Test试题

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about what you are going to convey to the interviewers when you, as an interviewee, are trying to apply to be one of the youth volunteer (青年志愿者) for Olympic Games 2008. You should write at least 120 words according to the following guidelines:

1. 表达你的诚意；

2. 说明你所具备的素质。

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Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Daytime TV Talk Shows—What’s Their Appeal?

It’s no secret that television has become the public interest for Americans, the one central source of information and public debate on matters of national importance. 98 percent of us live in homes in which the TV set is on seven-and-half hours a day; 67 percent of us get all our information from TV. This is not a matter of laziness, stupidity, or even the seductive power of the tube. It is a tragic fact that illiteracy—actual and functional—is rampant（普通）. It is difficult if not impossible

for more of us to read, even when we try. Television, in such cases, is a necessity. The emergence of TV talk shows

In the early 1950s, when TV emerged as the dominant cultural form, it represented to us a middle-aged, middle-class, white-male image of authority. Network prime time was TV, and what it gave us, from dusk to bedtime, was a series of white middle-class fathers assuring us night after night that they knew best, that all was in good hands, that we needn’t worry about the many scary, confusing changes brought by postwar capitalism.

Ever since the 1960s, however, this has been harder and harder to manage. The breakdown of the family, the crisis in education, religion, and the credibility of the state, the growing visibility and vocality of minority groups and ideas—all these took the country and media by storm. The most recent dramatic proof of the impact of social crises and the progressive movements they spawned(产生) is the amazing media talks about “multiculturalism” and “political correctness” on campuses.

The primary goal of talk shows as a television form is to attract curious audiences and sell them products, not revolution. Thus the circus—like atmosphere and the need for bizarre and giggle-inducing topics and participants.

Still, the influence of feminism and other social and cultural movements is there, and the result is more interesting and contradictory because of it. Donahue, Oprah, and pals have reproduced the experience of being in a group and sharing deeply personal and significant matters with others in the same boat. TV talk show: its uniqueness

One reason those shows appeal is because, in agreement with the democratic thrust of 1960s feminism, their structure approaches the non-hierarchical（无级别）. The host is still the star, of course. But in terms of authority, she or he is far from central. The physical set enforces this fact. Audiences and participants sit in a circular form and—this is the only TV format in which this happens—speak out, sometimes without being called on. They yell at each other and at host, disagree with experts, and come to no authoritative conclusions. There is something exhilarating（令人喜欢的） about watching people who are usually invisible—because of class, race, gender, status — having their say and, often, being wholly disrespectful to their “betters”. The discussion of black women with blond hair, for example, ignited（引起）a shouting match between those for whom such behavior meant a disavowal of one’s “blackness”, a desire to “be white”, and those who insisted it was simply a matter of choosing how one whished to look, no different from the behavior of white women who dye their hair or tan their bodies. The audience, selected from the black community, argued with everything that was said. Both participants and audience members attacked the “experts”, a black writer committed to the natural—to “black is beautiful”.

This is as close as television gets to open discourse on serious issues. But it is only possible because the issues discussed are not taken seriously by those in power. And that is why the sensationalism of these shows is double-edged. If they were respectable in their style and choice of issues, they’d be reined in more. By allowing themselves to seem light-hearted and trashy, they manage to carry on often-serious

discussion without being cut off the air or cleaned up.

This may seem contradictory, but it’s not. The truth is that the emotional matters brought up on Oprah, Donahue, Sally, and the others are almost always related in some way to deep cultural and structural problems in our society. TV talk show: brings us to nowhere

I have been stressing the positive side of these shows primarily because of their difference from their highbrow, prime-time counterparts, which are far more reactionary in form and content. It is, in grand scheme of things as they are, a good thing to have these arenas of ideological interaction and open-endedness.

But, these shows are a dead end, and they’re meant to be. They lead nowhere but to the drug store for more Excedrin. In fact, what’s most infuriating（逢迎）about them is not that they are in bad taste. It is that they work to contain real political change. What talk shows have done is take the best insights and traditions of a more politicized time and drop them. They are all talk and no action.

This makes perfect sense. It is the nature of the mass media in a contradictory social environment to take progressive ideas, once they gain strength, and contain them in the large, immobilizing structure of the political status quo（现状）.

We are allowed to voice our woes（困难）. We are allowed to argue, cry, shout, whatever. We are even allowed to hear about approved services and institutions that might help with this or that specific bruise or wound. But we are not allowed to rock the political or economic boat of television by suggesting that things could be different. That would rightly the sponsor and network heads. Who would buy their Excedrin if the headaches of American life went away?

1. In the early 1950s, people didn’t watch TV in the daytime.

2. American society was fully prepared for the social crisis of the 1960s. 3. TV talk shows are democratic because the host is not the star.

4. TV talk shows will be taken seriously by those in power if the issues are related

to deep cultural and structural problems in American society.

5. Oprah, Donahue and Sally are the famous hosts in the American day time TV talk

shows.

6. By using the phrase “dead end”, the author means that TV talk shows are going to

disappear in America in future.

7. Companies in America are enthusiastic in sponsoring TV talk shows.

8. In the 1960s, the American society met with grave social problem ranging from

the breakdown of the family to the growing visibility and vocality of . 9. The more interesting and contradictory TV talk shows, compared with previous

programs, rooted deep in the influence of feminism and .

10. The author believes that in such a contradictory social environment, the nature of

the mass media is to take progressive ideas, and contain them in the .

Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

11. A) Use one dressing table for studying.

B) Study the structure of the dressing table. C) Put the dressing table into the study room. D) Exchange the dressing table for a study desk. 12. A) She has to post the memo instead.

B) She has to turn down the man’s request. C) She’s not sure if the computer is fixed. D) She can’t send the memo right now. 13. A) In a classroom. C) In a bookstore.

B) In a library. D) In a cafeteria. 14. A) She is in a meeting.

B) She is on the phone.

C) She is engaged for the moment. D) She is in the middle of her cooking. 15. A) Get the books she needs.

B) Make sure the hotel is expecting him.

C) Make sure the time of the party is confirmed. D) Call and ask about hotel rooms.

16. A) They have already chosen a president.

B) They will choose a president in a few months.

C) She thinks earlier reports that they chose a new president were false. D) She thinks the appointment will take effect soon. 17. A) Climb the mountains. C) Go fishing.

B) Windsurf. D) Read some books. 18. A) She cannot help the man because she is in a boat.

B) The man should ask the doorkeeper where the hall is. C) The man should get into the same boat with her. D) The man should go to the hall by himself.

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) Polltaker and passenger. C) Student and teacher.

B) Program host and guest. D) Politician and supporter. 20. A) Whenever they go.

B) When on normal duty.

C) When chasing an armed criminal.

D) When chasing a criminal they know. 21. A) Absolutely agree. C) Absolutely disagree.

B) Agree. D) Disagree. 22. A) Britain should not join the EEC.

B) Britain should try to benefit from the EEC. C) It is difficult for Britain to live in the EEC. D) It is necessary for Britain to stay in.

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

23. A) She has lost some of her important stuff.

B) There is something wrong with her eyes.

C) She doesn’t know how to use steel to build construction. D) She doesn’t know where to get the information she need. 24. A) It takes time to collect the useful information.

B) One can only read books in the library. C) All books are difficult to understand. D) One has to line up to borrow books. 25. A) To find the information in the library.

B) To borrow the books from her teacher. C) To give her shoes to Steve. D) To consult her tutor what to do.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. A) In Dakota. C) In London.

B) In New York. D) In Hawaii. 27. A) The doorman.

B) A young man from New York. C) A 20-year-old man from Hawaii. D) A fan of the Beatles and Lennon. 28. A) The doorman. C) The policeman.

B) Mark Chapman. D) The Beatles.

Passage Two

Questions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.

29. A) Many people who are in need work in it.

B) The hospital blood is mainly provided by it. C) Anyone can get help from it. D) It covers nearly the whole world. 30. A) Tsunami. B) Dunant. C) Crow. D) Barton. 31. A) The fact that he was soldier himself then.

B) The fact that he was a war-prisoner. C) The result of an international meeting. D) The sight of suffering people in a battle.

Passage Three

Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard. 32. A) In New York. C) Near a prison.

B) In a bank. D) In the countryside. 33. A) A policeman. C) A prison official.

B) Mr. Black’s old friend. D) A runaway criminal. 34. A) At least 14 miles an hour. C) At most 40 miles an hour.

B) At least 40 miles an hour. D) At most 14 miles an hour. 35. A) Because a police-car followed his.

B) Because he wanted the man in his car arrested. C) Because it grew darker and darker.

D) Because he wanted to return home earlier.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

There are many 36 about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama 37 from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world, even the seasonal changes, as 38 , and they 39 , through various means, to control these unknown and 40 powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the 41 results were then retained and repeated until they 42 into fixed rituals. Eventually stories 43 which explained the mysteries of the rites. 44 .

45 . According to this view, tales about the hunt, war, or

other feats are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each other the roles by a different person. 46 .

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Japan has reached an important 47 point. After World War II, the miracle of Japan’s economic growth was achieved through technological 48 and a cheap, well-trained laboratorian. This innovation, however, was based on 49 basic technologies or concept from the United States and Europe and improving them. The economic success of this 50 approach ended about a decade ago 51 of the strength of the Japanese yen, an increase 52 labor costs and the growth of other countries in East and Southeast Asia. To achieve 53 economic development, Japan must develop breakthrough technologies that promise benefits. This change is not easy, 54 , because all sectors of Japanese society— 55 political circles, and administration, industry, and education—have previously been oriented 56 catching up economically.

A) innovation

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

D)turning G) toward J) between M) introducing B) because E) further H) including K)catch-up N) however C) of F)and I)in L)more O)with

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960’s and 70’s, were primarily the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated (授权) unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation world-wide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic（北极的）snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasoline and thus enabled scientists to differentiate（分区）the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found in gasoline from the United States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that lead levels in soil in the North-eastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem（生态系统）respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

57. The study published in the journal Nature indicates that . A) the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results B) lead deposits in arctic snow are on the increase

C) lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected

D) the US is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow

58. Lead accumulation worldwide decreased significantly after the use of unleaded

gas in the US . A) was discouraged B) was enforced by law C) was prohibited by law D) was introduced

59. How did scientists discover the source of lead pollution in Greenland?

A) By analyzing the data published in journals like Nature and Ambio. B) By observing the lead accumulations in different parts of the arctic area.

C) By studying the chemical elements of soil and snow in Northeastern

America.

D) By comparing the chemical compositions of leaded gasoline used in various

countries.

60. The authors of the Ambio study have found that . A) forests get rid of lead pollution faster than expected

B) lead accumulations in forests are more difficult to deal with C) lead deposits are widely distributed in the forests of the US

D) The upper layers of soil in forests are easily polluted by lead emissions. 61. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that scientists .

A) are puzzled by the mystery of forest pollution. B) feel relieved by the use of unleaded gasoline. C) still consider lead pollution a problem

D) lack sufficient means to combat lead pollution

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Exercise is one of the few factors with a positive role in long-term maintenance of body weight. Unfortunately, that message has not gotten through to the average American, who would rather try switching to “light” beer and low-calorie bread than increase physical exertion. The Centers for Disease Control, for example, found that fewer than one-fourth of overweight adults who were trying to shed pounds said they were combining exercise with their diet.

In rejecting exercise, some people may be discouraged too much by caloric-expenditure charts; for example, one would have to briskly walk three miles just to work off the 275 calories in one delicious Danish pastry（小甜饼）. Even exercise professionals concede half a point here. “Exercise by itself is a very tough way to lose weight,” says York Onnen, program director of the President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.

Still, exercise’s supporting role in weight reduction is vital. A study at the Boston University Medical Center of overweight police officers and other public employees confirmed that those who dieted without exercise regained almost all their old weight, while those who worked exercise into their daily routine maintained their new weight.

If you have been sedentary (极少活动的) and decide to start walking one mile a day, the added exercise could burn an extra 100 calories daily. In a year’s time, assuming no increase in food intake, you could lose ten pounds. By increasing the distance of your walks gradually and making other dietary adjustments, you may lose even more weight.

62. What is said about the average American in the passage?

A) They tend to exaggerate the healthful effect of “light” beer. B) They usually ignore the effect of exercise on losing weight.

C) They prefer “light” beer and low-calorie bead to other drinks and food.

D) They know the factors that play a positive role in keeping down body weight. 63. Some people dislike exercise because .

A) they think it is physically exhausting

B) they find it hard to exercise while on a diet

C) they don’t think it possible to walk 3 miles every day

D) they find consulting caloric-expenditure charts troublesome

64. “Even exercise professionals concede half a point here” (Line 3, Para.2) means

they .”

A) agree that the calories in a small piece of pastry can be difficult to work off

by exercise

B) partially believe diet plays a supporting role in weight reduction

C) are not fully convinced that dieting can help maintain one’s new weight D) are not sufficiently informed of the positive role of exercise in losing weight 65. What was confirmed by the Boston University Medical Center’s study?

A) Controlling one’s calorie intake is more important than doing exercise. B) Even occasional exercise can help reduce weight C) Weight reduction is impossible without exercise

D) One could lose ten pounds in a year’s time if there’s no increase in food

intake.

66. What is the author’s purpose in writing this article?

A) To justify the study of the Boston University Medical Center. B) To stress the importance of maintaining proper weight. C) To support the statement made by York Onnen. D) To show the most effective way to lose weight.

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) under the passage. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. One of the most important features that distinguish reading from listening is the nature of the audience. 67 the writer often does not know 67. A) However who will read what he writes, he must B) Since 68 to be as clear as possible. Time 68. A) attempt can be taken to plan the piece of B) intend writing so that it is eventually 69. A) lawful C) Although D) Unless C) pretend D) expect C) natural organized into some sort of 69 B) historical sequence of events or ideas. When we speak, however, we 70. A) few normally have very 70 time to B) much plan what we intend to say. 71 , 71. A) then we may begin speaking before we B) Indeed 72 what to say. Our thoughts then 72. A) have decided tumble (混乱，颠倒) out in 73 a B) will decide logical sequence. Since we are actually 73. A) nothing but 74 our audience face to face we B) nothing like may omit some of the information we 74. A) appealing believe our audience shares. 75 B) advertising the more familiar we are with our 75. A) And audience, the more information we are B) But likely to leave out. In any 76 they can always stop and ask a 76. A) case question or ask for clarification if we B) state have left out too much. A reader, however, cannot do 77. A) such 77 but can at least attempt B) much comprehension at his own speed; 78. A) in general 78 , he can stop and go backwards B) in conclusion or forwards, 79 to a dictionary or 79. A) yield just stop and rest. B) prefer When we listen we may have to work hard to sort out the speaker’s 80. A) thoughts 80 by referring backwards and B) consideration forwards while the speakers continues. As the speaker struggles to organize his thoughts, he will use filler phrases to give him time to plan. 81 81. A) Instead of these fillers, he will still make B) In spite of mistakes and repeat what he has already said. His speech will be characterized 82 a limited range 82. A) at of grammatical patterns and B) on vocabulary and the use of idioms to 83 some general meaning quickly. 83. A) transmit It should be clear, then, that the listener B) convey has to take an active 84 in the 84. A) role process by ignoring the speaker’s B) duty repetitions and mistakes, and by seeking out the main idea information through recall and prediction. To keep D) logical C) little D) enough C) Alternatively D) Soon C) will have decided D) decided C) anything but D) anything like C) convincing D) addressing C) Thus D) Nevertheless C) condition D) affair C) this D) itself C) on the contrary D) that is to say C) adapt D) refer C) concepts D) speculation C) Because of D) In view of C) by D) with C) negotiate D) conduct C) part D) function the process going 85 he also has to inform the speaker that he has understood 86 actually interrupting. 85. A) regularly B) fluently 86. A) without B) except C) peacefully D) smoothly C) despite D) regarding Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.

87. He said that the driver must have had an accident; otherwise he (当

时应该已经到了) .

88. Urban crowdedness (将大大地缓解) if only the fees

charged on public transport were more reasonable.

89. Showing some sense of humor can be an (对付紧张

情形的有效方法) .

90. (无论我们碰到什么问题) , we’ll help one

another to overcome them.

91. In India more than one hundred languages are spoken, of which only fourteen

(被认为是官方语言) .