以记叙文为主，字数340以内。体裁类似，内容新颖，多有启发意义。
2.题型特点
细节题居多，偶尔会有词义猜测题，但都建立于文章主旨大意上；很少涉及推断题，即使涉及，也多集中于同一点上。
2009年 人物竞争 记叙 220 简单 2010年 人与动物 记叙 339 简单 2011年 人对人影响 记叙 316 简单 2012年 人与运动 报道 310 简单 2013年 人与音乐 科学 338 简单 真题解读 【例】（2009年上海高考英语试卷A篇阅读理解）
Even at school there had been an unhealthy competition between George and Richard.
“I’ll be the first millionaire in Coleford!” Richard used to boast.
“And you’ll be sorry you knew me,” George would reply “because I’ll be the best lawyer in town!”
George never did become a lawyer and Richard never made any money. Instead both men opened bookshops on opposite sides of Coleford High Street. It was hard to make money from books, which made the competition between them worse.
Now with only one bookshop in town, business was better for George. But sometimes he sat in his narrow, old kitchen and gazed out of the dirty window, thinking about his former rivall. Perhaps he missed him?
George was very interested in old dictionaries, He’d recently found a collector in Australia who was selling a rare first edition. When the parcel arrived, the book was in perfect condition and George was delighted. But while he was having lunch, George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in. He was astonished—the smiling face was older than he remembered but unmistakable! Trembling, George started reading.
“Bookends have bought ten bookstores from their rivals Dylans. The company, owned by multi-millionaire Richard Pike, is now the largest bookseller in Australia. ” 65. George and Rivhard were ______ at school. A. roommates B. good friends C. competitors D. booksellers 【参考答案】 C
【真题解析】 细节题，从第一段“Even at school there had been an unhealthy competition between George and
Richard.”及文中“But sometimes he sat in his narrow, old kitchen and gazed out of the dirty window, thinking about his formal rival”两句中的关键词“competition”及“rival”可以知道George和Richard从学校开始就是竞争者关系。
66. How did George feel about Richard after his disappearance? A. He envied Richard’s marriage. B. He thought of Richard from time to time. C. He felt lucky with no rival in town. D. He was guilty of Richard’s death. 【参考答案】 B
【真题解析】 文中“But sometimes he sat in his narrow, old kitchen and gazed out of the dirty window, thinking about his formal rival”，从中可得知Richard失踪后，George有时会想起他。这与B选项中“from time to time”完全贴合。
67. George got information about Richard from . A. a dictionary collector in Australia B. the latter’s rivals Dylans
C. a rare first edition of a dictionary D. the wrapping paper of a book 【参考答案】 D
【真题解析】 细节题，文中“But while he was having lunch, George glanced at the photo in the newspaper that the book had been wrapped in.”可知道George是从包裹着书本的报纸上了解到Richard的情况的。
68. What happened to George and Richard in the end? A. Both George and Richard became millionaires. B. Both of them realized their original ambitions.
C. George established a successful business white Richard was missing. D. Richard became a millionaire while George had no great success. 【参考答案】 D
【真题解析】 从文章最后一段“The company, owned by multi-millionaire Richard Pike, is now the largest bookseller in Australia.”可推断Richard确实实现了梦想成为百万富翁，而George只是在镇上经营着一家书店，相比之下，成就平凡。
【例】（2010年上海高考英语试卷A篇阅读理解）
The elephant was lying heavily on its side, fast asleep. A few dogs started barking at it. The elephant woke up in a terrible anger: it chased the dogs into the village where they ran for safety. That didn’t stop the elephant. It destroyed a dozen houses and injured several people. The villagers were scared and angry. Then someone suggested calling Parbati, the elephant princess.
Parbati Barua’s father was a hunter of tigers and an elephant tamer. He taught Parbati to ride an elephant before she could even walk. He also taught her the dangerous art of the elephant round-up — how to catch wild elephants.
Parbati hasn’t always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city. But Parbati never got used to being there and many years later she went back to her old life. “Life in the city is too dull. Catching elephants is an adventure and the excitement lasts for days after the chase.” she says.
But Parbati doesn’t catch elephants just for fun. “My work,” she says, “is to rescue man from the elephants,
and to keep the elephants safe from man.” And this is exactly what Parbati has been doing for many years. Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. Whenever wild elephants enter a tea garden or a village, Parbati is called to guide the animals back to the jungle before they can kill.
The work of an elephant tamer also involves love and devotion. A good elephant tamer will spend hours a day singing love songs to a newly captured elephant. “Eventually they grow to love their tamers and never forget them. They are also more loyal than humans.” she said, as she climbed up one of her elephants and sat on the giant, happy animal. An elephant princess indeed!
65. For Parbati, catching elephants is mainly to . A. get long lasting excitement B. keep both man and elephants safe C. send them back to the jungle D. make the angry elephants tame 【参考答案】 B 【真题解析】 原文第四段“My work,” she says, “is to rescue man from the elephants, and to keep the elephants safe from man”，可知Parbati主要是为了保障大象与人之间的安全而驯象的。
66. Before Parbati studied in a boarding school . A. she spent her time hunting with her father B. she learned how to sing love songs
C. she had already been called an elephant princess D. she was taught how to hunt tigers 【参考答案】 A
【真题解析】 原文第三段Parbati hasn’t always lived in the jungle. After a happy childhood hunting with her father, she was sent to boarding school in the city.可知她从小与父亲一起在丛林中度过了她的童年，之后才去寄宿学校的。
67. Indian elephants are getting increasingly angry and they revenge because . A. they are caught and sent for heavy work B. illegal hunters capture them and kill them C. they are attacked and their land gets limited D. dogs often bark at them and chase them 【参考答案】 C
【真题解析】 原文倒数第二段Increasingly, the Indian elephant is angry: for many years, illegal hunters have attacked it and its home in the jungle has been reduced to small pieces of land. It is now fighting back. 可直接得出答案。
68. The passage starts with an elephant story in order to explain that in India . A. people easily fall victim to elephants’ attacks B. the man-elephant relationship is getting worse C. elephant tamers are in short supply D. dogs are as powerful as elephants 【参考答案】 B
【真题解析】 根据文章第四段，可推理得出答案。
学法点睛 1. 解题技巧
1) 顺序原则、定位词、排除法
2）做题时一定要回到短文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上选择答案。找到关键词后最好在下面划线，以便检查。 2. 备考方法
1预测（Prediction）
预测是阅读过程中不可或缺的一环。阅读不是被动地接受和理解信息的过程，而是不断地预测—验证－修正—和进一步预测的循环过程。 2略读（skimming）
略读是一种快速浏览阅读方式，其目的是了解文章的大概轮廓或大意。因此读者无须细读全文，而是有选择地进行跳跃式的阅读。其特点是，阅读速度要快，进行略读可以按以下步骤:①阅读文章的题目、附图、图表、起始段和结尾段;②细读其他段落的主题句;③浏览一些与主题句相关的信息词。适合略读策略的文体包括文体报刊杂志、书信、背景资料、报告、课本章节、说明文字、小说等。 3跳读(scanning)
跳读是另一种快速阅读方式，其目的是从文字资料中查找特定的细节内容，如有关时间、地点、数据、人名、地名、事实等具体信息。跳读对理解的精确程度要求既快又准。读者进行跳读时，可以参考下几方面的信息：（1）标题或图表。由于很多信息资料配有标题和图表。因此，有时不看文字说明，通过标题和图表也能获得所要查找的信息。（2）主题词。带着要查找内容的主题词进行跳读，捕捉关键词有助于提高阅读效率。（3）版式及印刷特点。如广告则按主题分类，广播或电视节目按时间或频道排列。了解不同的版式特点能够快地预测到有关内容可能出现的位置。显然，适合跳读策略的文体有广告、词典、安排表等。 为应对阅读如此大量的文字材料，平时的训练量必须得到保证，还要要求学生把握阅读的速度，养成快速浏览的习惯。我们在平时的训练中，要选各种类型的文章让学生操练，在保证量的前提下，要做到类型多样化。此外，有必要培养学生摆脱阅读中“见目不见林”的习惯，提高他们对于整篇文章的概括归纳能力，善于找到中心和重点。每读一篇文章，不放过长句，难句的分析，因为问题往往和这些句子有关，轻易放过，一知半解，这种倾向必须纠正。还必须提醒考生，有时文章很难，但问题却可以答出，不可轻言放弃。
过关检测
巩固测试：（八校联考）
We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.
Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor.
Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.
That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve it, stamping it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.
This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.
66. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in ________. A. doing a medical experiment B. solving a math problem C. visiting an exhibition D. doing scientific reasoning 67. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to ________. A. active learning B. knowledge C. communication D. passive learning 68. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that ________. A. a message may be changed when being passed on B. a message should be delivered in different ways
C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor 69. What can we infer from the passage? A. Active learning is not important. B. Passive learning may not be reliable.
C. Passive learning is not found among scholars.
D. What has been told by others shouldn’t be accepted.
提升测试：（六校）
On Saturday mornings I worked in the family shop. I started cycling down to the shop with Dad on Saturday as soon as I was big enough. I thought of it as giving him a hand and so I didn’t mind what I did, although it was mostly just fetching and carrying at a run all morning. I managed not to think of it as work and I looked forward to the bar of chocolate my grandmother passed me unsmilingly as I left. As soon as I was fifteen, though, Dad said, “That’s it, our Janet. You’re of working age now and you’re not coming to work unless your grandmother pays you properly.” He did his best to make his chin look determined. “I shall speak to her.”
The next Saturday, Gran called me into her little office behind the shop. I always hated going in there. She had an electric heater on full blast, and the windows were always kept tightly closed whatever the weather. There were piles of dusty catalogues and brochures on the floor. “You’re wanting to get paid, I hear.” Gran said. “Yes, please,” I replied. It was rather like visiting the head mistress at school, so I was very quiet and respectful. “How old are you?” “Fifteen ... Gran,” I added for extra politeness, but she looked at me as if I had been cheeky. “Full-timers at your age get two hundred and forty pounds for a thirty-five-hour week,” she announced in such a way as to leave no doubt that she wasn’t in favor of this. “No wonder there’s no profit in shop keeping! So Janet, what’s that per hour?” Question like that always flustered me. Instead of trying to work them out in my head, I would just stand there unable to think straight. “I’ll get a pencil and paper,” I offered. “Don’t bother,” snapped Gran angrily, “I’ll do it myself. I’ll give you 6 pounds an hour; take it or leave it,” “I’ll take it, please,” “And I expect real work for it, mind. No standing about, and if I catch you eating any of the stock, there’ll be trouble. That’s theft, and it’s a crime.”
From then on, my main job at the shop was filling the shelves. This was dull, but I hardly expected to be trusted with handling the money. Once or twice, however, when Dad was extra busy, I’d tried to help him by serving behind the counter. I hated it. It was very difficult to remember the prices of everything. Certain customers made unkind remarks about this, increasing my confusion and the chances of making a fool of myself.
It was an old-established village shop, going back 150 years at least and it was really behind the times even
then. Dad longed to be able to make the shop more attractive to customers, but Gran wouldn’t hear of it. I overheard them once arguing about whether to buy a freezer cabinet. “Our customers want frozen food,” Dad said. “They see things advertised and if they can’t get them from us, they’ll go elsewhere.” “Your father always sold fresh food,” Gran replied. “People come here for quality; they don’t want all that frozen stuff.” 66. How did Janet feel when she first started her Saturday morning job? A. She enjoyed the work that she was given. B. She was pleased to be helping her father.
C. She was worried that she was not doing it well. D. She was really interested in the reward.
67. What do we learn about her grandmother’s office in the second paragraph? A. It was untidy. B. It was dark.
C. It needed decorating.
D. It had too much furniture in it.
68. The word “flustered” (in paragraph 2) means _______. A. bored B. angered C. confused D. depressed
69. What did Janet’s father and grandmother disagree about? A. How to decorate the village shop to make it more attractive. B. The type of advertising needed to attract customers. C. The type of customers they wanted to attract. D. How to get new customers to come to the shop.
【参考答案】 巩固测试：CCDA 提升测试：CDAB
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