高二英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解

For years, my time spent in the shower could have got me a mention in Guinness World Records as the shortest time taken to bathe. I hurried up during this process.

One day, however, while at a party, I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. “What about you?” he asked, “Don't you get your creative thoughts from the same place?”

“I'm in and out in a hurry,” I told him proudly. “I have no time to waste!”

“What a pity,” he said. “That's the place where you need to slow down; plenty of great thoughts come from there!” I tried it out. I slowed down the whole process, started enjoying the warm water, taking a little longer to soap myself and even spending more time just enjoying the process, and realized how much I had missed in hurrying up all these years.

A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from and how she sought to convince her that she needed to find ways to relax. She gave her a videotape on stress management and relaxation techniques, and encouraged her to watch it right away. Fifteen minutes later, her friend handed back the tape. “It was good,” she said,” but I don't need it.” “But it's a 70 - minute video,” the woman replied, “You couldn't have watched the whole thing.”

“Yes, I did,” her friend said. “I put it in fast - forward!”

A major social problem of the 21st century is Hurry Sickness. We hurry through work. We swallow fast food. We complain that we don't have enough time. We race through the days and weeks until one day we look back in amazement and comment, “My god, how the years flew by!” Then we realize the heavy price we have paid for traveling fast.

Symptoms of Hurry Sickness include stress and anxiety, bad relationships, lowered work performance and even disease. Some people don't survive it. What's the cure? Slow down, for life is so short and precious that we must live it well.

（1）What was the advantage of taking a shower in the eyes of the artist friend? A. Time was saved. B. Nothing was missed. C. Great ideas flew away. D. Creative thoughts came. （2）What was the trouble with the woman's friend?

A. She felt stressed. B. She found the tape useless. C. She found no way to relax. D. She watched the tape too fast.

（3）What are the major trouble people face in the 21st century in the writer's eyes? A. People run fast to work. B. Everything is done in a hurry. C. People don't have enough time. D. Time flies without being noticed. （4）How can the problem be settled?

A. By pacing down. B. By learning to survive. C. By developing friendship. D. By performing good work. 【答案】（1）D

（2）A （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。很多人以自己的快节奏生活而自豪，这会造成一种匆忙症，它的突出症状为焦虑，有压力，生病，工作效率低甚至活不下去。如果想治愈症，就要放慢速度。比如放慢洗澡的速度有可能会创意的想法出现。

（1）细节理解题。根据第二段中的I heard an artist friend telling everybody that his idea came while he was having a shower. …“Don't you get your creative thoughts from the same place?”可知，作者的艺术家的朋友告诉大家。他创造性的想法是在他洗澡的时候来的。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故答案选D。

（2）细节理解题。根据第五段“A woman told me how much stress her friend was suffering from …”可知，这位女子说她的朋友遭受了很大的压力。分析选项可知，故答案选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据第八段内容可知，21世纪的人最大的问题就是“匆忙病”。他们匆匆忙忙的工作。吃快餐。他们抱怨没有足够的时间。他们一直和时间赛跑，直到有一天，惊讶地回过头来，说，“我的上帝，时光飞逝啊！“然后意识到他们已经付出了沉重的代价。分析本段的内容可知B项（一切都是匆匆忙忙完成的。）符合题意。在本段中说他们匆匆忙忙地工作而不是奔跑去上班， A错误。他们抱怨没有足够的时间而不是没有足够的时间，故C是错误的。而D项与题干无关。故不选，分析可知B项符合题意。

（4）推理判断题。最后一段说匆忙症的症状包括有压力和焦虑，不良的人际关系，工作效率低，甚至生病。有些人甚至无法生存下去。如何治呢？那就是放慢脚步。分析可知，要解决这个问题就要放慢速度。分析选项可知A项符合题意。 【点评】阅读理解细节题解题技巧：

1）语义转换题--跳读查找法：根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可确定最佳答案。

2）生活应用题--常识理解法：在读懂文章的基础上结合一定的生活常识进行判断。 3）细节排序题--首尾定位法：根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系，找出事件发生的正确顺序。

4）寻找信息题--题干定位法：寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题，主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等。

2．阅读理解

When he was young, Louis Armstrong was taking what was called “Creole jazz”, which was also called dance music, and combining it with trumpeter (小号手) Buddy Bolden, to create what would eventually become today's jazz.

Armstrong accomplished that with almost no formal training. He received little training before he was placed in the New Orleans Colored Waif's Home at the age of 12, after a run-in (小争执) with the police. The punishment turned out to be a mixed blessing, for he also had the opportunity to play in a real band.

While at the Waif's, Armstrong also got the chance to hear some of the city's finest musicians. Cornetist Freddie Keppard performed in a nearby club. So did trumpeter and bandleader, King

Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.

When Oliver left for Chicago, Armstrong chose to stay in New Orleans and work with some of the other top musicians of the day. In Chicago, King Oliver offered him a place in his band in 1922. It became Armstrong's biggest challenge yet — the band had no parts written for trumpet, so he was forced to listen to King Oliver and improvise (即兴创作).

Soon, Armstrong's undeniable talent was getting notice. Even classically trained musicians would come to hear the incredible sounds this young man created.

Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.

Armstrong moved to New York City in 1924 to join Fletcher Henderson's band and then flew solo. In 1925, Armstrong put together the Hot Five, expanding his popularity even more. Armstrong recorded his first composition, Cornet Chop Suey, one of the most copied jazz solos of all time. This monumental 1928 recording blends (混合) artistry, endurance and showmanship that has rarely, if ever, been matched in Jazz.

（1）What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the second paragraph? A. To play dance music. B. To work with Buddy Bolden. C. To create modem jazz music. D. To play a jazz instrument well. （2）Who taught Louis Armstrong how to play music in the early time?

A. Buddy Bolden. B. Lil Hardin. C. Cornetist Freddie Keppard. D. King Joe Oliver. （3）Why did Louis Armstrong Leave King Oliver's band? A. Because he wanted to get married in New York. B. Because the man forced him to leave the band. C. Because he got a better opportunity in New York. D. Because his talent could not develop completely. （4）What's the main idea of the passage? A. It asks readers to know more about modern jazz. B. It introduces one of the greatest jazz musicians. C. It introduces the development of jazz.

D. It describes the importance of talent in playing jazz. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了音乐人Louis Armstrong学习音乐的过程。 （1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的to create what would eventually become today's jazz.由此可知that指上段 “...to create what would eventually become today's jazz.”，故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“So did trumpeter and bandleader, King Joe Oliver, who took the boy under his wing and taught him how to read music and work on his playing technique.”小号手兼乐队指挥King Joe Oliver也这么做了，他把小男孩放在自己的侧厅，教

他如何阅读音乐，学习演奏技巧。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“ Lil Hardin, the bands piano player and the future Mrs. Armstrong, explains that Oliver kept Armstrong in the second trumpet-chair so that Oliver would still be “King”. Hardin convinced him to leave the band.”可推断出Louis Armstrong离开King Oliver乐队的原因是因为他的才能不能得到完全发展，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。全文介绍Armstrong如何成为伟大的爵士音乐家，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇人物类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an absent father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that \"no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mother's incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”. Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists. People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer.

Garmezy's work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individual's success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates. Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia University's Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves don't have much predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. \"Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. \"It's only predictive if there's a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesn't guarantee that you'll suffer going forward.

The good news is that positive perception can be taught. \"We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things,\" Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways--to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”---changes how they experience and react to the adversity.

（1）According to the passage, resilience is an individual's ability________.

A. to think critically B. to decide one's own fate C. to live a better life D. to recover from adversity （2）What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. The psychologists B. The resilient children C. Positive elements D. Internal locus of control （3）According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that____________.

A. your positive perception may turn adversity around B. stressful events are more predictive than delightful events

C. experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on suffering D. a negative response doesn't guarantee you will suffer all the time

（4）What is the author's purpose of writing this passage?

A. To teach people how to be resilient B. To encourage people to live through adversity C. To indicate people's perception varies from each other D. To compare different research findings about resilience 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）A （4）A

【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。

（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) won't know how resilient they are. It's only when they're faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。只有当他们面对障碍，压力等逆境时，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度过了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。韧性应该指克服逆境的能力。故答案选D。

（2）词义猜测题。由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的“内控点”。他们认为他们影响了自己的成就，而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。由此可知，they指的就是the resilient children。故答案选B。

（3）推理判断题。由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。这种差别来自他们的认知。如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会，对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。反之，如果他们做出消极的反应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境，使情况朝着好的方向发展。故答案选A。

（4）写作意图题。文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。第二段解释了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。第五段强调，积极的认知是可以学习的。故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。故答案选A。 【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧：根据文体类别推断写作目的（1）写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。（2）写作目的（to persuade readers）常见于广告类的文章。在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品﹑一种服务（to sell a product or a service），或是要通过对旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等（to attract more visitors / readers / audience）（3）写作目的（to inform readers）多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。

4．阅读理解

I stood in a noisy group of sixth grade students, waiting for the answer to our burning question: What type of crazy tie would Mr. Miller be wearing today?

Our teacher walked around the comer with a GREEN ELEPHANT TIE that matched his large elephant coffee cup! Oh, the satisfaction in our young hearts—a green elephant tie!

With his glasses at the tip of his nose, he greeted us cheerfully, “Good morning, folks!” He was strange and unique and he brightened every day for us. He was the most dynamic teacher I had ever met.

I loved music, so I remember how excited I was when he said he was going to give us music lessons. But when he turned on the music, my classmates and I slowly turned our heads toward the sound of… Feter Paul and Mary singing “If I Had a Hammer”.

Snickers（窃笑）filled the room. If it wasn't rap or hip hop, we didn't recognize it. What were these people singing about? My classmates were not into this at all. But for me, a girl of 12, it was a discovery. An awakening.

Twenty years passed and now there are forty little eyes staring at my wild musical-note shirts as I greet them with a joyful, “Good morning, class!” I wonder if my students wait and wonder what crazy music clothes I will wear each day.

I glance at my 2015 Teacher of the Year Award, which I received for being a dynamic teacher And I smile to myself, wondering which child in front of me will carry this on－as I've carried on the legacy（遗产）of Mr. Miller.

One teacher, who dared to be different and open new worlds to kids like me, threw the significant stone into the pond of my life. I pray the ripples（涟漪）never end. （1）What can we infer about Mr. Miller?

A. He was an animal protector. B. He didn't take his work seriously.

C. He often dressed up in an unusual way. D. He often asked his students burning questions. （2）How did the author react to the song “If I Had a Hammer”?

A. Puzzled. B. Disappointed. C. Uninterested. D. Excited.

（3）What does the underlined word “this” in the text refer to?

A. A kind heart. B. The smile. C. A gift for music. D. The love for teaching. （4）What is the author's purpose in writing this text?

A. To prove her love for music. B. To show a teacher's effect on her. C. To call on students to take up teaching. D. To share her experience in music learning. 【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】文章通过自己的经历讲述了老师对自己的影响。

（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段可知作者的老师系了个绿色的大象领结来搭配他的大象咖啡杯，再根据第三段He was strange and unique and he brightened every day for us. He was the most dynamic teacher I had ever met.可以推断出他经常打扮地与众不同。故答案为C。 （2）细节理解题。根据第四段I loved music, so I remember how excited I was when he said he was going to give us music lessons.可知，作者很兴奋。故答案为D。

（3）词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段I glance at my 2015 Teacher of the Year Award, which I received for being a dynamic teacher And I smile to myself, wondering which child in front of me will carry this on—as I've carried on the legacy (遗产) of Mr. Miller.可知，作者想知道哪位学生能像自己一样把老师对自己的影响---对教学的热爱继续下去。故答案为D。

（4）写作意图。文章前几段介绍了作者的老师对自己的影响，6，7，8段讲到自己作为老师也希望呢个向老师一样自己能对学生产生影响。所以，文章的写作意图是为了表明老师对自己的影响。故答案为B。 【点评】写作意图、目的、态度推断题

作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。主要命题为：1）询问写作目的的题， 2）询问语气态度的题。

5．阅读理解

Spider monkeys have long, thin arms with hook like hands that allow them to swing through the trees. They do not have opposable thumbs(对生拇指).

The brown-headed spider monkey has a prehensile(缠绕性的)tail, which means it can grasp and can be used like a fifth leg to grab trees. During the day, the spider monkey searches for fruits, which make up the main part of its diet. They will also eat flowers, seeds, leaves, and small insects during the dry season when fruits aren't available. They spend most of the daylight hours climbing and swinging through the high branches of trees.

The brown-headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about 20 to 100 male and female monkeys. They split into smaller groups for feeding. Females usually give birth to only a single baby each year or two. Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs until about 16 weeks old. Then they are strong enough to ride on their mothers' backs. All brown-headed spider monkey babies are born with a pink face and ears.

Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very

intelligent and have strong memories. They were named spider monkeys because they look like spiders as they hang upside down from their tails with arms and legs swinging. Their genus (属)name is Ateles, which means “imperfect”. This refers to the fact that they don't have thumbs. Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years. （1）Spider monkeys live mostly on ________.

A. insects B. fruits C. flowers D. leaves （2）What can we learn about spider monkeys?

A. They have five legs B. They live in small groups C. Their tails can take their weight D. Their genus is the same as spiders' （3）What does the underlined word “barred” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Permitted B. Forbidden C. Encouraged D. Ignored （4）Where do newly-born spider monkeys stay?

A. In a large community B. In trees with high branches C. On their mothers' backs D. On their mothers' stomachs 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了蜘蛛猴。蜘蛛猴主要以水果为食，当水果不够时，也可以以花朵，种子，树叶和小昆虫为食。蜘蛛猴是群居动物，小蜘蛛猴挂在妈妈的腹部，直到它们16周大可以骑在妈妈的背上。但人类捕杀蜘蛛猴已经几百年了。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的\" The brown- headed spider monkey lives in a large community of about20to100 male and female monkeys.”这只棕色的蜘蛛猴生活在一个大的社区里,大约有20到100只雄性和雌性猴子,故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“ Spider monkeys hug each other and wrap their tails around each other. They are very intelligent and have strong memories.\"蜘蛛猴互相拥抱.互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明有很强的记忆。他们叫蛀蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蛀蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。可以推断出他们的尾巴可以承受他们的体重。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Hunting the brown-headed spider monkey is now barred in Ecuador, a country in northwestern South America, but humans have killed them for their meat for hundreds of years.”蜘蛛猴互相拥抱,互相用尾巴包围。他们非常聪明,有很强的记忆。他们叫蜘蛛猴是因为他们看起来像蜘蛛挂颠倒与胳膊和腿摆动尾巴。故选B。 （4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Young monkeys are carried on their mothers' stomachs until about 16 weeks old.”意思是“年轻的猴子是在母亲的肚子直到16周大。”故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

Best Smartphone Games To Put Your Brain To Test

I am a fan of blood shedding MMORPGs. But sometimes I play brain games. Here are four games for you that will surely put your brain to test. Real Chess

Chess has been bursting brains for over 14 centuries, and this virtual variant of chess really brings a new taste. It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world. You can chat with opponents, play with AI, get newbie tips and much more. The animations and 3D structures are really cool as well. Juice Cubes

Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levels. There are multiple types of challenges, powerups, and over 550+ levels to keep you addicted.

It might seem easy at the start, but it will burst your brain when you reach higher levels. WordBrain 2

A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided. Each word puzzle has a theme category, such as food, human body, color, or even space. And you can also use hints to solve the level when you get stuck. Your vocabulary is sure to be challenged in it. Puzzlerama

Puzzlerama basically joins some of the top puzzles in one single app, making it a perfect app for puzzle lovers. It lets you play popular puzzle games such as flow, jigsaw, unblock, pipes, tangram, and more. There are hundreds of levels available for each puzzle type and things get really tough as you advance.

The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play. （1）What is special about Real chess?

A. It is a light and colorful game. B. It is a funny word game. C. It is a 3D virtual chess game. D. It has hundreds of levels. （2）If you're good at guessing words, which game is the best choice?

A. Real Chess. B. Juice Cubes. C. WordBrain 2. D. Puzzlerama. （3）Which games are likey to have bright and different colors in the interface design? A. Real Chess&WordBrain 2 B. Juice Cubes & WordBrain 2 C. WordBrain 2 & Puzzlerama D. Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes 【答案】（1）C （2）C （3）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种游戏测试你的大脑。

（1）考查细节理解。根据Real Chess部分中的“It's a 3D virtual chess that lets you play with users from all around the world.“可知，Real chess是一个3D虚拟象棋游戏。故选C。 （2）考查细节理解。根据WordBrain 2部分中的“A really fun word game where you need to guess words based on the number of letters provided.”可知，如果你擅长猜词，最好的选择就是WordBrain 2。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据Juice Cubes部分中的“Juice Cubes is a light and colorful game full of fruity juice cubes that you need to connect to pop and clear levls”和Puzzlerama部分中的“The game interface is also very colorful, and smooth animations make the game fun to play.”可知，Puzzlerama & Juice Cubes有鲜艳、不同的颜色。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.

Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field. After all, you're more likely to listen to advice about how to take care of your teeth from a dentist than a fireman.

Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions. For example, a politician who is trying to convince an audience to vote for him might say that he alone can save the country from a terrible war. These words are intended to fill the audience with fear, thus making them want to vote for him. Similarly, an animal charity might show an audience pictures of injured dogs and cats to make thee viewers feel pity, so they will be more likely to donate money. Logos is the use of facts, statistics or other evidence to support your argument. An audience will believe you if you have convincing data to back up your claims. Presenting this evidence is much more persuasive than simply saying “believe me”.

Although ethos, pathos and logos all have their strengths, they are often most effective when used together. So, the next time you listen to a speech, watch a commercial or listen to a friend try to convince you to lend him some money, be on the lookout for these ancient Greek tools of persuasion.

（1）What is the purpose of persuasion?

A. To advise somebody to support you. B. To help someone have special skills. C. To convince somebody to realize his aim. D. To talk someone into being honest. （2）What is a speaker's way of convincing the audience to trust him?

A. Pathos. B. Ethos. C. Logos. D. Education. （3）What do a politician and an animal charity have in common?

A. Both prevent themselves from being hurt. B. Both save people from terrible wars. C. Both make the audience support them. D. Both persuade people to donate money. （4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A. Convince the Audience B. Three Basic Tools of Persuasion C. Believe Me D. Strength of Persuasion 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，说服是一种说服某人同意你的艺术，有三种基本的说服方法：精神气质，悲情和理性。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish.”可知说服的目的是劝告一些人赞成你，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Ethos is a speaker's way of convincing the audience that he is trustworthy, honest and reliable. One common way a speaker can develop ethos is by explaining how much experience or education he has in the field.”可知说话者可以通过介绍自己的经验以及自己在这个领域所受的教育，也就是Ethos，来让听众相信他，故选B。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Pathos is a speaker's way of connecting with an audience's emotions.”可知一位政治家和一个动物慈善团体的共同之处就是让听众支持他们，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据主题句“Persuasion is to convince someone to agree with you, just like art which also calls for special techniques to accomplish. According to the ancient Greeks, there are three basic tools of persuasion: ethos, pathos and logos.”可知这篇文章主要介绍了劝说的三个基本方法，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

83-year-old Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his life fighting against the trend. As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for profitable plantations(种植园) and cattle grounds, he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood back to life.

\"When I was a child, the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal, and the water dried up and did not come back,\" he told the reporters, \"I thought: 'Water is valuable, no one makes water and the population will not stop growing. What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.'\"

With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers, Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life, and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle, surrounded by rats and foxes, and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast, lunch and dinner. Over the last 40 years, he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest, and a haven for wildlife.

As the forest grew, the water returned, and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water, sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it. Then the animals started making a home there. Today, the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there, and more species are settling in every year.

\"There are toucans(巨嘴鸟), all kinds of birds, squirrels, lizards, and even the boars are

returning,\" 83-year-old Vicente says, \"If you ask me who my family are, I would say all this right here, each one of these that I planted from a seed.\" （1）What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants?

A. They wasted much water on farming. B. They focused on short-term profits.

C. They cared much about the environment. D. They relied heavily on rainforests for a living. （2）What used to be young Antonio's biggest concern?

A. Overpopulation. B. Polluted water. C. Loss of grasslands. D. Water shortage. （3）What does the underlined word \"haven\" in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Trap B. Disaster C. Shelter D. Balance （4）In the last paragraph, Antonio mainly expresses his . A. affection for his forest B. thanks for his family C. deep love for rare birds D. pride as a successful farmer 【答案】（1）B （2）D （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，83岁的安东尼奥•比森特在他生命的最后40年里一直在与这种趋势作斗争，他努力使童年的丛林恢复生机。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“When I was a child, the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal, and the water dried up and did not come back,”--- What is going to happen? We are going to run out of water.'”可知Brazilian的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Antonio Vicente set about bringing back the forest to his land. What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of life”，可知年轻的Antonio最大的关注是水的短缺。故选D。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Over the last 40 years, he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31-hectare land, which now make up a small but unique area of rainforest, and a haven for wildlife.”在最近40年，他在31公顷土地上种植了大约50,000棵树，目前虽小但独特的热带雨林地区是野生动物的天堂。由此推知划线的意思是“遮蔽”，故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“There are toucans（巨嘴鸟）, all kinds of birds, squirrels, lizards, and even the boars are returning,” 83-year-old Vicente says. “If you ask me who my family are, I would say all this right here, each one of these that I planted from a seed.”可推知Antonio主要在表达他对森林的影响。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory (感官的) retail that companies use. Sounds and

smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.

Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower shop when the smell of lavender (薰衣草) was given off and when it wasn't. It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases. An earlier study using Nike shoes found that consumers desired the shoes more, and were willing to pay more, when the room had a mixed smell of flowers. Realizing the subconscious impact of smell, many stores apply artificial scents (气味) through their heating and air-conditioning vents (通风口) or place scent machines above their doors. For instance, a coconut scent might make that bikini more appealing as you long for a vacation.

Ever felt frenzied due to a store's fast-paced music? Or calmed by a piece of light music? A retailer's choice of music can have a big impact on consumers' moods. One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store. But interestingly, the researchers did not find a difference in sales or customers' satisfaction. Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music. Just as department stores use different scents in certain departments, many use different music in some areas to appeal to varying consumers.

Well, you could always leave the store and take a break, but the food court probably isn't your best choices as brands like Cinnabon and Panera Bread also use scents as part of their customers' experience. Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home. （1）The passage is mainly about ________. A. consumers' favorite sounds and smells while shopping B. shopping malls' strategies for satisfying consumers C. some special services from super shopping malls D. two factors affecting consumers' shopping decisions （2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A. Decorating stores with flowers becomes a fashion. B. Shops with special smells can attract more consumers. C. Smells can actually help businessmen gain more profits. D. The products with a kind of special smell are more popular. （3）How does music have an effect on consumers? A. It controls consumers' desire for shopping. B. It influences how long consumers stay in a shop. C. It gives consumers the satisfaction of enjoying shopping. D. Whether consumers are willing to buy things depends on it.

（4）Which of the following can replace the underlined word “frenzied” in Paragraph 3? A. Satisfied. B. Depressed. C. Surprised. D. Excited. （5）What does the writer try to express in the last paragraph? A. Online shopping is becoming more and more popular nowadays. B. People should spend more time at home with family members.

C. People can choose to get rid of salesmen's promotion strategies. D. Smells and sounds are important for consumers' shopping experience. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C （3）B （4）D （5）C

【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。 （1）主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.（声音和气味也会影响消费者的购买决定）及下文对这两个因素的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了影响消费者购物决定的两个因素。故答案选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段中的It found that the smell increased the number of consumers' purchasing items and the amount of their purchases.（研究发现，这种气味增加了消费者购买物品的数量和购买量）可推知，气味实际上可以帮助商人获得更多的利润。故答案选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的One study found that when subjected to loud music, consumers will spend less time in a store…Another interesting finding from a recent study was that customers actually shop longer when exposed to unfamiliar music.（研究发现，当音乐音量过大时，消费者在商店里的时间会减少……最近一项研究的另一个有趣发现是，当顾客接触到不熟悉的音乐时，他们的购物时间实际上更长）可知，音乐会影响消费者在商店里停留的时间。故答案选B。

（4）词义猜测题。A. Satisfied满意的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Surprised吃惊的；D. Excited兴奋的。根据第三段中的Or calmed by a piece of light music?（还是听着轻音乐平静下来?）可知，划线词所在句意为“有没有因为商店里快节奏的音乐而感到疯狂?”，由此推知，划线词意为“疯狂的”，疯狂是一种兴奋的状态。故答案选D。

（5）推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Online retailers (零售商) use a variety of other strategies to get your business, but you can always neglect those and enjoy the familiar scents of home.（网上零售商使用各种各样的策略来获得你的生意，但你可以忽略这些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告诉人们，我们可以选择摆脱销售员的促销策略。故答案选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

“Years ago when I was at the Grand Canyon, I remembered someone coming up to the canyon's edge, taking a shot with a camera and then walking away, like 'got it – done', barely even glancing at the magnificent scene in front of him,” Linda Henkel, a scientist at Fairfield University, US told Live Science.

Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (痴迷的) people are with taking pictures these days - before dinner, during friends' birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.

They keep taking pictures because they think that it helps record the moment, but as Henkel's latest study has just found out, this obsession may prevent their brains remembering what actually happened, reported The Guardian.

In her study, Henkel led a group of college students around a museum and asked them to simply observe 15 objects and photograph 15 others. The next day the students' memory of the tour was tested, and the results showed that they were less accurate in recognizing the objects and they remembered fewer details about them if they photographed them.

''When people rely on technology to remember them — counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves, it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explained.

But there is also an exception: if students zoomed in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved, and those who focused the lens (镜头) on a specific area could even recall parts that weren't in the frame.

So basically, this study is saying that constantly taking pictures can harm your memory. But shouldn't reviewing pictures we have taken help wake up our memories? This is true, but only if we spend enough time doing it.

“In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just collect them,” Henkel told The Telegraph. However, previous research has shown that most people never take the time to look over their digital pictures simply because there are too many of them and they aren't usually very organized on their computers.

（1）Why did the author mention Henkel's trip to the Grand Canyon at the beginning? A. To complain about some tourists' bad habits. B. To give suggestions on how to enjoy one's tour.

C. To point out people's obsession with taking pictures. D. To describe the beautiful view of the Grand Canyon.

（2）What can we learn from Henkel's study?

A. Reviewing pictures always helps people bring back memories easily. B. Taking pictures in a museum tour helps students recognize objects better.

C. People should spend more time taking pictures than studying real objects. D. Pictures focusing on the details of objects probably improve people's memories.

（3）The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to “________”. A. the camera B. technology C. the event D. an object （4）What is the article mainly about?

A. People's obsession with taking pictures and its influence. B. Possible ways of using pictures to improve one's memory.

C. Great harm to memory caused by taking pictures constantly. D. A believable study into the negative impact of lining cameras often. 【答案】（1）C （2）D

（3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人们都有拍照的喜好，拍照有助于我们记忆。但是如果我们只是简单地记录下来，而不去欣赏的话，也就没有什么意义，还不如不去拍照。 (1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (着迷的) people are with taking pictures these days – before dinner, during friends birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.”可知，在文中提到Henkel对人们执迷于拍照的惊讶，以此来说明一种现象：人们执迷于拍照的现象。故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But there is also an exception: if students zoomed (缩放) in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved”可知，在拍照时，如果只关注某个细节，可能有助于他们记忆的提高。故选D。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“When people rely on technology to remember them 一 counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves” 前面说人们要依靠技术来记住它们时，要依靠照相机来记录事件，那么就完全不需要关注这个事件了。可知，本句是说如果你要用相机来记录事件，就不需要来关注这个它（事件）。故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文主要叙述现代人痴迷于拍照，是因为拍照有助于记录某一时刻，但不利于他们的记忆。如果放大拍摄对象或拍下来后再欣赏的话就有助于记忆或回忆。即本文主要介绍痴迷拍照及其影响。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

11．阅读理解

Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the world's oceans. A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish. And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem. “Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom, and that remains on the surface actually breaks down. ”

The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres, the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacifc Oceans, home of what some have plastic. What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water. And in some parts of the oceans, scientists have found more plastic than plant. ”

The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain, sometimes visibly, and more so at the microscopic level, where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. “There are heavy metals, medicines, industrial waste in the sea, while it acts like magnets(磁铁). These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics, those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues. ”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters. The United States, although a leader in recycling, is one of the world's 20 since it produces and

consumes so much plastic. There are efforts around the world to address the problem, including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩). But Andersen says there is more that people can do. “Cut back on single-use plastics, straws, plastic cups, plastic water bottles, plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.” She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.

（1）What can we learn from the passage? A. There's all island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific. B. The bad effect of plastic pollution can't be seen by eyes. C. The United States is the least plastic polluters.

D. The plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see. （2）What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3? A. Pollutants like heavy metals and medicines. B. The plastic particles. C. Seafood. D. Fatty tissues. （3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. All Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution. B. The plastic problem hasn't attracted the world's attention.

C. Andersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem, D. People should stop using plastic products immediately. （4）Which may be the title of the passage? A. Plastic pollution in the World. B. Plastic pollution—Oceans'Disaster.

C. Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceans. D. Plastic pollution and our health. 【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）C （4）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段第三句：And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem. 可知，塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说，我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选D。

（2）词义猜测题。根据The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. \"There are heavy metals，medicines，industrial waste in the sea，while it acts like magnets（磁铁）. 可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用. 海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其像磁铁一样. it指代的是塑料颗粒。故选B。

（3）推理判断题。根据But Andersen says there is more that people can do. \"Cut back on single-use plastics，straws，plastic cups，plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find

alternatives like reusable materials. \"She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival. 可知，安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染，可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。故选C。

（4）主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

12．阅读理解

Michele Gentile, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle.

Michele owns Ex Libris Cafe in Polla, a small town in southern Italy. He said he thought of the recycling program because he wanted to inspire children in the small town to read and pay attention to the environment.

\"My goal is t0 spread the passion and love for books among those people in Italy who do not usually read while at the time helping the environment,\" Gentile explained.

The idea for the initiative (倡议) came after Gentile collaborated with a nearby middle school on an aluminum recycling project. Working together, the schoolchildren and Gentile collected enough cans to purchase books for an entire classroom. His new program too off from there and has already spread into northern Italy: Gentile's hopes his work will continue to make headlines and become a worldwide initiative.

The free books come from customers in Gentile's shop who have donated money to purchase a \"suspended\" book. The idea comes from a World War II practice in which customers would buy two Coffees: one for themselves and another for the next person in line. Gentile has been using the extra books as part of his recycling initiative,

While Gentile's program is a great way to recycle and get kids to read, it also brings awareness to the growing problem of plastic waste. Single-use plastics make up around 26 percent of all the plastics in the world, only 14 percent of which are recycled. Plastics that end up in landfills take around 500 years to decompose (分解), is a major concern for environmentalists.

Cutting down on plastic waste is important if we want to better the environment for future generations, and recycling programs like Gentile's book giveaway are a great way to meet that goal.

（1）What is the purpose of Gentile's book giveaway? A.To sell more coffee and books. B.To attract more customers. C.To collect money for a new project. D.To inspire reading and recycling.

（2）How did Gentile come up with the idea? A.Working with a school to recycle cans.

B.Seeing school kids don't like reading. C.Donating books for a local school. D.Buying a “suspended” book for a child. （3）Who pay for the books of the project? A.The local government. B.Gentile himself. C.Some publishers. D.His customers.

（4）Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.An Italian's Reading Initiative B.Recycling Can Get Kids Free Books C.Michele's Way of Doing Business D.A New Way to Deal with Plastic Waste 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，意大利书商Michele Gentile发起了一项“拿瓶换书”的活动，只要孩子们拿一个塑料瓶和一个铝罐就可以跟他换一本书，以此来鼓励孩子们阅读和环保。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He said he thought of the recycling program, because he wanted to inspire children in the small town to read and pay attention to the environment. ”他说他想到了环保的项目，他想启发和鼓励这个小镇的孩子们阅读和关注环保)可知，Michele的目的是鼓励和启发孩子们阅读和环保。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The idea for the initiative (倡议) came after Gentile collaborated with a nearby middle school on an aluminum recycling project. ”这个倡议的想法是在和附近的一个中学合作铝回收项目之后产生的，可知，和一所中学合作铝回收的项目让Michele有了这个想法。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“The free books come from customers in Gentile's shop who have donated money to purchase a ''suspended\" book. ”这些免费图书来自于Gentile书店的顾客，他们捐钱买了一本“暂停使用”的书，可知，书店的顾客为图书付了钱。故选D。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Michele Gentile, an Italian bookseller, is offering free books to children in exchange for plastic bottles to recycle. ”一位名叫Michele Gentile的书商正在为孩子们提供可回收的塑料瓶可以换得的免费书籍，可知，本文主要讲述Michele Gentile让孩子通过可回收利用的塑料瓶来换免费书籍的故事。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

13．阅读理解

Valentine's Day is supposed to be about love and romance. But unfortunately, it can be just the

opposite. Because of that, Feb. 15th starts the busy season for divorce lawyers, as people who were unhappy with their marriages heading into the day often decide that they no longer want to be with the one they used to love.

A study of divorce filings (档案) in New York, Illinois and California by AttorneyFee. com, a legal referral (推荐) site, found that February is the busiest month of the year for divorce filings, up about 18% from the average month. And those seeking referrals for a divorce lawyer on the site increase 38% following the holiday, with the biggest rise on the day after Valentine's.

Another legal site, Avvo. com, reports a 40% increase in those seeking information and advice about divorce in the period right after Valentine's Day.

\"There's a very large number of people who are considering the divorce all the time, deciding whether or not to file,\" said Richard Komaiko, a co-founder of AttorneyFee. \"On Valentine's Day, this thing is carefully considered.\"

Komaiko said February has factors other than the holiday that could lead to an increase in divorces. January is the busiest month of the year for bankruptcy (破产) filings, highlighting the financial problems that often divide couples. In addition, the cold weather of February can keep couples that are having trouble indoors and closer to each other, adding to problems.

But Alton Abramowitz, president of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, believes the holiday itself often worsen the relationship for couples who are having trouble. \"There's always the clients who come in a day or two after saying 'I can't believe it. I made this beautiful dinner for my husband for Valentine's Day, but he called to say he was stuck in the office and then didn't come home at all.'\" Abramowitz said, \"the day can create problems that lead to them finally getting caught.\"

（1）What makes Valentine's Day convey the meaning opposite to love and romance? A. Valentine's Day won't bring people love and romance. B. Many divorce filings change the nature of Valentine's Day. C. Couples having troubles tend to break up after Valentine's Day. D. Divorce lawyers dislike the atmosphere of Valentine's Day.

（2）According to the study made by AttorneyFee. com, divorce filings are ________. A. occurring most after the new year B. less connected with Valentine's Day C. more likely to be handled online D. at the height of popularity in February （3）People intending to divorce may make use of Valentine's Day to ________. A.reflect on the divorce B.take legal action C.make negotiations D.put the divorce aside

（4）According to Komaiko why do divorces grow in number in February? A.Because financial problems and cold weather may bring more problems. B.Because the long winter holiday makes couples hard to get through. C.Because the husband is too busy with work to spend the day with his wife. D.Because Valentine's Day gets couples into financial trouble. 【答案】 （1）C

（2）D （3）A （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，情人节本该是爱和浪漫的日子，但是在2月份，离婚申请增加，咨询离婚律师的人也增多。除了假期的原因之外，每年1月份是申请破产最忙的一个月，夫妻之间出现财务问题；2月份寒冷的天气让夫妻在室内呆的时间更长，这些都增加了提出离婚申请的机率。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“people who were unhappy with their marriages heading into the day often decide that they no longer want to be with the one they used to love”可知，情人节本该是关于爱和浪漫的日子，但是在情人节那天因为那些对自己的婚姻感到不愉快的人往往会决定不再想和他们曾经爱过的人在一起，在情人节后分手。因此推断有问题的夫妇在情人节之后往往会分手。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“February is the busiest month of the year for divorce filings, up about 18% from the average month. And those seeking referrals for a divorce lawyer on the site increase 38% following the holiday, with the biggest rise on the day after Valentine's ”2月份是一年中提交离婚申请最忙的月份，比平均月份增长了约18%。而那些在网站上寻求离婚律师推荐的人在假期后增加了38%，这是情人节后的最大涨幅，可知，2月份在情人节后提交离婚申请达到高峰期。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“There's a very large number of people who are considering the divorce all the time, deciding whether or not to file 和On Valentine's Day, this thing is carefully considered”可知，有很多人一直在考虑离婚。在情人节的时候，可以慎重考虑是否提交离婚申请。故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“January is the busiest month of the year for bankruptcy (破产) filings, highlighting the financial problems 和 the cold weather of February can keep couples that are having trouble indoors and closer to each other, adding to problems”可知，2月份离婚率增加有两个原因： 一月份是一年中申请破产最忙的一个月，凸显了夫妻间的财务问题；2月的寒冷天气让有问题的夫妻呆在室内时间更长，距离更近，从而增加了问题。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

14．阅读理解

Automatic dishwashers have been around for more than 100 years. It started in 1886 with Josephine Cochrane, a woman in Shelbyville, Illinois. She was a rich woman who could afford servants to wash her dishes, so she really didn't mind the work. What she did mind was that her servants broke the dishes. She hosted quite a few dinner parties, and after every party the servants broke more of her expensive dishes.

Finally, Cochrane took action. First, she measured her dishes and bent wire into racks to hold them. Next, she put the racks on a wheel in a large copper boiler. Then, the boiler sprayed hot, soapy water on the dishes as a motor turned the wheel. After a hot water rinse(冲洗), the dishes

were clean!

Josephine Cochrane's friends were impressed with the machine and asked her to build more. After that, word got out fast. Soon hotel and restaurant owners who didn't like broken dishes also were interested. Cochrane then knew that she had a wonderful machine, so she received a patent from the government, which said that only the inventor can make money from an invention. Then in 1893 Chicago held a World's Fair where inventions from all over the world were shown. Cochrane's labor-saving machine was a big hit. Her dishwasher won the highest award.

Cochrane's company came out with a smaller machine in 1914. It was supposed to be for the ordinary home, but it wasn't an immediate success. Many homes couldn't produce the extremely hot water it needed. Also, in most homes, dishwashing wasn't considered very difficult compared to most other housework. In fact some people liked to relax at the sink after a hard day! Sales of the home model finally picked up in the 1950s when people had more money and wanted to have more time to enjoy themselves. Now many homes have electric dishwashers that aren't very different from the one Josephine Cochrane invented more than 100 years ago. （1）Why did Josephine Cochrane invent the dishwasher? A.To reduce the number of servants. B.To avoid possible damage to the dishes. C.To host more dinner parties. D.To make the dishes cleaner.

（2）What does the underlined words in Paragraph 3 suggest? A.The machine wasn't as efficient as described. B.Josephine Cochrane could no longer keep it a secret. C.Josephine's friends soon began to talk about the new machine. D.The invention drew immediate attention of the public.

（3）The smaller machine became popular only when_____. A.people's living conditions improved B.hot water was not needed C.housework became easier D.people had more relaxing jobs

（4）Compared with Cochrane's invention, modern electric dishwashers _____. A.cost less money B.are quite different C.wash many other things D.are much the same 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）A （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了自动洗碗机的历史由来。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“What she did mind was that her servants broke the

dishes. She hosted quite a few dinner parties, and after every party the servants broke more of her expensive dishes. ”她所介意的是她的仆人打破了餐具。她举办了几次宴会，每次宴会之后，仆人们都打破了她昂贵的餐具。为了避免打破她的餐具，后来Josephine Cochrane发明了自动洗碗机，故选B。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Josephine Cochrane's friends were impressed with the machine and asked her to build more. ”Josephine Cochrane的朋友们对这台机器印象深刻，并要求她建造更多；以及“Soon hotel and restaurant owners who didn't like broken dishes also were interested. ”不久，不喜欢打破餐具的酒店和餐馆老板也对这个机器感兴趣。根据划线句子的前后两句可以推断Josephine Cochrane发明自动洗碗机的消息传播的很快，也就表明了The invention drew immediate attention of the public 这项发明立即引起了公众的注意。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Sales of the home model finally picked up in the 1950s when people had more money and wanted to have more time to enjoy themselves. ”在20世纪50年代，当人们有更多的钱，希望有更多的时间来享受时，这种家用模式的销售终于恢复了。也就是人们的生活条件提高了，自动洗碗机才流行起来，故选A。

（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Now many homes have electric dishwashers that aren't very different from the one Josephine Cochrane invented more than 100 years ago. ”现在，许多家庭都有电动洗碗机，与100多年前 Josephine Cochrane发明的洗碗机没有太大的不同，因此现代洗碗机和Josephine Cochrane发明的洗碗机几乎一样，故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

15．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

The recession (衰退) of 2008-09 was remarkable in rich countries for its intensity, the following recovery for its weakness. The labour market has also broken the rules, as new research from the OECD, a think-tank of mainly rich countries, shows in its annual Employment Outlook.

Young people always suffer in recessions. Employers stop hiring them; and they often get rid of new recruits because they are easier to dismiss. But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups.

The researchers focus on movements in \"non-employment\" as a share of the total population in three age groups between the final quarters of 2007 and 2012. This measure has the advantage of including not just unemployment, where people are looking for work, but also inactivity, where people are not seeking jobs. Whereas the average non-employment rate in the OECD has risen by four percentage points among young people and by one-and-a-half points among 25-to 54-year-olds, it has fallen by two points among the 55-64 age group.

Why have older employees done so well? In some southern European countries they benefit from job protection not afforded to younger workers, but that did not really help them in past

recessions. What has changed, says Stefano Scarpetta, head of the OECD's employment directorate, is that firms now bear the full costs of getting rid of older staff. In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped. Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded. First, it is a fallacy that a job gained for one person is a job lost for another; there is no fixed amount of work. And second, as the report shows, young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation: younger people are keen on IT firms, for example, whereas older folk tend to be employed in more traditional industries. There are plenty of things that should be done to help the young jobless, but kicking older workers out of the workplace is not one of them.

（1）By saying \"The labour market has also broken the rules\ A. young employees were protected by the government B. young employees suffered moderately in labour market C. old employees suffered very little in the labour market D. The recession had little impact on labour market

（2）What do we know about \"early-retirement policies\" mentioned in the 4thparagraph? A. They proved to be little use and nearly no longer in effect. B. They have effectively helped young employees. C. They financially supported the elderly people.

D. They have gain popularity in southern European countries.

（3）The word \"fallacy\" (in the last paragraph) probably means \"______\".

A. common belief B. wrong concept C. acceptable assumption D. wise statement （4）Which of the following might the author agree with? A. Early-retirement policies should have been well adoptedby governments. B. Young people should be encouraged into traditional industries.

C. Supportive policies should be made to help elderly people when crisis occurs. D. Old people's remaining in jobs doesn't necessarily threaten young people's jobs. 【答案】 （1）C （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究显示2008年金融危机期间以及此后，老员工的表现都优于其他年龄段的人，很多人会认为，老员工做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为代价的，事实上这种观点是错误的。

（1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的\"But in previous episodes, such as the recessions of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, older workers were also kicked off. This time is different. During the financial crisis in 2008, and since, they have done better than other age groups.\"可知，在上世纪70年代、80年代和90年代的经济衰退中，老员工也被解雇了，但这次不一样了，2008年金融危机期间以及此后，他们的表现都优于其他年龄段的人，可知，作者所说的\"劳动力市场也违反了规则\"的意思是老员工在劳动力市场上受的影响很小（没有被解雇），故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的\"In the past, early-retirement policies provided by governments (in the mistaken belief that these would help young people) made it cheaper to push grey-haired workers out of the door. These have largely stopped\"可知，过去，政府的提前退休政策（错误地认为这些政策有助于年轻人）使得把老员工赶出家门的成本更低，现在这些政策已经基本上停止了，由此可知，事实证明，提前退休政策的用处不大，而且几乎不再有效了，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的\"Many will argue that older workers have done better at the expense of the young. That view is wrongheaded.\"可知，很多人会认为，老员工做得更好是以牺牲年轻员工为代价的。这种观点是错误的，此处解释为什么这种观点是错误的，说的是认为一个人得到的工作就是另一个人失去的工作本身就是一种谬论，由此可知画线词词义为\"错误的观念\"，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\"young and old people are by and large not substitutes in the workplace. They do different types of work in different types of occupation\"可知，在工作场所，年轻人和老年人基本上不是替换关系，他们在不同的行业做不同的工作，由此可知，作者会同意老年人留在工作岗位上不一定会威胁到年轻人的工作，故选D。

【点评本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和句义猜测四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

16．阅读理解

LOS ANGELES — Kobe Bryant is a winner in retirement, too. The former Los Angeles Lakers star won an Oscar in the animated short category for \"Dear Basketball,\" a poem he wrote after ending his 20-year career on the court in 2016.

He'll add it to an already jammed trophy collection that includes five NBA championships with the Lakers, two Olympic gold medals, NBA Finals most valuable player awards, a league MVP award and four All-Star game MVP awards.

As executive producer, Bryant accepted his golden Oscar statue from \"Star Wars\" star Mark Hamill on Sunday night. He shared the award with Disney animator Glen Keane.

Among those offering their congratulations via Twitter were Hall of Famers Magic Johnson, Bill Russell and Shaquille O'Neal, Bryant's former Lakers teammate who admitted, \"I'm jealous!\" Since hanging up his basketball shoes, Bryant has thrown himself into business (a new Nike shoe) and various forms of storytelling.

\"As basketball players, we're told to shut up and dribble,\" Bryant said on stage. \"I'm glad we did a little bit more than that.\"

He thanked his wife, Vanessa, and his three daughters, naming each of them. He spoke a few words of Italian — a language he learned as a child growing up in Italy — and closed by telling them, \"You are my inspiration.\"

（1）According to the passage, Kobe Bryant won the Oscar because of_________. A. his taking part in the animation movie B. his famous reputation in basketball

C. his poem written after his former career D. his winning in the animated short category （2）Which of the following can replace the underlined word \"trophy\"?

A. award B. present C. harvest D. possession （3）Where is the passage most probably taken from?

A. A personal diary B. A science report C. A newspaper D. A textbook 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，洛杉矶-科比也是一个退休的胜利者。退役后的科比仍然在不断刷新自己的奖牌数量，这位前洛杉矶湖人球星因《亲爱的篮球》获得了动画短片奖。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The former Los Angeles Lakers star won an Oscar in the animated short category for ‘Dear Basketball,’ a poem he wrote after ending his 20-year career on the court in 2016.”得知科比的获奖原因是一首他写的诗。故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“…includes five NBA championships with the Lakers, two Olympic gold medals, NBA Finals most valuable player awards, a league MVP award and four All-Star game MVP awards.”可知这里在讲科比获得的各种奖项。故选A。

（3）考查文章出处。根据新闻报道的特点，一般报道的开头是大写的地方名，并且第一段将报道的主要内容呈现。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和文章出处三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

17．阅读理解

One of the biggest problems when we are talking is the awkward silence. Encountering this situation is so uncomfortable that you would avoid meeting new people in the first place. In the past, I struggled with this and I even thought it had to do with my DNA or something… But later I learned that once you know how to keep those words flowing, you can meet and talk to anyone you like, which helps create great possibilities for friendship, fun and shared activities that you would otherwise have missed out on.

After studying this in depth, I had different opinions and found that one of these common behaviors is the habit of filtering (过滤)--holding back from saying something until you've \"checked\" to make sure that what you're about to say is cool, impressive and interesting. Another problem is not learning to get in the mood for conversation. If you don't know how to change from subjects, then it can take a lot of time to warm up.

It is the reflex (习惯性思维) that allows you to say whatever goes on in your mind. It's fun to realize that you're allowed to say whatever is on your mind. As long as you don't say anything that could land you in jail (监狱).

All of the \"Oh! That's interesting…\" \"Hmm, I've never heard of that\" \"Hmm, cool!\" expressions are reactionary (保守的) bits of conversation that prove to the other person that you're really listening. This works 99% of the time. So, if you show some interest, they'll hang around and want

to talk to you even more.

Everyone knows that stories juice-up conversations, but most people only talk about stories of their own lives. When someone mentions something related to any of them, just tell the story, even if it's not from your life. The more interesting, stranger or more frightening they are, the harder they are to forget.

（1）If people can deal with the awkward silence, they can . A. train their working skill B. improve their life quality C. enrich their social life D. establish their working relationship （2）When talking with others, we should .

A. feel nervous B. think twice C. be free to express D. avoid breaking in （3）According to the passage, what do the speakers care much about? A. The attractive topics of conversation. B. The atmosphere of the conversation. C. The listener's experiences and tastes. D. The listener's curiosity and concern. （4）What does the underlined part \"juice-up conversations\" mean? A. making conversations more boring B. making conversations livelier C. making conversations smoother D. making conversations more relaxing 【答案】（1）C （2）C （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文本文是一篇议论文，我们谈话时最大的问题之一是尴尬的沉默。遇到这种情况是很不舒服的。作者就这一论点表达了自己的观点。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“But later I learned that once you know how to keep those words flowing, you can meet and talk to anyone you like, which helps create great possibilities for friendship, fun and shared activities”可知如果在谈话时能打破尴尬的沉默，知道说什么，怎么说，就能为友谊，乐趣和共享活动创造巨大的可能性，就能丰富社交生活。故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“It is the reflex (习惯性思维) that allows you to say whatever goes on in your mind. It's fun to realize that you're allowed to say whatever is on your mind.”可知习惯性思维让我们表达我们内心所想，意识到你可以说出你心里想说的话，是很有趣的。所以在和别人交流时我们应该自由表达。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“All of the ‘Oh! That's interesting…’ ‘Hmm, I've never heard of that’ ‘Hmm, cool!‘ expressions are reactionary (保守的) bits of conversation that prove to the other person that you're really listening.和if you show some interest, they'll hang around and want to talk to you even more.”听者的赞美之词和他们有兴趣想了解更多的好奇心和关注，是说者最关心的。故选D。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“The more interesting, stranger or more frightening they are, the harder they are to forget.”可知故事越有趣或越惊险，就越吸引人，听者就越难忘记，这说明了故事在谈话中的重要性。划线词语所在的句子指每个人都知道故事会让对话变得生动有趣，“juice-up conversations”指让对话变得生动有趣，与B项同义。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

18．阅读理解

It was when I was walking to my office, trailed by three young people whose ages ranged from 16 to 25, flowing down the corridor behind me like the tail of a kite, that I thought of it for the first time.

This could be because I am not actually a mother. Until recently, I was not a \"real\" stepmother either. But I have been living with the man who is now my husband, Bernardo for 10 years and in those 10 years, not only have his younger daughters spent every other weekend and half of their school holiday with us but also his son has lived with us full-time. In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.

Being a step mum is hard enough but being a sort-of-step-mother is about the most awkward position a mature woman can find herself in. With my sort-of-steppies, I have occupied a place of influence, power and sometimes extreme anger by turns. I have stepped on a delicate path between being a grown-up friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority – but not too much.

Love the kids or hate them, you must always remember that no matter how much you cook, clean, hug, comfort and discipline, you will never actually count.

To survive, I trained myself to love the stepkids as hard as I could, but not to care. It's a handy piece of good mental health trickery I recommend to anyone in my position. I can help with homework, yes, but not bother about the results of that homework. I can teach them good manners, but not care about the bad habits they learn at home. Semi-detached is the position. （1）Which of the following is true about Bernardo?

A. Bernardo seldom cares about the kids. B. Bernardo dislikes living with his kids.

C. Bernardo respects the opinion of his kids. D. Bernardo doesn't recognize his wife as a \"real\" stepmother.

（2）What does the author think of her role in the family?

A. She was totally favored by the kids. B. She has acted as an enemy of the kids. C. She didn't have any influence in the family. D. She was the communication bridge between kids and their father.

（3）What's the author's advice for stepmothers in the last paragraph? A. Be partly engaged in kids' life. B. Care little about kids' behavior.

C. Seldom get involved in kids' homework. D. Become the absolute authority of the family. 【答案】（1）C （2）D （3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作为一个继母应该如何与孩子相处才是一个适当的度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“In fact, when Bernardo asked me to move in, he asked his son for permission first.”Bernardo再婚让妻子搬进家里，还要征求孩子们的同意，由此可

推断出Bernardo尊重孩子的意见。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“I have stepped on a delicate path between being a grown-up friend, a bridge of influence with their father, the woman of the house, and a figure of authority ...”我走上了一条微妙的道路，既是成年孩子的朋友，又是孩子与父亲的之间影响的桥梁，既是家里的女主人，又是权威人物…”故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It's a handy piece of good mental health trickery I recommend to anyone in my position. I can help with homework, yes, but not bother about the results of that homework. I can teach them good manners, but not care about the bad habits they learn at home. Semi-detached is the position.”可知，作者对于继母的建议就是部分地参与到孩子们的生活中。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

19．阅读理解

China's cancer researcher Zhu Chen, together with two French researchers Anne Dejean and Hugues de Thé, received Sjoberg Prize 2018 in Stockholm Concert Hall, Sweden on Friday. “We used wisdom from both Chinese and Western medicine and offered a cure to one of the most deadly cancers,” Chen told Xinhua, “I feel that Chinese medicine has potential to contribute more to human health. It struggles for benefiting all mankind. It's a language of peace, and of development and progress.” Chen recalled the cooperation with the two French researchers for over 30 years.

This year's Sjoberg winners have developed a new and targeted treatment for a specific form of blood cancer called acute promyelocytic leukaemia (急性早幼粒白血病). It was once one of the deadliest forms of cancer, but it is now possible to cure nine out of ten patients who receive the new treatment. The winners have made this revolutionary development possible by methodically mapping the molecular mechanisms responsible for the disease.

The Prize is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and is funded (资助)by the Sjoberg Foundation. The foundation, with a donation of 2.5 billion US dollars, was founded in 2016, and serves to promote scientific research that focuses on cancer, health and the environment.

The Prize is an annual international prize in cancer research awarded to individual researchers or research groups. The prize amounts to one million US dollars, of which 100,000US dollars is the prize sum and 900,000US dollars is funding for future research. （1）Zhu Chen was awarded Sjoberg Prize for the .

A. research into a language B. promotion of Chinese medicine C. treatment for a once fatal cancer D. cooperation with French researchers （2）What can we know about the Sjoberg Foundation?

A. It funds research in certain fields. B. It favors individual researchers. C. It donates 2.5 billion US dollars. D. It awards the prize annually. （3）What can the text be classified as?

A. A biography. B. A news report. C. A science fiction. D. An advertisement.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. New Cure for Cancer B. Breakthroughs to human health C. Great Contributions of Chinese Medicine D. Three Scientists Receiving Sjoberg Prize 【答案】（1）C （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，中国科学家Zhu Chen和另外两位法国科学家荣获舍贝里奖。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“We used wisdom from both Chinese and Western medicine and offered a cure to one of the most deadly cancers”解释了Zhu Chen和另外两位法国科学家获奖的原因。故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The foundation, with a donation of 2.5 billion US dollars, was founded in 2016, and serves to promote scientific research that focuses on cancer, health and the environment.”可知选A。

(3)考查推理判断。根据全文内容和文体特点而判断此文应该是一篇新闻报道。故选B。 (4)考查主旨大意。新闻报道主旨一般就在首段呈现。根据第一段“ China's cancer researcher Zhu Chen, together with two French researchers Anne Dejean and Hugues de Thé, received Sjoberg Prize 2018 in Stockholm Concert Hall, Sweden on Friday.”中国科学家Zhu Chen和另外两位法国科学家荣获舍贝里奖，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

20．阅读理解

Plants are boring. They just sit there photosynthesizing (光合作用) while animals have all the fun. Right? Not so much. A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants. The ant and plant co-evolution (协同进化) started with ants feeding on plants and plants evolving ant-friendly features.

Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use. Some plants have evolved features that persuade ants into defending them from attack from other insects and even mаmmаlѕ. Тhеѕе іnсludе hollow thorns that аntѕ will live іnѕіdе, or ехtra nесtаr (琼浆) оn lеаvеѕ or stems for the ants to eat. Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds. The ant will pick up the seed and carry it away, eat the food packet, and leave the seed - often in a nutrient-rich area where it'll grow better, and since it's farther away from its parent, they won't have to compete for resources.

But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got

started. If evolution is an arms race between species developing ways to make use of their neighbors, then scientists wanted to know whether plants or ants fired the first shot. It was a chicken-and-egg question, whether things started with ants developing behaviors to take advantage of plants, or plants evolving structures to take advantage of ants.

The history of ants and plants evolving together goes back to the time of the dinosaurs, and it's not easy to tell from fossils who fired the first shot. However, it is a question of little significance. Scientists say their study maters because it provides a look at how these widespread and complex interactions evolved.

（1）Some plants attach food packets to their seeds in order to . A.reward the ants B.make a fool of ants

C.provide nutrition for the seeds D.get the seeds moved around

（2）What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us? A.How plants and ants interact. B.What ants do to protect plants. C.How plants and ants survive attacks. D.Why plants and ants need co-evolution.

（3）Which is true about the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants? A.Ants depended more upon plants. B.It caused a race for better evolution. C.How it got started was uncertain. D.It was of little value for future studies.

（4）What's the author's purpose of writing the passage? A.To introduce a science research method. B.To inform readers of a latest research finding C.To arouse readers' interest in science research. D.To criticize people's traditional views about plants. 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现，蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。蚂蚁和植物的共同进化始于蚂蚁以植物为食，植物进化出对蚂蚁友好的特征。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”其他植物让蚂蚁帮助它们移动种子，方法是在种子上附加丰富的食物包。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Plants make a number of different structures that are specific for ant use.”植物有许多不同的结构，这些结构是专门为蚂蚁使用的；以及“Some ants will just cheat and take the nectar and run, but some will stick around and attack anything that tries to hurt the plant. Other plants get ants to help them move their seeds around, by

providing them with rich food packets attached to the seeds.”，有些蚂蚁会偷取花蜜逃跑，但有些会留下来攻击任何试图伤害植物的东西。其他植物让蚂蚁帮助它们移动种子，方法是在种子上附加丰富的食物包。可知，第二段主要讲了植物和蚂蚁如何互动，故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“But scientists weren't sure how the evolutionary relationship between ants and plants got started.”但是科学家们并不确定蚂蚁和植物之间的进化关系是如何开始的。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A new study has found that there is a long history of interactions between ants and plants.”一项新的研究发现，蚂蚁和植物之间的互动有着悠久的历史。是全文的主题句，由此推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者最新的研究结果，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。