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初中英语重要短语、惯用法(60组)

2022-12-29 来源:步旅网
初中英语重要短语、惯用法(60组)

1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车 get up 起床

get ready for 为...作准备 get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服

get in 进入,收集 get sb.sth. =get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物 get on/along well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好,...进展顺利

2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴 have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿 have a drink(of)... 喝一杯... have a cough/fever/headache/headache 咳嗽/发烧/头痛/胃痛 have a talk 听报告 have a meeting 开会 have lunch 吃午饭 have...for lunch 午饭吃... have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下 3. make mistakes 犯错误 mistake A for B 把A错认为B take sth. by mistake 错拿某物

4. make friends with 与...交朋友 make faces 做鬼脸 make a noise制造噪音 make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口 make a...sound 发...音 make tea 沏茶

make room for... 为...找出空间 make it 如期赴约;成功

make a team 组成一个队 Let’s make it half past one. 注意:时间前不用介词at 5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉... turn up/down 把...音量开大;出现,露脸 turn down 把...音量调小;拒绝 注意:当sth 是代词时,常放中间

6. try sth. on 试穿(衣、鞋、帽) 注意:当 sth 为it或them, 常放中间

try out 试验、尝试 try one’s best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do/try one’s best to do sth. try to do 尽力做 try doing sth 尝试做

7. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人 send sb sth=send sth to sb送给某人某物 send for sb. 派人去请某人 send up 发射 8. hear from sb 收到...的来信 hear of 听说

9. be famous/known for 因……而出名 be famous/known as以……而出名 be famous/known to sb 为某人所熟知

10. get to +名词 get +副词(不用to) reach+名词/副词 arrive in/at +大/小地点 (后接副词,不用at/in)

eg. get to Shanghai/reach Shanghai /arrive in Shanghai到达上海 eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家

11. teach sb. English 教某人英语 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学 12.到...末为止by the end of +过去时间 (用于过去完成时) by the end of +将来时间 (用于一般将来时)

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at the end of+地点 在...尽头 in the end= at last 最后,终于

13. hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 成百万的 注意:当hundred、 thousand、 millioin前有具体的数字出现时,不加s 不带of. 如:five hundred six thousand seven million

14. like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”,前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作.

试比较:Tom likes swimming, but doesn’t like to swim this afternoon.

15. be used for 被用来 be used as 被当作 be used by 被...所使用 used to do sth过去做…… be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做谋事 be used to do sth 被用来做谋事

16. so far 到目前为止, in the past/last few years 用于现在完成时 17. on a Tuesday morning 一个星期二的早上 in the morning在上午 如:on the morning of June 15th.2017 在2017年6月15日早上 18. keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直干某事 keep doing sth. 继续做某事

keep on doing sth. 持续不断地做某事

19. much too= very +形容词/副词原级 很;非常... too much+不可数名词/动词后 太多... too many+可数名词复数形式 太多……

eg. It’s _______ expensive. I can’t buy it. There’s ___________ rain this year. 20. thanks to...由于,多亏 thank you for=thank for因……而感谢 thanks to one’s help=because of one’s help 由于某人的帮忙 thanks for one’s help 谢谢某人的帮助

21. in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。

如:There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 22. because of + n. eg :Because of the rain, we can’t go out. because+从句 eg. Because it rains, we can’t go out. 23. two-month holiday=two months’ holiday 二个月的假期 an eight—year—old child 一个八岁的孩子

24. fall asleep 入睡(进入状态) feel asleep感到困倦

go to sleep 入睡 go to bed去睡觉(还没睡着)

25. stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事 eg. She stopped the child from listening. stop doing sth. 停止干某事,不再干某事 stop to do sth. 停止下来干另一件事。 26. hardly any +n. 几乎没有 never 从来没有... 27. It takes sb.some time to do sth.

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此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间。”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语。例如:

It took me half an hour to finish the hard work.完成这项艰巨的工作花了我半个小时。 ●It takes sb. some time to do sth.

●Sb. spend… on sth./(in) doing sth. Sb. pay…for sth. ●Sth. cost …

28. be afraid of+名词 担心、害怕...(因担心而不敢) be afraid to+动词 害怕...(因害怕不敢) be afraid that+从句 恐怕... 29. so+形容词 如:so strong so beautiful

 so + adj.+a/an +名词(单数)

 so+many/few +复数名词 so+ much/little+不可数名词  such + a/an+形容词+名词(单数)

 such+形容词+名词(复数或不可数) 如: such beautiful pictures  How + adj./adv. (+ 主语+谓语)! 如:How hard he works!  How+adj+a/an+名词单数(+ 主语+谓语)!  What a/an + adj. +名词单数(+ 主语+谓语)!  What + adj. +名词复数(+ 主语+谓语)!

注意:What + adj. +不可数名词(+ 主语+谓语)!凡是有a / an开头,多用what; 凡是adj直接

加名词的,多用what;其他一般用how. 如:What bad weather/music/news/water/advice it is!

30. feel like doing =want to do sth= would like to do sth想要做某事 31. be made/grown/produced 三个词的被动语态都可解释为“生产”

归类: 机器一类→make(制造) 盐.糖.丝绸→produce (经机器加工生产) 农作物、水果→grow (人工种出来的)

32. finish doing sth. 做完某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事 go on doing sth. 继续干某事 be always doing 老是干某事 33. hope to do sth. 希望干某事 hope that... hope sb.to do sth. (X)

wish to do sth wish that… wish sb to do sth. 希望某人干某事, 34. in surprise 惊奇地(作状语) to one’s surprise令某人吃惊的是 be surprised at sb. 对某人的举动感到诧异 be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 35. no space(room) to stand in 没有站的地方、空间

36. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 with one’s help=with the help of sb 在某人的帮助下 37. So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语.

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前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此。”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.”这种倒装结构。例如:

He likes playing basketball, and so do I. 他喜欢打篮球,我也喜欢。

Kate can’t speak Chinese, and I neither/ nor can Jim.凯特不会说汉语。吉姆也不会。

注意:“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此。”“是呀。” 例如:

一Basketball is very popular game in America.篮球在美国是一项很受欢迎的运动。 一So it is.的确如此。

38. No matter what the weather is like…无论天气……

[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句。 [拓展]类似no matter what的表达方式还有:

no matter when无论什么时候 no matter where无论什么地方 no matter who无论谁 no matter how 无论怎么样

如:l)No matter what he does, he always tries to do it well. 无论做什么事,他总是力求做好。 2)No matter what happens, I will take your side. 无论发生什么事,我都将支持你。 3)No matter who gives a talk, we shall listen carefully. 无论谁做报告,我们都应当认真听。 4)No matter how he goes to work, he is never late. 无论怎么样去上班,他从不迟到。 39.too…to…太……而不能

too…to…可用not…enough…或 so… that…来改写。如:

He is too young to go to school. = He isn’t old enough to go to school. = He is o young that he can’t go to school.

在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换。例如:

He is so young to go to school.(改为简单句)→He is too young to go to school.

在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换。例如: This maths problem was so easy that we could work it out. (改为简单句) →This maths problem was easy enough for us to work out. 40. …think/find + it + adj. + to do sth. 发现/认为做某事是……

此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语。例如:

I found it important to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很重要。

41.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如:It’s time to have supper. =It’s time for supper. 42. Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.

这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐。”

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如:一Can you tell me the way to the nearest post office?你能告诉我去最近的邮局的路吗? 一Walk along this road,and turn left at the third crossing.沿着这条路走,在第三个路口向左拐。 43. Liu Ying is not as good at sports as her sister.(P33) ● be good at= do well in 擅长….  be good for 对…..有好处。  be good to = be friendly to 对…..很友善。  be good with sb.=get on/along with sb 和…相处融洽 44. borrow some money.

● borrow sth. from sb = borrow sb. sth. 主语借进 lend sth. to sb. = lend sb sth. 主语借出 ● 借了多长时间用keep; 买了多久时间用have; 死了多长时间用be dead, 开始了多久用be on 45. dress + 人: 给……穿衣His mother dressed him in new clothes. 表示“穿着”的状态时用:be dressed in + 衣服或颜色。

dress up as, dress oneself, be/get dressed in + 衣服、颜色

put on :穿衣的动作 wear : 穿着衣服的状态 be in + 颜色、衣服、帽子等,强调状态

46.instead: 代替(放在句尾);然而,相反的(放在居首) instead of…: 代替…… (放在句中) 47. have/has been to 去过,已回来 have/has gone to 去……,未回来 have/has been in 在……

47. provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb. 为某人提供某物 offer sb sth.= offer sth to sb. 主动为某人提供某物 48. the number of+复数名词:“……的数量”,谓单 A number of+复数名词:“许多,大量”,谓复。

49. except (除…..之外) Everyone went to the beach except Jim. besides (除….之外,包括在内) I have a lot of friends besides Mary. 50. lose, forget, leave

lose 丢失、失去

forget 忘记 forget to do sth / forget doing sth leave + 地点 “把某物落在某地) 51. I am a little taller than her. (P33) ● a little = a bit =a little bit= kind of 有点儿

● a kind of… 一种… all kinds of… 各种各样的… different kinds of… 不同种类的… 52. What’s the matter with you? I have a sore throat.

●What’s the matter= What’s the trouble?=What’s wrong?=What’s up?怎么啦? ●There’s something wrong with…

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53.have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth/(in) doing sth.做某事有困难 54. 1)感官动词:不论感官动词是动词的什么形式,其后只有两种形式。 (1)see/watch/hear/notice/find sb. do sth. ……某人做了某事 (全过程) (2)see/watch/hear/notice/find sb. doing sth. ……某人正在做某事 (正在进行) 2)使役动词:make/let sb. do sth. 在被动语态中,省略的to要还原。 55.形容词、副词的三级比较

1)原级: as + 原级 + as 和…一样 not as/so+ 原级 + as 和…不一样 2)比较级:A+谓语+比较级+than B

3) 最高级:A+谓语+the+最高级+in/of+比较范围 The + 比较级,the + 比较级 越……, 就越……

比较级 +and + 比较级 ; more and more + 原级(能加more的形容词) 越来越…… 比较级+than+the other+复数名词/+any other+单数名词

●能放在形容词比较级的前面,表示程度的词有:much, a little, a lot, even, far ●不能放在形容词比较级前的词有:quite, very, too, rather 56. prefer sth to sth 更喜欢做某事 如:I prefer fish to meat.

 prefer to do sth…rather than do sth. = would rather do sth than do sth 宁愿做……而不愿做  prefer doing to doing 喜欢做某事胜过某事如:Jim prefers reading to playing games.  prefer sth to sth 喜欢某物胜过某物(喜欢前者)

57. be made from…… 由……制成(看不出原料) be made of…… 由……制成(能看出原料) 58. take place和 happen 都是表示“发生”的意思,都没有被动语态。它们的区别是: happen to sb. 某人发生了某事 happen to do sth. 碰巧发生了某事 happen:一切客观事情或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生

take place: 发生事先计划或预想到的事物.(历史上的事件,集会等先布置而后发生或举行的事情,不用于地震等自然现象)

59. look:强调看的动作 look at… 看…… see:强调看的结果 listen:强调听的动作 listen to… 听…… hear:强调听的结果

watch: 强调观看运动着的事物或影像。如:看电视,看比赛,看电影,看表演等 read: 阅读,朗读 如:看书,看报,看信,看杂志,看地图 60. How is the weather today?= What’s the weather like today? What be+主语+like? 询问外表、性格特征等 What does+主语+look like? 询问外表

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