Unit 2 第二课时
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．—I didn't go to work yesterday because my car broke down. —You ________ mine. I wasn't using it then. A．might borrow B．should borrow C．must have borrowed D．could have borrowed
答案：D 考查情态动词＋have done。句意：——由于我的车坏了，昨天我没有去上班。——你本来能够用我的车，当时我并不用车。事情发生在过去，could have done本来能够做……，暗含实际上没有做。must have done一定做了某事。结合句意选D。
2．Sometimes his present job________ be boring, and he ________ work for long hours a day. A．can; has to C．has to; may
B．may; can D．ought to; must
答案：A 句意：有时他现在的工作有可能很没趣，并且他一天中还必须工作很长时间。can表示事情一时的可能性；have to必须，不得不。
3．We are given a special holiday, so we ________ go to work tomorrow. A．can't C．needn't
B．mustn't D．shouldn't
答案：C 句意：我们有个特别的假期，所以我们明天不必去上班。can't不可能；mustn't绝不可以；needn't不必；shouldn't不应该。结合句意选C。
4．(2014·银川高一检测)—Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the paper yesterday. —Oh, you ________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A．must C．should
B．mustn't D．shouldn't
答案：C 答语句意：哦，你本该做完的，因为昨天就是最后期限。此处用should have done表示本该做某事而实际上未做。
5．—What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
—You ________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself. A．don't have to
B．oughtn't to
C．mustn't D．can't
答案：A 句意：——你认为我们能为我们年老的父母做什么？——除了陪伴他们及顺其自然你不必做任何事。don't have to不必；oughtn't to不应该；mustn't绝不可以；can't不可能。结合句意选A。
6．(2014·长春高一检测)—I didn't see her last night at the party. —You ________. But you came too late. A．could have C．must have
B．can't have D．ought have
答案：A 句意：——我昨天晚上在聚会上没见到她。——你本能见到她的。但是你来得太晚了。此题考查could have done，过去分词已省去。could have done表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”。
7．—Must I return the book a week later? —Oh, no.You ________. A．oughtn't to C．won't
B．can't D．needn't
答案：D 句意：——我必须一周后还这本书吗？——哦，不，不必。must的疑问句的否定回答用needn't或don't have to。
8．—She looks unhappy.________ anything have happened to her? —I'm not sure, but I guess something ________ happened. A．May；must have C．Must; may
B．Can；may have D．Should; might have
答案：B 句意：——她看起来不高兴。她可能出了什么事吗？——我不确定，但我想可能出了什么事。can have done可能做了某事，用于疑问句或否定句；may have done可能做了某事，表示把握较小的推测，用于肯定句。
9．(2013·辽宁高考)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He ________ too much at the party last night.
A．could drink C．would have drunk
B．should drink D．must have drunk
答案：D 考查情态动词的用法。句意：Harry感到不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝了太多的酒。由第一句中的“uncomfortable”及第二句中的时间状语“last night”提示，此处强调对过去发生动作的推测。用must have done。
10．(2013·四川高考)—Why are your eyes so red? You________have slept well last night. —Yeah, I stayed up late writing a report. A．can't C．needn't
B．mustn't D．won't
答案：A 考查情态动词的用法。句意：——你的眼为什么那么红？昨晚你肯定没睡好。——是的，我熬夜写一篇报道了。A项can't have done表示对过去的否定推测；B项表示“禁止，不允许”，不能用于对过去的推测；C项needn't have done表示过去不需要做某事(但却做了)；D项不能用于对过去的推测。由句中的“so red”及时间状语“last night”提示，此处强调对过去发生动作的否定推测。
11．(2010·天津，9)Mark ________ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
A．needn't C．mustn't
B．wouldn't D．couldn't
答案：A 考查情态动词。句意：迈克本来不必那么匆忙的。这么高速驾驶之后，他提前半个小时到达了。根据后面的语境，提前半个小时到达，说明Mark本来不必那么匆忙，所以用needn't have done结构，表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”。
12．(2011·全国卷Ⅰ，32)They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. A．will C．must
B．can D．should
答案：D 考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为：他们本该午饭时到达，但他们的航班推迟了。will have done将来可以完成；can have done可能做过……吗？表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句；must have done一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测；should have done本来应该做某事，而实际没做。but their flight was delayed这样的结果，说明他们本来该到达却没有到达，因此选D。
13．(2012·湖南，21)We've had a good start, but next, more work needs________ to achieve the final success.
A．being done C．to be done
B．do D．to do
答案：C 考查情态动词的用法。need既可用作情态动词也可用作实义动词，在本句中用作实义动词故排除B项；need后可接动名词的主动式表被动含义，若选A项，则需改为doing，need doing＝need to be done, 故C项正确。
14．(2012·新课标，30)I ________ use a clock to wake me up because at six o'clock each morning the train comes by my house.
A．couldn't C．shouldn't
B．mustn't D．needn't
答案：D 本题考查情态动词。句意：我没有必要用闹钟来叫醒自己因为每天早上六点火车从我家旁边经过。couldn't意为“不能，不可能”； mustn't意为“不允许，禁止”； shouldn't意为“不应该”； needn't意为“不必”，符合语境，故D项为正确选项。
15．(2010·湖南，23)You ________ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A．must C．have to
B．mustn't D．don't have to
答案：D 考查情态动词的用法。句意：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。don't have to意为“没有必要”，符合语境。故选D。
Ⅱ.根据句意，用适当的情态动词(can/ought to/need/must/have to)的适当形式填空 1．One ________ cross the street against the red light. 2．His mother is ill, so he________ take care of her. 3．—I have to stay at home preparing my lessons. —But you ________ . Tomorrow is Sunday.
4．Mike's father is ill, but you ________ tell him, because he is to take an important examination.
5．—It ________ be that naughty boy crying outside. —It ________ be him, because he has gone to school. 6．— ________ I finish the task right now? —Yes, you________.
7．You were out enjoying yourself when you ________ have been studying. 8．If you are busy now, you don't ________ come with us.
答案：1.ought not to/mustn't 2.has to 3.needn't/don't have to 4.mustn't 5.must；can't 6.Must；must 7．ought to 8.have to
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
People diet to look more attractive. Fish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a result. That is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientists.
The research team have discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding (繁殖) rights within the group，” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”
The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten up.
It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to
see what happened. To their surprise, the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast.
The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a group. Previously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to threaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors small.
While the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, Dr. Wong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understanding how hierarchical (等级的) societies remain stable.
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans. “As yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature，” the researchers comment. “Data on human dieting suggest that, while humans generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females' own ideal.”
文章大意：大千世界，无奇不有。人节食是为了苗条，有魅力。鱼节食又是为何？作者从鱼类与人在节食问题上的对比，揭示出了一个令人深思的话题——人类的节食真是发自内心的吗？其本质目的何在？
1．When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it ________. A．faces danger B．has breeding rights C．eats its competitor D．leaves the group itself
答案：A 细节判断题。文章第三段指出：当稍小一些的鱼一旦长到它竞争者体积的5～10%时，将引发战争。结果大多是小一点的刺鳍鱼被逐出群体，最终被吞食掉。
2．The underlined words “the evicted fish” in Paragraph 3 refer to ________. A．the fish beaten up B．the fish found out C．the fish fattened up D．the fish driven away
答案：D 词义猜测题。紧承前一句．..which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group可知the evicted fish指的是被逐出群体的挑战失败者。
3．The experiment showed that the smaller fish ________. A．fought over a feast B．went on diet willingly C．preferred some extra food
D．challenged the boss fish
答案：B 推理判断题。文章第四段结尾the gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feast说明刺鳍鱼的节食是自愿的。而第六段更指出小一点儿的刺鳍鱼节食对于维护鱼类社会稳定的重要性。
4．What is the text mainly about? A．Fish dieting and human dieting. B．Dieting and health. C．Human dieting. D．Fish dieting.
答案：D 主旨归纳题。文章主要论述了刺鳍鱼节食的问题。指出这一行为是它自愿的，一种目的在于维护它们的整体稳定的行为。
B
(2014·宁波六校高一期中)
In the UK, most children have their midday meal at school, but in many schools, parents can choose what their children eat. The children can have a school lunch－a hot, cooked meal; or they can take a packed lunch with them, which usually includes cold food like sandwiches.
Often parents prepare lunches on_the_basis_of what their children want. Cathy, a mother of three children, told us, “My children have packed lunches, because they say they hate school dinners. I make 3 packed lunches every morning, so we're like a sandwich bar in our kitchen in the morning.”
However, another mother, Susan, made her choice based on the nutritious value of the food. She said, “My daughter always has school dinners. I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made sandwiches.”
But how healthy are school dinners? Kaz, a father, wasn't impressed with them. “Fizzy (有泡沫的) drinks were offered and I think there were a lot of chips.”
The question of how healthy school food is was brought to Jamie Oliver, who launched a campaign to improve children's nutrition, after spending a year working in a school kitchen. The TV series about the campaign won an award this week.
He was horrified(惊恐的)at the junk food he saw being served, which included burgers, pizza and chips.He decided to ban the junk, and started cooking good stews(炖菜)and curries for the children instead.
Jamie improved the school dinners in that particular school, and trained the dinner ladies to cook healthy food. Then he put pressure on the government to improve the standards of school food across the country. And it looks as if the changes have begun.
文章大意：你讨厌学校提供的饮食吗？让我们看看英国学校的情况如何？ 5．What would be the best title for the passage? A．School Dinners
B．Healthy Food
C．Dinners in the UK D．Research on Dinners
答案：A 主旨大意题。全文讲述的是学校饮食的问题，所以A项符合。
6．The underlined phrase “on the basis of” in the second paragraph probably means“________”．
A．by comparison C．in spite of
B．according to D．for the good of
答案：B 猜测词义题。所在句句意为“通常父母会按照孩子的要求准备午饭”。 7．We can learn from the passage that________. A．in Britain, all children have their lunch at school B．Cathy's children like school dinners C．stews and curries are healthy food D．Jamie Oliver works in a school kitchen
答案：C 细节理解题。由倒数第二段可知，Jamie非常吃惊地发现学校提供汉堡包、比萨和薯条这些垃圾食品。他决定禁绝这些垃圾食品，用stews和curries来代替垃圾食品，所以不难看出stews和curries是健康的饮食。
8．Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A．There are many schools in Britain.
B．Susan chooses food for her daughter according to its nutrition.
C．In the past, the food provided by British schools was not healthy enough. D．None of the parents in Britain like school food.
答案：C 推理判断题。由最后两段可推知，过去，英国学校提供的饮食是不健康的。
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