1. =Beowul= can be termed England ’s national epic and its hero Beowulf —one of the national
heroes of the English people. 贝奥武夫（有记载的最早的一部英国文学作品） 2. The literature of Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, --=( Pagan ) and
Christian=.The former represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of =oral sagas= , --the crude material out of which literature was slowly developed on English soil; the latter represents the = the monks. 盎格鲁 - 撒克逊时期的文学自然地分成两个部门
盎格鲁撒克逊人可能带来的形式口头传说 的僧侣。
writings= developed under teaching of
, —— (异教徒 )和基督教。前者代表了诗歌的
; 他后者代表作品在教学
,原油材料文献在慢慢开发英语土壤
3. The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took
th
place on the
=European Continent =approximately at the beginning of the 6 century, when the forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the = Scandinavian peninsula=.
4. The old English poetry can be divided into two groups: the =secular=poetry and the =religious=
poetry. 世俗诗歌和宗教诗歌。
5. =(Beowulf)= is the oldest poem in the English language, and also the oldest surviving epic
in the English language. 史诗
II.
1. __c_____ is the first important religious poet in English literature.
撒克逊基督教诗人）
凯德蒙（公元
7 世纪盎格鲁 -
A. John Donne B. George Herbert C. Caedmon D. Milton
2. In Anglo-Saxon period, Beowulf represented the __=pagan=__ poetry. 异教徒；无宗教信仰者 1. In the year =1066= , at the battle of = Hasting= 黑斯廷（英国东萨塞克斯郡濒临加来海峡的城市） , the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.
2. The literature which Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of =love and adventures= , in marked contrast with the =strength and somberness= of Anglo-Saxon poetry. 盎格鲁撒克逊提倡力量和暗淡
3. The literature of the Anglo –Norman period was of three classes: the matter of _________; matter of __________________; matter of ___________.
4. After the = Norman= Conquest, feudal system was established in English society.
5. the most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England was =romance= . It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventure of a noble hero.
Geoffrey Chaucer
杰弗里 ·乔叟 (Geoffrey Chaucer ，1342 年-1400 年 )，英国中世纪著名作家，出生于一个酒商家庭。 年随爱德华三世的部队远征法国，被法军俘虏，不久以黄金赎回。
1359
I.
1. Geoffrey Chaucer, the “=father of English poetry= ”and one of the greatest narrative poets
叙
事诗人 of England, was born in London in or about the year 1340.
2. Being especially fond of the great =Italian= writer Boccaccio, Chaucer composes a long narrative poem= Troilus and Cressie=, based upon Boccaccio’s poem Filostrato Chaucer's.
3. Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language, the basis of which was formed by the = London= dialect, so profusely 丰富的 used by the poet.
4. Chaucer’s masterpiece is 杰作 = The Canterbury Tales= 坎特伯雷故事集（著作名） most famous works in all literature.
history of English literature. 序言是一个辉煌的杰作的浪漫形象 picturesque panorama of his time and his country .
, one of the
5. The Prologue 序言 is a splendid masterpiece of Romantic portrayal, the first of its kind in the
,首次在英语文学的历史。
6. In his greatest work, The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer created a strikingly
brilliant and
在他最伟大的作品 《,坎特伯雷故事集》 中 ,乔叟创造了一个惊人的才华横溢 ,风景如画的时间和国家的全景。
6. Chaucer’s work is permeated with buoyant free-thinking,
so characteristic of the age of
Renaissance whose immediate forerunner Chaucer thus becomes. 英国浪漫文学当之无愧的 先驱
1. The 16 century in England was a period of the breaking up of _ feudal _ relations and the establishing of the foundations of __ capitalism __.
th
2. The 16th century was a time when, according to Thomas More, “sheep devoured
man ”. 3. The term Renaissanceoriginally indicated a revival of classic Greek and Roman
arts and sciences after the dark ages of obscurantism. 文艺复兴一词最初显示的复兴古
典希腊和罗马艺术与科学在蒙昧主义的黑暗时代。
4. King Henry the VIII broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and
abbeys in the country, confiscated their lands and proclaimed himself head of
,解散了所有的修道院和修道院 Church of England .国王亨利八世与教皇断绝了 ,没收他们的土地 , 宣
布自己成为英格兰教会的负责人。
5. The old English aristocracy having exterminated in the course of War of the Roses , a
new nobility, totally dependent on the king ’s power, came to the fore.古老的英国
贵族消灭在玫瑰战争的过程中
,新贵族 , 完全依赖国王的权力 ,开始崭露头角。
6. At the beginning of the 16th century the outstanding humanist Thomas More wrote
his Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people ’s sufferings and put forward his ideal of a future happy society.
7. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙 ·斯宾塞（人名） was the author of the greatest epic poem
of the time, The Faire Queen.
8. The greatest of the pioneers of English drama was William Shakespearewho
reformed that genre in England and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.最伟大的英国戏剧是莎士比亚改革的先驱 ,在英格兰和完善语言和诗歌流派的戏剧作品。
rd
9. William Shakespeare was born on the 23 of April, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon 史特拉
福 , Warwickshire.
10. Hamlet speaks the famous“To be, or not to be”
11. Shakespeare’ssonnets fall into two series: The first 126 sonnets are addressed to
a young man, and the rest (except the last two ones) are addressed to dark lady. 黑暗淑女
12. The four great tragedies in Shakespeare’mature period are Hamlet, Othello, King
Lear and Macbeth.哈姆雷特 ,奥赛罗 , 《李尔王》和《麦克白》 。
13. Pope describeFrancis Bacon as “the wisest, brightest, and meanest of mankind”.教
皇培根描述为 “最聪明的 , 最聪明的 ,最差的人类 ”。
14. Of Bacon’sliterary works, the most important are th e Essays.
1. The 17th century was a period when absolute monarchy impeded the further
development of capitalism in England and the bourgeoisie could no longer bear the sway of landed nobility .17 世纪是一个君主专制时期阻碍了资本主义的进一步发展 ,在英格兰
和资产阶级再也无法忍受贵族地主的影响。
2. There are religious division and confusion and a long bitter struggle between the people’s Parliament and the Throne--Puritans fighting against the Cavaliers who helped the king.清教徒与骑士
3. In 1653, Oliver Cromwell imposed a military dictatorship on the country; after his
death monarchy was again restored. It was called the period of the 4. In1688 , the Glorious Revolution took place.
5. The Glorious Revolution meant three things: the supremacy of Parliament ,议会
the beginning of modern England , and the final triumph of the principle of political
liberty .
6. The puritans believed in simplicity of life.清教徒信奉简朴的生活。
7. Restoration created a literature of its own that was often witty and clever, but on
the whole immoral and cynical. The most popular genre was that of comedy whose
chief aim was to entertain the licentious aristocrats. 恢复了自己的文学 ,内容诙谐幽默 , 聪
明, 但总的来说不道德的、愤世嫉俗的。最常见的类型是喜剧的主要目的是为了娱乐那些放肆的贵族。
8. The first thing to strike the reader is Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism . The next is the _cynicism __ which marks certain of the lighter poems and which represents a conscious reaction from the extreme _idealism __ of woman encouraged by the Petrarchan tradition.
9. The poems of John Donne belong to two categories: the youthful love lyrics, and
the latter sacred verses约.翰 ·多恩的诗歌属于两类 :年轻的爱歌词 , 后者神圣的经文。 10. Milton opposed the Monarchicparty and gave all his energies to the writing of
pamphlets dedicated to the people’sliberties. 弥尔顿反对君主的党 ,给了他所有的精力写
小册子致力于人民的自由。
11. Paradise Losttells how Satan rebelled against God and how Adam and Eve were
driven out of Eden.
12. Paradise Lostpresents the author’sviews in anallegorical form.寓言形式 13. Paradise Lostconsists oftwelve books. It is based on theBiblical legend of the
imaginary progenitors of the human race —Adamand Eve .《失乐园》由十二个书。它是
基于圣经传说虚构的祖细胞的人类
race-Adam 和夏娃。
14. John Milton ’sParadise Lost ends with the departure of Adam and Eve from
the Garden of Eden.
15. Paradise Lost is a long epic divided into 12 books, the stories of which are
taken from The Old Testament《.旧约》。
16. Milton gave us the only _ epic 叙事诗 _ since Beowulf, and Bunyan 班扬（姓氏）；英国
的传教士
gave us the only great _
_.寓言
allegory
17. Bunyan’smost important work is Pilgrim ’ s Progress,written in the old-fashioned,
medieval form of _allegory__ and ___dream _.
18. The Pilgrim’sProgress is the most successful religious allegory in the English
language.
19. The Pilgrim’sProgress begins with a man calledChristian setting out with a book
in his hand a great load on his back from the city ofDestuction .
20. _John Donne _is famous for his metaphysical conceit, that is, a comparison
between the two strikingly resembling objects. 约翰 ·多恩所在的著名的为他的形而上学
的自负 ,也就是说 , 两个惊人地类似对象之间的比较。
21. Samson Agonistewas written by John Milton.
22. “If thou be ’est he—but oh how fallen! How unchanged /From him! —who in the
happy realms of light,/clothed with transcendent brightness,/did ’st outshine/Myriads, though bright ⋯”are the lines from Milton ’s Paradise Lost spoken to Beelzebub bySatan.
1.
The enlighteners repudiate 拒绝 the false religious doctrines 主义 about the viciousness 堕
落 of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest , and if he becomes depraved,堕落腐化 it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment. 2. We study eighteenth century writings in three main divisions: the reign of so-called, the
revival of romantic poetry, and the beginnings of the modern novel .
3. The 18 century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.
代“If the censure of Yahoos could any way affect me, I should have great reason to
mine own brain.”This quotation is selected from Gulliver ’sTravels.格列夫游记
4. The Yahoos are attacked by the writer named Jonathan Swift 乔纳森 ·斯威夫特 in his fantasy
work bearing the title Gulliver ’s Travels.
5. The image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th century was created by Daniel Defoe in
th
理性时
complain that some of them are so bold as to think my book of travels a mere fiction out of
his famous novel Robinson Crusoe .
“
6. Henry Fielding has been regarded as
”,for his contribution to the establishment of
the form of the modern novel. ( Father of the English Novel ) ruthless pictures of the depraved aristocracy and satirically English State system.
7. In his world-famous novelTom Jones Jonathan Swift typified
the bourgeois world, drew
portrayed the whole of the
8. The exciting tale of Robinson Crusoe is largely _ an adventure
_ story, rather than the study of
human character .鲁宾逊漂流记的激动人心的故事主要是
th
_一个冒险 _ 的故事 ,而不是人类性格的研究。
9. Jonathan Swift was born of English parents in Dublin Ireland
.
10. Of all the romantic poets of the 18
original .
century, Blake is the most
independent and the most
11. The Songs of Experienceare in marked contrast with
The Songs of Innocence. The brightness
of the earlier work gives place to a sense of gloom
罗伯特 ·彭斯
and mystery, and of the power of evil .
12. Robert Burns’poetry is bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the Scottish common people.
13. Elegy Witten in a Country Churchyard by Thomas Gray is taken as a model of sentimentalist
poetry, esp. the Graveyard School
14. Friday is a character in the novel Robinson Crusoe .
15. Auld Lang Syne written by Robert Burns deals with friendship and has long become a
universal parting song of all the English-speaking countries.
期以来成为一个普遍的所有英语国家的离别之歌。
往时由罗伯特 ·伯恩斯处理友谊和长
1. Romanticism as a literary movement came into being in England early in the
latter half of the ____18th____century
2. William Blake and Robert Burns represented the spirit of what is usually called Pre-Romanticism.
3. With the publication of William Wordsworth ’ s Lyrical Ballads _____ in
collaboration with S. T. Coleridge, romanticism began to bloom and found a firm place in the history of English literature.
4. The Romanticism was generally influenced by the Industrial Revolution and
________.
5. Liberty, equality and fraternity 自由、平等、博爱 were the watchwords of the French
Revolution. 6. The eighteenth century was distinctively an age of _prose _. The Age of
Wordsworth —like the Age of Shakespeare—was decidedly an age of ____poetry _____.
7. In 1798, ___WilliamWordsworth _____and Samuel Taylor Coleridge published a joint
volume of poetry entitled Lyrical Ballads, which became a landmark in English poetry. (William Wordsworth)
8. Many of Wordsworth ’ s poems in Lyricalthe Ballads were devoted to the position
of landless and homeless peasants.华兹华斯关心无家可归者。 9. In his poems Wordsworth aimed at simplicity & purity of the language, fighting
against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry. 简答和纯真
10. The definition that “all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful
feelings”was written by ________ in ________. (William Wordsworth,Lyrical Ballads)抒情诗集（书名）
11. ‘Beauty is Truth, Truth Beauty,”that– is all
Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know.
This quotation is selected from __
Ode on a Grecian Urn
__ by _
John Keats
_.
希腊古瓮
颂（济慈诗歌）
12. Childe Harold ’Pilgrimages is a ____travelogue _旅行见闻讲演 ____ narrated by a
melancholy, passionate, well-read and very eloquent tourist. 13. Byron chose for his poems thepoem stanza.
14. ___Don Juan ____, Byron ’ s greatest work, was written in the prime of his creative
power, in the years 1818-1823.
15. As a leading Romanticist, Byron’schief contribution is his creation of the
“Byronic Hero”,a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin.
16. The long narrative poem the story of Endymion, the Latmian shepherd
beloved by the moon-goddess, ___Selene ___, was published in 1818.
17. The English Romantic period produced two major novelists: Scott andJane Austen
18. In all Austen ’ s novels the-makinglove of her young people, though serious
and sympathetic , is subdued by ______ to the ordinary plane of emotion on which most of us live.
19. Austen ’ s style is elegant ___ and ___satirical ___。奥斯丁风格高雅讽刺
20. The Bennets were speedily pronounced to be the luckiest family in the world,
though only a few weeks before whenLydia had first run away, they had been generally proved to be marked out for misfortune.
This quotation is selected from __________ by _________. (Pride and Prejudice,
Jane Austen)
1. The precisian may limit the Victorian period to the years between the Queen ’s
accession in1837 and her death in _ 1901 _, but a new era really began with the
passage of the Reform Bill in 1832 and closed at the end of the Boer War in
-_1881 .
2. The awakened working class writers is the predominant theme in Early Victorian
literature. 唤醒工人阶级早期维多利亚文学作家是主要的主题。
3. The picture in _ Oliver Twist (1838) by Dickens is of the typical workhouse in the
years before experience and protests introduced ameliorating modifications in
the administration of the law.
4. The repeated upsurge of Chartist 宪章派 agitation forced the ruling classes in
England to make certain concessions, resulting in the Repeal of the Corn Law in 1846 and the passage of the Ten Hours Act in 1847宪.章派风潮的一再高涨迫使英国统治
阶级做出某些让步 ,导致的废除谷物法在 1846 年和 1847 年十个小时法案的通过。
5. Though it failed, Chartism signified the first great political movement of the
proletariat _ in English history.
6. The greatest English realist of the Victorian time wasCharles Dickens.
7. The greatness of the English realists lies in their satirical portrayal of
and in the exposure of the greed and hypocrisy of ruling class , but the bourgeoisie
also in their profound humanism which is revealed in their sympathy for the laboring people.英国现实主义的伟大在于他们讽刺的描写资产阶级的曝光 ,统治阶级的贪婪和虚伪 ,
但也在深刻的人文主义 ,表现在他们对劳动人民的同情。
8. In the fifties and sixties the realistic novel enters a stage ofdecline.
9. Charles Dickens’sfirst and best Christmas book,A Christmas Carol,1843, failed to sell as well as he expected.圣诞颂歌
10. Great Expectations , 1860-1861, is told in the first person by Pip, a young man who
learns through adversity to discard his own superficial snobbishness.
11. Thackeray’sbest work, _Vanity Fair _, borrowed the name from John Bunyan's by
The Pilgrim's Progress .萨克来的名利场；约翰班样的天路历程
12. Both Jane Eyreand Wuthering Heights brought to the novel an introspection
and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone. 简爱，呼啸山庄关注内心情感 13. Wuthering Height was written by Emily Bront?.勃朗特的呼啸山庄
14. Of the four novels that Charlotte Bronte wrote, Jane Eyre has achieved lasting
fame. 15. In the Idylls of the King, Tennyson painted the character of the first English
national hero, King Arthur , and give new meaning to the legends. 坦尼斯的阿瑟 王
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