New Concept English Comprehensive Course
Unit One College Life
Learning Focus
Express their feelings of college life.
Describe the campus and the activities at college. Get the meanings of some new words and expressions. Know the English vowels and verb tenses. Write a Notice（通知）. Section I Lead-in Section II Reading
Text A What to Expect from College Life
Background
Types of Colleges in the U.S.
If you‘re planning to study in the U.S., you have a number of choices when it comes to pick your college. There are many types of schools, each having its own mission and purpose within American education. Two-year colleges
Two-year institutions, which are typically referred to as community or junior colleges, award the associate degree — Associate of Arts (A.A.) or Associate of Science (A.S.) — following successful completion of a two-year, full-time program. There are two basic types of programs at community and junior colleges. Some programs are strictly academic and designed to prepare students to transfer to four-year institutions with bachelor's degree programs. Others are more practical or applied and provide career training in specific areas. This second type of school does not usually prepare students for transfer to a four-year institution, though some of the credits earned may still be accepted by a four-year institution.
A small number of two-year colleges offer the final two years of the undergraduate program only, awarding the bachelor‘s degree rather than the associate degree. Most community and junior colleges are publicly supported by the state and local communities, although some are private. Some private two-year colleges are proprietary or run for a profit. Four-year colleges and universities
The college or university (sometimes called an institute when it emphasizes engineering or other technical courses) awards the bachelor's degree. The Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degrees are the most common, but a variety of bachelor's degrees by other names are also granted. Bachelor's degrees are typically awarded following successful completion of a four-year, full-time program. Programs in some fields of study or at some institutions can be longer than four years. There are both public and private colleges and universities in the United States, and some have an affiliation with a religious denomination. Public versus private
Publicly supported schools are generally state colleges or universities or two-year community colleges. These institutions receive most of their funding from the states in which they are located. Private schools generally have higher costs because they do not receive the same primary funding from the state and federal government. Colleges and universities with religious affiliations are
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private. Most of them are Christian (Roman Catholic and Protestant), although there are a small number of Jewish and Islamic institutions. In most cases, you do not need to be a member of a particular church or religious group to attend a religiously affiliated college and enrollment in these institutions will not usually interfere with your own religious views. Privately owned colleges
Proprietary institutions are different from other types of schools in that they are privately owned and run for a profit. They are \"educational businesses\" that offer services and courses similar to those at other institutions, but you need to be very careful and research their accreditation status. Their programs tend to be technical and pre-professional courses of study. Almost all the colleges in the United States are now coeducational, which means that both men and women attend. There are also a small number of single-sex schools, some for men and some for women. Faculty, administration, and staff members will likely be of both sexes at any college.
Words and Expressions
a little bit有点
He was a little bit under the weather. 他生病了。
Helen sings a little bit worse. 海伦唱得稍微差一点。
Can you try and persuade the supplier to boost the quantity a little bit? 能否请您去说服供货商稍微增加点供货呢？
expect v. regard something as probable or likely 预期,盼望,期待
The journey was not as nice as we had expected. 旅途不像我们预想的那样好。
I expect I will be back on Sunday. 我预计我会在周日回来的。
Phase n. any distinct time period in a sequence of events局面,阶段
The child is going through a difficult phase. 那孩子正经历困难的阶段。 support oneself 通过做某一种工作养活自己
She supported herself by making soil. 她靠种地为生。
adjust to 适应, 调节
Could I adjust to Chinese life at 72? ７２岁的我能适应中国的生活吗？
After Nigel left his academic post and went into business, it took him quite a while to adjust to the rat race.
奈杰尔弃学从商后，过了很长时间他才适应那种竞争激烈的环境。 Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 宇航员在飞行中必须适应失重状态。 stand on one’s own feet 自立，依靠自己
We should learn to stand on our own feet. 我们要学习依靠自己。
You should learn to stand on your own feet from now on.
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从现在起，你应该学着自立了。
This expressed their determination to stand on their own feet. 这表达了他们自立更生的决心。
hardship n. a state of misfortune or affliction艰难,困苦
A strong man will bear hardship without complaining. 一个坚强的人会忍受困苦而不抱怨。
Mountaineering is attractive especially to young people because it is accompanied with hardship and adventure.
登山很吸引人，特别是对年轻人来说，因为它伴随着艰难险阻。 Hardship disposes man to meet adversity. 艰苦能让人适应逆境。 Challenge n.挑战 ；v. 向...挑战
This career offers a challenge. 这份职业具有挑战性。
The time was ripe for a challenge to the power of the government. 时机已经成熟，可以向政府权力提出挑战了。
Nowadays no one will challenge the fact that the earth is round. 现在没有人会对地球是圆的这一事实提出异议。 That might be in your favor. 那可能对你有利。 in favor of 赞成
Are you in favor of his opinion? 你会赞成他的意见吗？ do sb. a favor 帮忙 Sandy, do me a favor. 桑迪，给我帮个忙 Can you do me a favor? 可以请你帮点忙吗？
The opinions of his peers are more important to him than his parents' ideas. 在他看来，他同辈人的观点比他父母的观点更为重要。
in one’s favor 对某人有利
peer n. a person who is of equal standing with another in a group同等的人；同辈
take on 承担,接受
The idea never really took on. 这一观念一向不太得人心。
We can‗t take on any more work， we‘re fully stretched (i．e． working to the utmost of our powers) at the moment.
我们不能再接受更多的工作了－目前已经全力以赴了. count on 依靠,指望
You can count on me. 你可以指望我。 Great, I'll count on it! 好极了，我就指望它了! You can always count on Jim.
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你可以永远相信吉姆。
face up勇敢地承认, 正视
He won't face up to the fact that he is too old for the job. 他年岁太大不宜做这项工作，他却不愿面对这一现实。
He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. 他应该勇于正视自己不再年轻这一事实。 make the most of充分利用
We shall make the most of the opportunity. 我们应充分利用这一机遇。
These photos make the most of the beauty of the morning in the mountains. 这些照片将山中早晨的美景表现得淋漓尽致。
acquire v. come into the possession of something concrete or abstract获得,取得,学到 The collector has acquired a fine collection of impressionist paintings. 这位收藏家收集到大量印象派绘画。 How did he acquire his wealth? 他的财富是怎样得来的？
Precious a. of high worth or cost宝贵的,珍贵的
My time is precious; I can only give you a few minutes. 我的时间很宝贵，我只能见你几分钟。
You should make good use of every precious minute to study. 你应很好利用宝贵的每一分钟去学习。 Pandas are precious creatures. 熊猫是珍贵的动物。
Translation
1. 他总是乐于助人，作为回报，大家都喜欢他。(in return) He was always ready to help others, in return, he was liked by everyone.
2. 我们不能再接受更多的工作了。(take on) We can't take on any more work.
3. 那是他们唯一依靠的东西。(count on)
That was the only thing they could count on.
4. 他把自己仅有的一点力量全使出来了。(make the most of) He makes the most of the little he has.
5. 72岁的我能适应中国的生活吗？(adjust to)
Could I adjust to Chinese life at72?
Text B My Experiences at College freshman n. a first-year undergraduate大学一年级学生 It's important for the college freshman to keep his nose clean.
对大学新生而言洁身自好是很重要的。 in my freshman year 我是新生那年；
a freshman senator 任期未满一年的议员 The appearance of the new freshman called away his attention.
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新同学的出现使他的注意力分散了。
Roommate n. an associate who shares a room with you室友
I have seven roommates in my university 上大学时，我有7个室友。
My roommate gets up later than I do. 我的同屋比我起得晚
military a. of or relating to army and warfare军事的 n. 军队
In some countries all the young men do a year's military service. 有些国家，所有年轻男子都要服一年兵役。 Related phrases:
military academy 陆军军官学校, 军事学院
military age 兵役年龄
military operation 作战; 军事行动 military fever 伤寒症
follow by 后面有(继之以), 接下来
A middle-aged woman come over, followed by a group of children. 一位中年妇女走进来，后面跟着一群孩子。
Cocktails will be served promptly at six to be followed by dinner at eight. 6点钟准时举行鸡尾酒会，随之在8点钟举行正式的晚宴。 make it clear 弄清楚，使人明白
I want to make it clear that I have no prejudice against you. 我要表明我对你没有偏见。
I make it clear to him that I reject his proposal. 我清楚地告诉他，我拒绝了他的建议。
discipline n. a system of rules of conduct or method of practice 训练,纪律,惩罚 A little discipline would do him a world of good． 稍微处分他一下会对他大有好处。
The teacher can't keep discipline in her class. 这位老师无法维持教室纪律。 His army is a very disciplined force. 他的军队是一支训练有素的队伍。
The children are happy at the school, but they lack discipline. 孩子们在学校里很快活，但很散漫。
scorching a. hot and dry enough to burn or parch a surface 灼热的
He drew back from the scorching heat. 他从灼人的热气中退了回来。
It's scorching hot. 天气热得火烧似的。
exhausted a. drained of energy or effectiveness精疲力竭的，用完的
The combatants were exhausted after a month's fight. 战士们经过一个月的战斗已筋疲力尽。 She did not cry out， her tears were exhausted. 她哭不出来了，因为眼泪都已哭干了。 The exhausted mother smiled at the cry of her
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newborn baby.
听到新生儿的哭叫声，倦极了的母亲笑了。
Reliant adj. relying on another for support有信心的, 自力更生的, 靠自己的
Our country should not be so reliant on the oil it produces. 我国不应如此依赖自产的石油。
Raising self-reliant children requires parents at times to lead with their heads and not their hearts.
培养有自立能力的孩子要求家长们不时地用理智而 不是用感情来引导孩子。
Mature a. having reached full natural growth or development 成熟的,到期的,充分发育的,考虑周到的
His character has greatly matured in the years. 这些年他的性格已大大成熟。 A fully grown, mature organism. 成体, 完全发育成熟的有机体
Oh, grow up! (i.e. Behave in a more mature way. ) 噢, 别那么不懂事了（表现得成熟些吧）!
Extremely ad. to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect 极其,非常
This task is extremely difficult. 这项任务极其困难。
He is an extremely frank person. 他是个极其老实的人。
The reward of this company is extremely bountiful. 这家公司的奖金是非常慷慨的。 easy-going a. amiable 随和的
Some people are very easy-going. 一些人非常宽厚。
\"He's very good natured and easy-going.― ―它的性情十分温顺乖巧。\"
champion n. someone who has won first place in a competition 冠军,拥护者
He was the world tennis champion. 他曾是世界网球冠军。
The little girl presented the champion with a victory garland. 小女孩给冠军献上了胜利的花环。 It's a civic pride to have a world champion. 拥有世界冠军是我们每个公民的骄傲。 speech contest 讲演比赛
I am a graduate of Beijing Foreign Studies University. I won a scholarship and the first
prize in speech contest in the University.
本人毕业于北京外国语大学，在校期间曾获得奖学金和演讲比赛冠军。 If you can manage, we'd like you to attend our speech contest to Thursday morning. 如果您能安排的话，我们想请您参加星期四上午举行的演 讲比赛。 I'm very anxious about the speech contest. 我对此次演讲比赛十分忧虑。
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pay off 有回报,成功
If you work hard, it will pay off eventually. 如果你努力的话，最终会有回报的。 Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗？ How time flies! 时光飞逝
I often complain about how quickly time flies. 我经常抱怨时光飞逝。
It‘s nearly midnight – how time flies when you're enjoying yourself. 快半夜了——过得快活时，时间过得真快啊。
vivid a. evoking lifelike images within the mind生动的,栩栩如生的,鲜艳的
This girl gave a vivid description of the event. 那女孩对这件事作了一番生动的描述。
My daughter is a child with vivid imagination. 我女儿是一个想象力活跃的孩子。 Engrave v. carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface 铭记, 雕刻
The terrible scene was engraved on his memory. 那可怕的情景铭记在他的记忆里。 His memorial was engraved on the stone. 纪念他的碑文刻在石碑上。
Recall v. to remember; to take back回想起,召回,恢复
The danger recalled him to a sense of duty. 这危险的事唤起了他的责任感。 I can recall the men's features. 我回忆得起这个人的容貌。 I can't recall how long it has been. 我回忆不起来多长时间了。
Section III Practical Writing Notice（通知） Writing Tips
英语的通知可分为两类，即书面通知和口头通知。写作格式及要求如下： 一、通知的标志
书面通知是书面的正式公告或布告，常常是张贴在显眼的位置，多用notice作标志。为了醒目起见，标志的每个字母可以用大写NOTICE(但如发出通知的单位以首字母大写形式出现在通知的标志之上，则也要首字母大写形式Notice)，并常写在正文上方的正中位置。口头通知用Announcement作标志，但通常省略不说。 二、通知的单位及时间
发出通知的人或单位的名称，一般写在标志的上方或在正文后面的右下角；发出通知的时间要写在正文的左下角或发出通知的单位名称的下方，也可按书信格式写在正文的右上角。不过，这两项有时可以省略。口头通知不说这两项。 三、通知的正文
正文要写明所做事情的具体时间、地点、概括性内容(多为书面通知的首句)、出席对象及有关注意事项。布置工作的通知要把工作内容和要求写清楚。正文一般可采用文章式。 四、通知的对象
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被通知的单位或人一般用第三人称；但如果带有称呼语，则用第二人称表示被通知的对象，口头通知常用第二人称表示被通知的对象。涉及要求或注意事项时，也常用第二人称表示被通知的对象(祈使句中常常省略)。 五、通知的文体
书面通知用词贴切，语句简洁，具有书面化；口头通知用词表达要注重口语化。口头通知的开头往往有称呼语 (被通知的对象)，如：―Boys and girls‖，―Ladies and gentlemen‖，―Comrades and friends‖等，或用提醒听众注意的语句，如―Attention, please!‖， ―Your attention, please!‖， ―May I have your attention, please? ‖等，且最好有结束语，如：―Thank you (for listening)‖以示礼貌．
Section IV Language Skill Development 1. Phonetic Study (1)英语元音列表 前元音 /i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/ 中元音 /ə:/ /ə/ 元 后元音 /u / /u:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /Λ/ /ɑ:/ 音 合口双元音 /ei/ /ai/ /ɔi/ /au/ /əu/ 集中双元音 /iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/ 2. 英语的时态
英语共有十六种时态，其表现形式如下(以study为例)： 一般时 进行时 完成时 完成进行时 am studying 现在 Study is studying have studied have been studying studies are studying has studied has been studying 过去 studied was studying were studying had studied had been studying 将来 shall study shall be studying shall have studied shall have been studying will study will be studying will have studied will have been studying should should be should have should have been 过去将来 study studying studying would study would be studied been studying would have studied would have studying Section V Extended Exercises
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Unit Two Career Planning
Learning Focus
Learn the new words and expressions.
Make suggestions and explain points of view to others. Know the English consonants and Present Simple Tense. Get to know some skills about how to write a Poster. Section I Lead-in Section II Reading
Text A Avoid Career Confusions
Background
1. Career planning is the action of defining career type, objectives and strategies in order to achieve certain goals and career success. Career planning could be a crucial element to gain a healthy and successful career. Career planning drives your ideas into a clear direction to walk through, and series of actions to perform.
2. Getting you career planning process running is to be achieved through your own self planning, hiring professional service or consultant, or using some kind of career planning tools.
3. Setting your own career planning scheme requires some deep thinking, studied calculations and good knowledge of your potentials. It‘s not an everyday action, nor a subject for too many frequent changes. Career planning should be built on strong basis of best self analysis, during the appropriate time to take such process.
4. Career planning helps individuals to invest their potentials into predefined tracks, and save their time, effort and money from distraction. Career planning is the key for an early look on what to be working on its achievement.
5. Career planning － in many cases－ is not a permanent, one time deal. It can be divided on multiple stages according to certain circumstance or new calculations that come up through the way. It can also be re-done in a complete different and reset what was planned. It‘s not the end of the world if you have to re-construct your planning and begin everything all over. However, try to avoid this as possible as you can, if you want to have a sharp, well defined career.
6. The entrance for individual career development planning is the next step on the track. Setting the main career planning scheme, then beginning the implementation, and reaching certain goals indeed, are the development process that has to come next. After succession with your early objectives that were set on your career planning, you may refresh your planning scheme with new objectives or even extra goals. Just keep it gradual and reasonable.
7. In conclusion, career planning is an important step to take on the road to goal achievement. It helps keep your path organized and clear, and gives you motivation to go with a clear, well planned career.
Reading Comprehension
Discuss the following questions after reading the passage.
Whether you're just entering college or preparing for graduation, now it’s time to start thinking about your career. Why?
What is the meaning of the sentence “You don't have to spend your life singing at weddings just because you have a silky voice. Nor do you have to become a chef because you have an
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uncanny gift with spices.”
Why does the author say “That believing your job has to satisfy the whole you is a common source of career error”?
If one likes to write, does he have to become a writer? Why? Words and Expressions
aspire v. to have an ambitious plan or a lofty goal to do sth.热望, 立志
In his childhood, he aspired to become a great general. 在童年时代，他渴望成为一位伟大的将军。 He aspired to leadership even in his childhood. 童年时代他就渴望当领袖。
hit home to refer to， be relevant or familiar to 恰中要害，深深打入
Your comments really hit home. 你的评论确实恰中要害。
I could see from her expression that his sarcastic comments had hit home. 从她的表情中我可以看出他那些挖苦人的话已经触及她的痛处。 be supposed to 应该, 被期望
He is supposed to be here tonight. 他今晚应该会在这里。
He was supposed to give us advice, but all he came up with were airy-fairy ideas. 他应该给我们提些建议，但他所想出来的一切是不切实际的。 I was supposed to meet her, but I spaced out and forgot.
我本应该和她见面的，但我昏昏沉沉地以致把事给忘了。
Nor do you have to become…:以否定词nor开头的句子要求部分倒装，即只把谓语的一部分（如助动词、情态动词等）放到主语前，表示\"也不\"、\"也没有\" 。
---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother? ---I don‗t know, nor do I care. 其它如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。
Never have I seen such a performance.
Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.
That believing your job has to satisfy the whole you is a common source of career error.
认为工作得满足你的全部（需求) 是职业规划中普遍存在的错误。
That believing your job has to satisfy the whole you : that 引导从句作主语。that 引导
主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。 That she is a rich woman is known to us all. 众所周知，她是个富有的女人。
That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。
Wherever you are is my home--my only home.
你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我唯一的家。 mind you: to be careful of or take notice of请注意(留心)
Mind you, face forward and attend to the teacher! 请注意，把脸调向前方，听老师讲话。
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He has been very bad-tempered this week.\" \"Yes, but mind you, he's been rather ill just recently.\"
\"他这个星期脾气很不好。\"是呀，不过请注意，他最近病得很厉害呢。\" a (whole) heap of 一大堆, 很多, 大量
Jim has a heap of stamps. 吉姆有一大堆邮票。
The tower collapsed in a heap of ruin. 那座塔倒塌了，成了一堆废墟。
on top of : over, resting on; in addition to 在…之上；加之，除…之外
Hey! Somebody puts his or her poster on top of ours. 嘿!有人把海报贴在我们的上面。
I'm on top of the world. 我觉得棒极了。
On top of borrowing 50 pound, he asked me to lend him my car. 他向我借了50英镑,此外还向我借汽车。
pursue v. to follow in or as if in pursuit or to go in search of or hunt for追捕，追求，继续从事
The police are pursuing an escaped prisoner. 警方正在追捕一名越狱的逃犯。
She is pursuing her studies at the university. 她在大学继续深造。
Text B The Newspaper Solicitor
(1) What does solicitor mean?
(2) What’s the writer’s attitude towards the job? (1) Why did the author say it is a challenge?
(2) What happened after the man turned him down angrily? (1) What’s the writer’s dream career?
(2) What did the writer learn from knocking on strangers' doors. How did the experience help me?
solicit v. to make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently. Here it refers to the boy trying to persuade some people to buy his newspaper subscriptions. 恳求
We solicit your specific inquiry. 希望接到你们的具体询盘。
If your purpose is to solicit information or action from another person via email, you must make that clear to them at the earliest possible point in the message.
如果你的目的是通过电子邮件获取信息或者要求别人做什么，那么你必须在讯息的
最开头就向他们传达清楚。
be grateful for v. to appreciate somebody for doing something 感激
I'd be most grateful for your help. 我将非常感谢您的帮助。
We will be grateful for whatever amount you can afford. 你买得起多少, 我们都欢迎。
get sb. to do sth. : to try to make someone do sth. 让某人做某事
The teacher gets all the students to finish cleaning in an hour. 老师让全班在一个小时内打扫完毕。 end up: finally be or do sth. 结束,告终
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You could end up running this company if you play your cards right. 你要是处理得当, 到头来这个公司能归你掌管。 If you continue to steal you'll end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃终归得进监狱。
If he carries on driving like that, he'll end up dead. 他照这样开车, 早晚得死于非命。 before long: soon, shortly, presently 不久，很快
We should have news before long. 不久我们就能得到消息。
Before long our family moved and had to give the pet away. 不久我们搬家了,不得不把宠物送人。 long before 在... 很久以前
I knew Tom long before I knew you. 我在认识你之前很久就认识了汤姆。 It was not long before tragedy struck again. 没多久，灾难又再次降临。
lock in: to place in a place where something cannot be removed or someone cannot escape; close with or as if with a tight seal关起来，禁闭
At 9 p.m. the prisoners are locked in for the night. 晚9时把犯人锁进牢房过夜。
They are locked in a titanic struggle for control of the company. 他们俩为争夺对公司的控制权打得不可开交。 stand up to: to resist sb. or sth. bravely 勇敢地抵抗
A soldier must stand up to danger. 士兵必须勇敢面对危险。
Will this car stand up to winter conditions here? 这汽车经得起这儿冬天的气候条件吗?
Section III Practical Writing Poster（海报）
海报是人们在日常生活中经常使用的一种招贴形式的应用文，经常用于电影、戏曲、球赛、文艺演出等活动。
1．海报应写明活动的性质、主办单位、时间、地点等内容。 2. 海报的语言力求简明扼要，形式做到新颖美观。 3．海报通常由三部分组成，即标题、正文、落款。 Section IV Language Skill Development
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1. Phonetic Study (2)英语辅音列表 摩擦音 /f/ /v/ /θ/ /ð/ /s/ /z/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /r/ /h/ 爆破音 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/ 辅 破擦音 /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/ /ʧ/ /ʤ/ 音 鼻 音 /m/ /n/ /η/ 边 音 /l/ 半元音 /w/ /j/
2. The Present Simple Tense（一般现在时） 时态 定义 标志词 谓语形式 疑问形式 否定式 提问谓语 What do /does + 主语+ 一频度副词：系动词be 1. be 放主 般1. 目前存在 always, ( am, is, are)或语前 1. be + not do…? 现的状态 usually, often, 行为动词原形2. 主语前2. 动词前 如: She reads 在2. 经常性、习sometimes, （主语为第三加do 或 加 don‘t 或English every 时 惯性的动作 every 人称单数时does doesn‘t (动 day.What day(week….) V .+ s, 或 es） (动词还原) 词还原) does she do every day?
Section V Extended Exercises
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Unit Three Friendship
Learning Focus
Learn the new words and expressions.
Know some tips about making real friends and put them into use in daily life.
Use the Present Continuous Tense, Present Perfect Tense and Present Perfect Continuous Tense correctly.
Get to know some skills about how to write Notes. Section I Lead-in
Text A Building Bridges
Background
1. What is friendship?
Friendship is one of the greatest pleasure that people can enjoy. It implies(意味着) loyalty(忠诚), cordiality(热诚), sympathy(同情心), affection and readiness(愿意) to help. Real friends are those who can share all our sorrows(伤心事) and double all our joys. No man makes most of his life, either in business or in society, without carefully and conscientiously(凭良心地) striving(奋斗)to win the right kind of friends as he goes along.
True friends cherish(珍爱) the ideals(理想) and feelings with you; they will not desert(荒芜的) you when you are in hot waters; they will not flatter(谄媚) or take advantage of you when you have won victory; and they will advise you sincerely when you are led astray(迷路的).
We should choose those as our friends who have good character, superior(较高的) ability and kindliness(友好) of heart. We‘ll treat our friends with courtesy(礼貌), be careful not to interfere(冲突) unreasonably(非理智的) with them, or not ridicule(嘲笑) their proceedings. We should forgive their mistakes and try to help them as much as possible. If we try to do these things, we‘ll retain our friends and keep the sacred(神圣的) lamp(灯火) of friendship burning all our life. 2. Enjoy the poem: Thank you for being one of the very few people in my life who is a real friend.
Some people will be your friends because of whom you know; Some people will be your friends because of your position; Some people will be your friends because of the way you look; Some people will be your friends because of your possessions. But the only real friends
are the people who will be your friends
because they like you for how you are inside.
Thank you for being one of the very few people in my life who is a real friend!
3. Read the story: Nails in the Fence
There once was a little boy who had a bad temper. His father gave him a bag of nails and told him that every time he lost his temper, he must hammer a nail into the back of the fence.
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The first day the boy had driven 37 nails into the fence. Over the next few weeks, as he learned to control his anger, the number of nails hammered daily gradually dwindled down. He discovered it was easier to hold his temper than to drive those nails into the fence.
Finally the day came when the boy didn‗t lose his temper at all. He told his father about it and father suggested that the boy now pull out one nail for each day that he was able to hold his temper. The days passed and the young boy was finally able to tell his father that all the nails were gone. The father took his son by the hand and led him to the fence. He said, \"You have done well, my son, but look at the holes in the fence. The fence will never be the same. When you say things in anger, they leave a scar just like these holes. You can put a knife in a man and draw it out. It won‗t matter how many times you say I‗m sorry; the wound is still there. A verbal wound is as bad as a physical one.―
So, every misunderstanding, every quarrel, every bad temper to another, will nail in her/his heart. Maybe we can draw nail out, maybe time will comfort the scar, but that cut will be there forever. Every quarrel will add a split in your friendship; maybe time will close the split, we are afraid that it will cost 2 or 3 years at least. Then when you are being to quarrel, let you down and quiet. Think about another in his/her position, say to myself in your heart: OK, it's fine. And then give your lover a smile. But it is probably hard to do that when we are young, so we break up quickly because of character & feeling disagreement. (1) When are we likely to fall into conflict with friends? (2) What did the two brothers share during 40 years farming? How did the misunderstanding develop?
(1) Who visited John?
(2) What was the exact job John gave to the carpenter?
Can you guess what is the possible way the carpenter use to please John? conflict
1）struggle; fight 斗争； 战斗
2）serious disagreement; argument 冲突；争执
3）(of opinions, desires, etc) opposition; difference; clash (意见、欲望等)不合;分歧;抵触
soldiers involved in armed conflict 遭遇武装冲突的士兵
a long and bitter conflict between employers and workers 劳资双方旷日持久的激烈争执 a hand-to-hand conflict 短兵相接
come into conflict with 和...冲突
in conflict with... 同…相冲突
Machine n. apparatus with several moving parts, designed to perform a particular task, and driven by electricity steam, gas, etc, or by human power 机器；机械 Machinery n. machines collectively or in general (泛指)机器；机械
a sewing-machine 一台缝纫机
Much new machinery has been installed.
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已安装了许多新机器。
Major adj. (more) important; great (er) (较)重要的；（较）大的
the major part 主要部分
major subjects 主修(专业)课程
a major surgical operation 外科大手术 the major vote 多数票
a major city 主要城市
One of the major aims of the air raid was the complete demolition of all means of
communications of the enemy.
这次空袭的一个主要目的, 就是通过轰炸彻底摧毁敌人的通讯设施。 exchange
v. give or receive sth/sb in place of another 交换，兑换
n. giving one thing or person in return for another 互换，交易 n. (angry) conversation or argument (愤怒的)谈话或争论
exchange Christmas gifts 交换圣诞节礼物 exchange seats with sb. 与某人调换一个座位 exchange greetings 互相问候
exchange foreign money for Renminbi 把外币兑成人民币
She didn't really like the hat, but it couldn't be exchanged. 她并不十分喜欢那顶帽子, 但却无法退换。 A fair exchange is no robbery. [谚]公平交易并非强夺。
Let's have an exchange of views on the matter. 我们对这件事交换一下意见吧。
Spite v. to annoy, injure or offend (sb) because of spite 恶意地伤害、惹怒或冒犯（某人）
The neighbours play their radio loudly every afternoon just to spite us. 邻居每天下午把收音机的音量开得很大， 向我们泄愤。 go one better 胜过（某人）
I bought a small boat, then he went one better and buy a yacht. 我买了一只小船，而他胜我一筹，购置了一艘游艇。
I bought an MG but he had to go one better and get a Jaguar.
我买了一辆莫里斯汽车，他只得更胜我一筹，买了一辆美洲豹牌车。
one’s jaw drops 使某人目瞪口呆
\"I've been around this stuff for many years ,\" he says, \"but there's still places I go
sometimes and, you know, my jaw just drops.
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―我做这项研究已有多年，‖他说，―但是有时候我走到某些地方，我还是会目瞪口呆。‖ Text B Friendship indispensable adj. absolutely essential 不可缺少的，必需的
A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language. 学习外语离不开好的辞典。
Training is indispensable to a doctor. 训练对于一位医生是不可缺少的。 It's indispensable to modern business. 对现代商业这是不可缺少的。 there’s no doubt that… 毫无疑问
There's no doubt that biology technology will make our life better. 毫无疑问，生物技术一定能使我们的生活变得更好。 Suffer vt. vi.遭[蒙, 经]受, 忍受, 忍耐,宽恕; 允许, 容忍
suffer pain
受痛苦
suffer hunger 挨饿
I will not suffer such conduct. 我不能容忍这种行为。 She could not suffer criticism. 她受不了批评。
She was suffering from a headache. 她正经受头痛之苦。 Did he suffer any hurt? 他有过什么痛苦吗？
Warm vt., vi.(常与up连用)暖，使暖，使暖和
The hot drink warmed him. 热饮料使他暖和起来。
He warmed himself by the fire. 他在火边取暖。
The milk is warming up on the stove. 牛奶正在炉子上热着。
Maintain vt.保持，维持；赡养，供给；保养，维修；主张，为…辩护
He failed again and again simply because he had maintained his defeatist attitude. 因为他一直坚持失败主义的态度,所以失败了一次又一次。
He has worked hard to maintain his family. 他努力工作来养家。
The car has always been properly maintained. 这汽车一直保养得很好。
The sociologist maintained that a demotic society would lower the nation's standards. 这个社会学家认为平民社会会降低国家的素质。 Only…can we 只有…我们才能
Only in this way , can we redouble production. 只有这样，我们才能把产值提高一倍。
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Authentic adj.可信的; 可靠的, 权威性的,真正的, 确实的; 有根据的【律】认证了的, 正式的
authentic news
可靠的消息
an authentic signature 真实手迹签字 authentic document 真实的文件
Is that an authentic painting from Piccaso, or a modern copy? 那幅油画是毕加索的真迹还是现代仿制品? immerse vt.沉浸; 浸入,使沉溺于; 使陷于
immerse one's head in the water 把头浸入水中 be immersed in debt 陷入债务之中
immerse oneself among the masses 深入群众之中
He immersed himself in work so as to stop thinking about her. 他埋头于工作以便不再思念她。 be immersed in a book 专心于一本书
The professor was so immersed in her work that she didn't notice me. 教授在专心致志地工作,以致没注意到我。
The whole town was immersed in a festival atmosphere. 全镇沉浸在节日的气氛中。 Section III Practical Writing Notes（便条）
便条是一种简单的书信。虽然内容简单，但却有其独特的风格。
主要目的是为了尽快的把最新的信息、通知、要求或者活动的时间、地点转告给对方。常见的便条有收条、欠条、留言和请假条等。 1. 便条可以有题目，也可以省略题目。
2. 便条开篇须有称呼语，但称呼可以比较随便。
3. 日期部分可写在便条的右上角。
4. 日期的签署通常只需写星期几或星期几的上午、下午，也可只写上午或下午和具体时间。只写日期也可以。
5. 便条结尾须署上留条人的姓名，位置在正文的右下角。
6. 便条的形式和内容简洁，故可以用几句话概括。
7. 文内语言尽量通俗口语化，简单扼要，直截了当，无需使用客套语言。 8. 便条虽简单，但中心务必突出，更要注明活动的时间及地点。
9. 便条不需邮寄，不用信封。通常请人代为转交。有时可写在留言板和留言簿上。 基本写作格式
便条内容和类型不尽相同，可以灵活变通。但各类便条必须 包括以下几个基本要素；1）Date：便条日期2）Salutation：称 呼3）Body：正文4）Signature：署名 Section IV Language Skill Development 现在进行时 (Present Continuous Tense)
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1. 定义: 现在进行时是表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作的时态。 2. 构成： (1) 肯定式：
I am/You are/He is/She is/We are/You are/They are working.
(2) 否定式：I’m not/You aren’t/He isn’t /She isn’t/We aren’t /You aren’t /They aren’t working. (3) 疑问式：
Are you/Is he/Is she/Are they working?
What are you/is he/is she/are you/are they doing? 3. 用法:
(1) 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。e.g.:
Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition. 不要吵闹。我正在写作文。
She isn‘t writing her homework now. 她现在没在写作业。
Is anyone singing in the next room? 有人在隔壁唱歌吗？
(2) 有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用现在进行时，e.g.:
It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground.
现在是下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。
(3) 表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作,常与today，this week，this evening，these days连用。e.g.: They are compiling a dictionary. 他们在编一本词典。
(4) 在口语中表示主语计划将要做的动作，常与come，go，leave， depart，arrive，stay，start等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不 是状态，主语必须是人。e.g.:
They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。
(5) 有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和
now连用外，一般不和其他时间副词连用。适合于此种用法的动词有：bet /grow/become/turn/run/go(变成)，begin，forget，remember， die，finish，find，rise等。e.g.: Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）
1. 定义：表示到现在为止已完成或仍在持续的动作、状态;强调对现在的影响、联系,或表示经历、经验，即用过去发生的动作来说明现在的情况。 2. 构成：have(has)+过去分词。 3. 用法：
(1) 表示某个已经发生且对现在造成影响或结果的动作，这种情况常不与任何时间状语连用。e.g.:
I'm sorry I have lost my key. I can't open the door.
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对不起，我把钥匙弄丢了。门开不了了。(钥匙是什么时候弄丢的，不知 道。关键是结果，结果是没有钥匙不能开门。） --- Have you had lunch yet? --- Yes, I have. I've just had it. -- 你吃过午饭了吗？
-- 是的，刚吃过。
I haven‘t read the letter, so I don‘t know what it is about. （否定式） 我还没读信，所以不知道是什么事。
(2) 表示过去某一时刻发生，且延续到现在的动作或状态。e.g.: We have lived here since last October. 自从去年十月份我们就一直住在这儿。
这种情况不能和明确表示过去的时间连用，如：yesterday，last year，two years ago，in 1999，just now等。 常与以下词语连用：
表示一段的时间状语for，since，in the last few years 表示过去的时间副词just，before，recently
表示不确定的时间副词 already，yet（用于疑问句），never，ever， not...yet
包含现在的时间状语today，this week，this year，now，so far。 (3) 在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中代替将来完成时。e.g.: I'll go with you when I have made the model plane. 我做完模型飞机就同你一块去。
(4) 在“It's the first time that...”句中可以用现在完成时。e.g.: It's the first time that I have seen this kind of film. 这是我第一次看这样的电影。
现在完成进行时(Present Perfect Continuous Tense)
1. 定义：表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在而且现在或者目前一段时间正在进行的一种时态。
2. 构成：have(has)+been+现在分词 3. 用法：
(1)用来表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。现在这个动 作可能刚刚终止，也可能仍在进行。e.g.: I have been sitting here all afternoon. 我在这儿坐了一下午了。
They have been fighting for independence since 1960s. 他们从60年代以来一直为独立而斗争。
(2) 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别:
现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续。
现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过。 e.g.:
I have been writing an article. 我一直在写一篇文章。(仍在) I have written an article.
这已写好一篇文章。(已完成)
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I have read that book before.
以前我曾读过那本书。(动作在过去曾经发生过)
现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束的动作，强调动作在不久前持续进行，带 有感情色彩。
现在完成时表示已经结束的动作，强调动作的结果。e.g.: Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere. 你到哪里去了?我们到处在找你。(表示刚刚结束的动作)
We have looked for him, but haven't found him.
我们找过他，但没有找到他。(表示动作已结束，强调动作的结果) 现在完成进行时表示现在以前的这段时间内反复发生的事情。e.g.: All these years， they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。 Section V Extended Exercises
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Unit Four Sports Learning Focus Section II Reading Text A
hono(u)r
n. good name; fame; glory荣誉；名誉；光荣
n. great respect ,often publicly expressed 尊敬；敬意
v. show respect to, give public praise and distinction to sb. 尊敬；给予荣誉 * * * * * *
She is an honor to our school. 她是我们学校的光荣。
They stood in silence as mark of honor to her. 他们静静地站着表示对她的尊敬。
I feel highly honored by trust. 得到你的信任， 我感到万分荣幸。
parade n . a ceremonial procession including people marching列队 v. to march in a procession检阅,游行 * * * * * *
The Olympic Games begin with a parade of all the competing nations. 奥运会以参赛各国运动员的列队行进开始。 The strikers paraded through the city center. 罢工队伍游行穿过市中心。
She paraded up and down in her new hat. 她戴着新帽子在人前走来走去。
ceremony n . a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions. 典礼，仪式 * * * * * *
What the old headmaster said at the graduation ceremony dwells in my mind. 老校长在毕业典礼上讲的话一直留在我的脑海里。 They hold a mystic religious ceremony. 他们举行了一个神秘的宗教仪式。
The students and teachers of the school will hold a ceremony this Sunday. 这个星期天全校师生将要举行一场典礼。
custom n. a custom is something that people usually do. 习惯；习俗；风俗 * Custom rules the law. * 【谚】风俗左右法律。 * * * *
Social customs vary greatly from country to country. 各国之间的社会习俗不尽相同。 It is his habit to take a cold bath every day. 他养成每天洗冷水浴的习惯。
host n. people who have guests in his home 主人
n. a country that holds and arranges a special event 东道主 v. be the host of or for 主持,做东 * *
He acted as host at the party. 他在宴会上扮演主人角色。
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* * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Which country will be the host country for the next Olympic Games? 哪个国家将是下届奥运会的主办国？ Beijing is able to host Olympic Games. 北京有能力主办奥运会。
appeals on behalf of the disadvantaged 为社会底层的人所作的呼吁
On behalf of my colleagues and myself I thank you. 我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。
I intervened on her behalf to try to get the decision changed. 我为她力争，以求改变决定。 He swore an oath to support the king. 他宣誓支持国王。
The judge reminded the witness that she was under oath. 法官提醒那个证人她已经宣过誓了。
behalf n. as the representative of sb or instead of them， on behalf of 代表某人
oath n . a formal promise to do sth. or a formal statement that sth. is true 宣誓，誓言
display n. an act of displaying something, or something that is displayed 陈列；展览；汇 v. to show, make visible or apparent显示,表现,夸示 * * * * * *
The climax of the celebration was a firework display. 庆祝会的高潮是燃放烟火。
His paintings are on display at the exhibition. 他的绘画正在展览会上展出。
The bestsellers were sold out before they were displayed. 这些畅销书尚未陈列就卖光了。
award
n. something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery 奖,奖品
v. to give, especially as an honor or reward授予，奖励 * * * * * *
The award for this year's best actress went to Meryl Streep. 本年度最佳女演员的得奖者是梅里尔·斯特里普。 He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner. 他跑得最快, 因而获得了金牌。
The school awarded Merry a prize for her good work. 学校因为她工作好而奖励了梅丽。
gain v. to obtain (something useful, advantageous, wanted, profitable, etc) 获得；得到 * He gained/won the Nobel Prize for physics in 1921. * 他在1921年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖金。 * *
We shall gain experience through practice. 我们将通过实践获得经验。
It was not until 1928 that there were any track and field events for women. 直到1928年之前没有任何妇女的田径运动项目。 * * *
= Not until 1928 were there any track and field events for women. = There were no any track and field events for women until 1928. not until… 直到…才… , 用于It was…that…强调句
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* * * * * * * * * * * *
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是位著名影星。 It was not until the last term that he finished his studying. 直到最后一学期他才完成学业。
It was not until the meeting started that he appeared. 直到会议开始他才出现。
It was they that（who）cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天打扫教室的是他们。（强调主语） It was in the street that I met her father. 我昨天遇见她爸爸的地点是在大街上。（强调地点状语） It was Mary that John gave a handbag to at Christmas. 圣诞节上约翰将包给了玛丽。（强调宾语）
introduce v . make known for the first time to each other or someone else, esp, by telling two people each other‘s names 介绍；引见；使互相认识 * * * * * *
Let me introduce you to the pleasures of wine-tasting. 我来给你说说品酒的乐趣。
The company is introducing a new family saloon this year. 公司准备今年推出一种新型家庭轿车。 He introduced a motion to the Congress. 他向国会提交了一份议案。
Reading Comprehension
1. What is in spirit of the Olympics? * ---To take part is what matters
* ---―And though I am to defeat you, should I succeed I will not humiliate you, instead, I will honor you. For without you, I am a lesser man.‖ * *
--- to be faster, higher and stronger ---We want friendship, love and peace.
* ---The spirit of the Olympics also includes tolerance and understanding of the diversity of cultures. The Olympics help to eliminate cultural prejudices and bias. 2. Which country firstly began the Olympics?
* The Olympic Games begun at Olympia in Greece in 776 BC. The Greek calendar was based on the Olympiad, the four-year period between games. The games were staged in the wooded valley of Olympia in Elis. Here the Greeks erected statues and built temples in a grove dedicated to Zeus, supreme among the gods. The greatest shrine was an ivory and gold statue of Zeus. Created by the sculptor Phidias, it was considered one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Scholars have speculated that the games in 776 BC were not the first games, but rather the first games were held after they were organized into festivals held every four years as a result of a peace agreement between the city-states of Elis and Pisa. The Eleans traced the founding of the Olympic games to their King Iphitos, who was told by the Delphi Oracle to plant the olive tree from which the victors' wreaths were made.
3. What were introduced into the Olympics in 1912? * Women‘s swimming events were introduced in 1912. Text B
* 但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:
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* * * * * *
1）当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时. e.g.: English is not too difficult to learn. 英语并不太难学。
He is too wise not to see that. 他很聪明,不会不懂这一点。
2）当too后是glad, pleased, happy, delighted, satisfied, ready, willing, kind, apt, good, true,
easy, near, careful, well, early, delicious, eager, anxious时,too前还常加上only, all, but, just, simply等副词, 意思不变,因为这些词加上too后与very同义. e.g.: * I'm only too glad to see you. * 见到你非常高兴。 * *
They are but too pleased to hear the news. 他们听到这个消息,非常高兴。
hang vt. to fix sth somewhere by its top part, so that the lower part is free * (hung; hung)把...挂起 * * * * * * * * *
He hung his coat on the hook. 他把衣服挂在钩子上。
The rooms were hung with tapestries. 这些房间都装饰着挂毯。 (hanged; hanged) 绞死;吊死 The man was hanged for murder. 那男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。
He hanged himself in sorrow after his wife died. 妻子死后，他因悲伤而自缢。
objective
n. an aim towards which you have to work目的,目标
adj. undistorted by emotion or personal bias; based on observable phenomena客观的 * * * *
A college education is my objective. 我的目标是接受大学教育。
You should take an objective view of a situation. 你应该对形势持客观的看法。
catch on: to understand, usually after some initial difficulty; to become popular理解；变得流行 * I didn't catch on to this joke. * 我没明白这个笑话。
* It is a nice song and I think it will catch on quickly. * 这首歌很好，我想它会很快流行起来。
wildfire n. a raging and rapidly spreading conflagration古时攻打敌船所用的燃料剂, 磷火,鬼火 * * * *
The news spread like wildfire. 这消息不胫而走。
to sell like hot wildfire 销售（消失）很快
Exercises
Practical Tasks
* 1. Miss May her homework yesterday evening. (forget) * 2. John to music when he came in. (listen)
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* 3. The students _ __ (write) busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _
__ (leave) in the office.
* 4. He told us he his homework already. (finish)
* 5. All the time he was his work when ha was out in Britain. (think of
3.老师曾经说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。 The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn‘t work hard. 4.那时我知道我已经出差错了。
Then, I knew that I had made a mistake. 5.上周萨拉去伦敦之前已经告诉她的朋友，她将去看他们。 Last week before she went to London, Sara had told her friends that she would visit them.
* Task 1 * *
Directions: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each statement. Task 2
* Directions: After reading the passage you are required to complete the statements that follow the questions within 3 words.
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月考试卷
1. For basketball, Naismith drafted 13 rules and ______, but many more were yet to come.
(regular)
2.
_________, there were 9 men to each team, but the objective was still the same as now. (origin)
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
That is in spirit of the Olympic---to take part is what ______. (matter) The man ran to the seaside, his hand ________ into the sky. (outstretch) Be slow in __ a friend, slower in changing. (choose)
He was the unknowing cause of all the _______. (misunderstand)
Whenever we go out to dinner with them, I always end up ______ the bill. (payment) What newspaper do you _______ to? (subscription)
We all have a _____ to protect the environment. (responsible) The radio was the old man‘s most ________ possession. (prize)
11.n.环境，周围的事物 12. a.现实的，现实主义的 13.v.获得，取得 14. a.精疲力竭的 15. v.铭记，雕刻 16. v.追求，有抱负，渴求17.n.毅力18. n.冲突，争执
19.n.交换，互换 20.a.不可缺少的，必需的21.n.容忍，宽容 22.v.使某人天生具有23.v.承认，坦白 24.n.忧愁，沮丧，消沉25.v.犹豫，踌躇 26. n.列队 27. n.宣誓，誓言
28.n.陈列，展览，汇演29.n.继承之物，遗物 30.v.采取，采纳，吸收
31.代表 32.使自己沉浸于 33.忽略了，看不见了34.不久 35.注意力集中于 36.一大堆37.弄清楚，使人明白
38.有回报，偿清欠款 39.对某人有利 40.承担，接受 41.开幕式42.东道国43.胜过某人44.充分利用45.适应新环境 46.我们要靠你帮忙。
47.听到那个消息，他目瞪口呆。 48.军人必须临危不惧。
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49.我今天在镇上遇到了大学同学。 50.毫无疑问，他是有罪的。 Translate the sentences into Chinese:
51.The fact is that the growing world popullation is becoming too large for our limited natural resources.
52. What I learned from my jobs has lasted a lifetime.
53. Something unexpected has happened which prevents me from keeping my promise. 54. I would never lose sight of my dream, for I could stand up all difficulties.
55. It gives us much pleasure to send you the goods asked for in your letter of September 10. Writing:
Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write a Note according to the following instructions given.
假如你校的外籍教师Becky任教期满准备回国，学校答应派车送她去机场。她在临行前一天(星期二)写了一张便条提醒国际交流中心刘老师，内容要点如下： 1. 请帮助检查明天的车是否落实，提醒司机明天早晨8点整在学校门口。 2. 她之所以要确定一下，是因为太早不好叫出租车。 3. 感谢学校一年来的关心。
4. 难忘在学校一年的教学，生活愉快，希望以后再来。
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Unit Five Health Learning Focus Section II Reading Text A
borderline n. line that marks a border 边界线; 国境线; 分界线 e.g. * The borderline between informal language and slang is hard to define. 口语和俚语之间的分界线是很难确定的。
* I'm not sure whether to pass him or fail him; he's a borderline case. 我拿不定主意给他及格还是不及格，他处于两可的情况下。 according to 根据,按照; 取决于; 据...所载;据...所说e.g.
* Please arrange the books according to size. 请按大小将书分类。 * He will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime. 他将据其罪行的轻重受到处罚。
* According to the Bible, Adam was the first man. 据《圣经》记载,亚当是人类始祖。
as well as 可作副词，介词以及连词。作并列连词时，连接两个相同的成分，如主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语等，表示“除…之外、不仅…还…、既…又…、不但…而且…、同、和、并、也”之意。
* 1) 连接名词或代词 e.g.
* In examining a problem, we ought to see the whole as well as the parts.
探讨问题时我们不仅要看到局部，也要看到全局。
* In many instances, it is necessary to consider the rate at which work is done as well as the total amount of work done.
在许多情况下，既要考虑所做的功的总量，也要考虑做功的效率。 * A as well as B 用作句子的主语时，谓语动词须同A保持数的一致。e.g. * The girl, as well as the boys, has learned to ride. 除了这些男孩子外，这个女孩也学会了骑马。 * Aluminum, as well as most metals, is a good conductor. 铝和大多数金属都是良导体。 * 2) 连接动词 e.g.
* as well as 后跟动词时，该动词通常用动名词的形式。
* Heavy smoking runs away with your money, as well as being bad for your health. 抽烟抽得多，既浪费钱，又对健康不利。
* He has his license taken away, as well as being fined five pounds. 他不仅被罚了五英镑，还被吊销了执照。 * * * *
如果as well as连接的是两个简单动词形式，它和第二个动词实际上起着插入语的作 He works, as well as sleeps, in the room. 他既在这间房里睡觉，又在这里工作。 He makes, as well as sells, shoes. 他既卖鞋，也做鞋。 如果第一个动词用于复合谓语（是分词或不定式），那么as well as后的动词应取相应
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用，那么，第二个动词则是限定动词，即与主语保持人称和数的一致。e.g.
形式，但不定式一般不带to。e.g.
* We are repairing the roof, as well as painting the walls. 我们既油漆墙壁，又修理屋顶。 * * * * * * * * *
as well as位于句首时，后面的动词则须用动名词形式：
As well as breaking his leg, he hurt his arm. 他不但摔断了腿，而且也伤了胳膊。 3) 连接形容词 e.g.
She’s clever as well as beautiful. 她不但漂亮，而且聪明。 The child is lively as well as healthy. 孩子既健康又活泼。 4) 连接介词短语或从句 e.g.
We shall travel by night as well as by day. 我们将日夜兼程。 We need air when we are asleep as well as when we are awake. 我们不仅在醒着的时候需要空气，在睡着的时候也需要空气。
* 5) 在表达“不但…而且…”的意义时，“A as well as B”结构的侧重点在A；“not only A … but (also) B”和“A and B as well”结构的侧重点在B。e.g.
* The house has a back door as well as a front door. = The house has not only a front door but also a back door.
* 不过，as well as语气不如not only…but also强，其语意也不及后者明朗清楚，有时甚至毫无“侧重”可言
* There still remains a lot of problems for us to investigate as well as solve. * 仍有许多问题有待我们去调查、解决。 lack vt. (通常不用于被动语态)缺少;没有 e.g. * *
I don't seem to lack anything. 我好像什么也不缺。
vi. 需要;缺少;不足;没有(+for) e.g. * They lacked for nothing. * 他们什么都不缺少。
n.欠缺;不足;没有 (+of);缺少的东西;需要的东西 e.g. * * * * * *
He can not buy it because of his lack of money. 他因缺钱买不起这个。 Water is a lack of this region. 这个地区缺水。
The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain. 医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。
alleviate v. to make (sth.) less severe; ease 减轻; 缓和 e.g.
victim n. person, animal or thing that is injured, killed or destroyed as the result of carelessness, crime or misfortune 被伤害、杀害或毁灭的人、动物或事物 e.g. * She was the victim of a road accident. 她是一场交通事故的受害者。
* He fell a victim to the dagger of an assassin. 他死于刺客的刀下。
alternate v. cause (things or people) to occur or appear one after the other; arrange by turns 使（事物或人）交替发生或出现; 轮流安排 e.g. * Our boss alternates kindness with severity. * 我们的老板时而和蔼,时而严厉。
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* For the next few days he alternated between hope and fear.
* 其后几天中他时而满怀希望,时而充满恐惧。
it is not good to eat too much at one meal: 句中的it 作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。it作形式主语时，并无实际语义，只是为满足语法上的需要，避免句子头重脚轻。用形容词或形容词短语作表语时，要注意两种情况。 *
1)下列形容词： kind, good, nice, clever, wrong, right ,foolish, wise, unwise, stupid, rude, careless, cruel, brave, naughty, polite, selfish等词作表语时，不定式前常可加一个由of引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况。形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的特征，即形容词用来描述不定式行为者的性格、品行等。 * * * * *
It was foolish of you to leave school. 你中途退学，真是傻瓜。
It was brave of her to speak out in public. 她能当众大声讲话，真勇敢。
2) 其他形容词作表语，常见的形容词有：necessary, hard， important, difficult, easy,
possible，common等。
* It is necessary to use a short-wave radio to pick up the programmes. * 必须用短波收音机才能收到节目。
* 如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加for ＋ 名词或代词 ＋ to do sth. (for 后的宾语不能作句子的主语)。名词或代词作不定式的逻辑主语，即表示不定式所指动作的执行者。在此句型中，形容词只对不定式行为者作某种描述，而不涉及其品行。 * * * * * * * * * * * * *
It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. 对于一个人来说做点好事并不难。
It’s common for leaves to fall from the trees in the fall. 秋天树叶从树上落下是件常事。 Not all men can be masters. 并非人人都能当头头。 I don't want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。
Not everyone likes this book. 并非人人都喜欢这本书。
Both (the) windows are not open. 两扇窗子并不都开着。
Subhealth, also called the third state or grey state, is explained as a borderline state
…work is not all of the life. 句中的not all是部分否定，表示\"并非都…\"、\"不是所有的都…\"
between health and disease.
* Symptoms include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions, insomnia, agitation, poor memory, or sometimes shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs. * * * *
---to form good living habits ---to alternate work with rest
---to exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities
---to eat less salt and sugar and eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish
* ---it is not good to eat too much at one meal
* The author think we should know that work is not all of the life. Life and work are an integral whole. we have many roles in our life and we have mental, emotional, spiritual and
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physical needs. Take time to consider our personal roles as father, mother, confidant(密友), daughter, son. Honor our needs, create calmness in our day and renew our spirit. Focusing on cultivating more balance in our life can help our work improve. 1. Have you ever heard of subhealth?
* Nowadays, more city people are becoming aware of “subhealth”. The problem is characterized by panic, short breath, listlessness, dizziness, headache, insomnia, etc. but it’s hard to find anything wrong by instruments in these cases.
* Subhealth is usually caused by overloaded pressures. It is a gray condition between healthy and disease, causing disorder of the body and mind. Scientists point out that high risk factors causes subhealthy conditions ,which are closely related to the unhappy life style and behaviors of the modern people, such as fast working pace, stress, smoking, drinking, lack of exercise, etc.
2. Do you think you are in subhealth sometimes?
* The problem is characterized by panic, short breath, listlessness, dizziness, headache, insomnia, etc. But it’s hard to find anything wrong by instruments in these cases. If you have these problems, you are subhealthy, or, have Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Surveys indicate that many white-collar workers or intellectuals have various subhealth symptoms. Some clinics have been established in some Chinese cities, which are devoted to psychiatric massage for patients in subhealth.
3. If you were in subhealth, what should you do to get rid of it? *
Subhealth belonging to the non-disease status, to get rid of sub-health state, mainly not on the doctor's diagnosis and treatment, drug efficacy, but to rely on their own initiative carried out consciously to prevent the laws regulating their own lives. * ---to balance nutrition * ---the protection of sleep * *
---to treate pressure ---to cultivate interest
* ---outdoor activities Text B
now that 从属连词，可以归入because, as, since这一家族，意思和since(既然，由于)接近，但now that必须引出一个新的情况。
* Now that everyone is here, let's start work． * 现在人都齐了，咱们开始干吧。
* Now that We have covered the whole chapter we may have a discussion next time we meet．
* 整个一章都看完了，下次见面时就可以讨论了。 at your own risk 自行负责 * * * *
Smoking is bad for health； people do so at their own risk. 吸烟有害健康，爱抽烟的人得自己负责。
If you go into the cave without waiting for the guide, you do it at your own risk. 如果你不等导游带领就进入洞中，一切后果自负。
lead to 导致
* Smoking can lead to lung cancer. * 抽烟可能导致肺癌。
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* * The mistake led to a disaster. 这个错误导致了一场灾难。
end up with 以…告终
* We started with soup, and fruit to end up with. * 我们开饭时先喝汤，最后吃水果。 * *
Englishmen often end up their breakfast with toast and marmalade. 英国人的早餐一般都是面包和果酱。
exposed to 处于;暴露于
* Iron will easily rust if exposed to the air. * 铁如果暴露在空气中，很容易生锈。 * *
They are exposed to attack everywhere. 他们到处被动挨打。
wear down 磨损，损耗，使疲劳，使厌烦，克服 * His heels always wear down on the outside first. * 他的鞋跟总是先从外侧开始磨损。 * *
We hope your persuasion will wear down his opposition. 我们希望你的劝说能够说服他。
prone to “有…倾向的”、“易于…的”、“很可能…的”。 * He is prone to indigestion. * 他很容易消化不良。 *
Husbands are also prone to jealousy, especially the husband who suffers from low self-esteem.
* 做丈夫的很容易产生嫉妒心理，尤其是那些自信心不足的。 * *
A goofy method of whitening your teeth is to use with strawberries.
If you don’t like strawberries, you could visit the dentist or you can do a little online
research yourself.
* The straw helps the drink bypass the teeth and gums and cuts down on your chances for dingy teeth.
(1) Are you a swimming fan? Do you know that you are at the risk while swimming?
* Because swimming regularly in pool water can cause stains! The chemicals used to clean pools can lead to a condition known as swimmers’ calculus that leaves brown stains on teeth. (1) Do you have a habit of biting nails? * Open answer Grammar Exercises
3. 昨天他们告诉我说他们将乘飞机回家度假。
Yesterday they told me that they would come home by air for the holiday. 4. 下周这个时候我将在飞往广州的途中。
This time of next week I shall be flying to Guangzhou. 5. 到今年年底，她在这个工厂工作就有20年了。
She will have been working in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year. *
Task 1
* Directions: After reading the passage you are required to complete the statements that follow the questions within 3 words.
* Task 2
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* Directions: Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each statement.
Unit Six Wealth Learning Focus Section II Reading Text A
widen V. become broader or wider or more extensive, make (clothes) larger, make wider, extend in scope or range or area. 弄宽 * *
Mr. Trent hopes the city won't go through with its plans to widen the street. 特伦特先生希望这座城市不会实现它的拓宽街道的计划。
* He wants to widen his knowledge of the industry. * 他想扩充自己在这一行业的知识。 appear to: seem to看起来像是，看起来似乎 * * * *
They appear to be able to handle the problem. 他们似乎可以处理这个问题。
These stars appear to move around the North Star. 这些星星似乎环绕着北极星转。
employment n. the state of being employed or having a job, the act of giving someone a job工作，职业，雇用，使用 * * * * * * * *
Dictionary-making has not been his exclusive employment. 编字典一直都不是他唯一的工作。
A degree is prerequisite for employment at this level. 必须具备大专院校的学位才能从事这一级的工作。 Prudent man always fits his standard of living to his budget. 谨慎的人总是使他的生活水平符合他的收支预算。 Young as he was, he was prudent. 他虽然如此年轻，却很慎重。
prudent a. careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment谨慎的
elegant a. refined and tasteful in appearance or behavior or style, suggesting taste, ease, and wealth, displaying effortless beauty and simplicity in movement or execution优雅的，精美的,俊美的 * * * *
He strolled about, looking very debonair in his elegant new suit. 他穿了一身讲究的新衣服逛来逛去, 显得颇为惬意。 I like my clothes to be simple but elegant. 我喜欢朴素但漂亮雅致的衣服。
annoyance n. the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed, something or someone that causes trouble; a source of unhappiness烦恼，可厌之事
* One of the annoyances of working here is the difficulty of parking near the office. * 在这里工作有一件伤脑筋的事，就是在办公处附近很难停车。 * *
He tried to walk off the annoyance his son gave him. 他想散散步驱走他儿子给他带来的烦恼。
embarrass v. cause to be embarrassed; cause to feel self-conscious使...困窘,使...局促不安，阻碍
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* * * * * * * *
She dragged up that incident just to embarrass me. 她又扯起那件事故意想使我难堪。 You didn't embarrass me in the slightest. 你一点也没让我为难。
Weeds tend to displace other plants. 杂草越来越多，有取代其他植物之势。
He's a good salesman, but his offhand manner does tend to put people off. 他是个很好的推销员，可是他那随便的态度容易使人产生反感。
tend to vt. have the tendency to do sth.倾向于(有助于，易于，引起，造成，势必)
generous a. willing to give and share unstintingly, not petty in character and mind, more than adequate慷慨的，宽宏大量的
* He's essentially a very generous man. * 他本质上是个十分慷慨的人。
* She was always very generous in her charity. * 她行善时总是很慷慨。
appearance n. outward or visible aspect of a person or thing, the act of appearing in public view外表，出现，出场
* The journal makes its appearance once two months. * 这本刊物两个月出版一次。 * *
I don't want to go to the party but I'd better put in an appearance, I suppose. 我不想参加那个聚会，可是我最好还是要露一下面。
luxurious a. displaying luxury and furnishing gratification to the senses, rich and superior in quality奢侈的，豪华的
* The lady appeared with a luxurious fur coat. * 那位夫人穿着华贵的毛皮外套来了。 * *
He took a long luxurious hot bath when he came back home. 回家后，他舒适地在热水中泡了很长时间。
arrogant a. having or showing feelings of unwarranted importance out of overbearing pride傲慢的，自大的
* He often speaks in an arrogant tone. * 他经常以一种傲慢的口气说话。
* Well as he does in study, he is not arrogant. * 虽然他功课很好，却一点都不傲慢。
scornful a. expressing extreme contempt轻蔑的 * * * * * *
He felt humiliated by her scornful remarks. 他听到她那些嘲讽的话而感到屈辱。
We are scornful of the forces of convention. 我们藐视习惯势力。
Social class differences are spreading on campus.
He met Beijing girl Juan on the bus. After exchanging a few words, they came to like
each other and later fell in love. But at last they ended the friendship.
* The survey shows that poor and rich students tend to dislike each other, especially during the beginning of their university studies. Exercises
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Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary and Structure Cloze
Translation
1. How is the problem of wealth gap and class difference in your college? *
Open answers
2. How do you think of the conflict between the rich and the poor students in the text? * The conflict between the rich and the poor students in the text is very serious. The situation might not have been like this if the two sides can understand each other in a better way.
3. What is your attitude toward the rich/the poor students in your college?
* I don’t think there should be wealth gap and class difference on campus. The students from rich family should not show off their richness, because the money they spend is given by their parents and not earned by themselves. The students from the poor family should treat rich students with a common eyesight without any feeling of being inferior to the rich ones.
Vocabulary and Structure
II. Fill in the blanks with the given words or expressions. Change the form where necessary. * 1. With the of the gap between the rich and the poor, class differences become a serious problem. (wide) *
2.
The
news
that
he
got
the
Golden medal in
the
competition
quickly on campus. (spread)
* 3. The serious situation of college students’ arouses the attention of the society. (employ)
* 4. He was in a trouble and cannot afford the university tuition because of the failure of his father’s business. (finance)
* 5. Juan felt in front of her friends, because Wang could not buy her a necklace as a birthday present. (embarrass)
* 6. A professor from Beijing Normal University did an to study this issue. (investigate)
* 7. She felt very over others because she was from a very wealthy family. (arrogant)
* 8. In a university such as to force students to buy useless books is unforgivable. (cruel)
* 9. He was a very student in his class, because he had to support himself. (economy)
* 10. Should student use some very products such as laptop, cell phone etc.? (luxury) Text B
gratitude n. a feeling of thankfulness and appreciation感谢的心情 * * *
She showed me her gratitude by inviting me to dinner. 她邀请我吃饭以表示她的感激。
We owe you a debt of gratitude for your help.
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* 承蒙帮助，感恩不尽。
talkative a. full of trivial conversation, unwisely talking too much, friendly and open and willing to talk喜欢说话的，饶舌的，多嘴的
* She was an over talkative person and hated by her classmates. * 她是一个非常多嘴的人，同学们都讨厌她。 * *
She became more talkative with her husband coming back home. 丈夫回家后她的话也多了起来。
tough a. not given to gentleness or sentimentality, very difficult; severely testing stamina or resolution, 强硬的，艰苦的，棘手的，严厉的 * *
We won the contract but only through a lot of tough negotiating. 我们赢得了合同，但是却经过了多次不屈不挠的谈判才达到目的。
* The company faces tough competition. * 这家公司面临着艰难的竞争。
endow v. give qualities or abilities to, furnish with an endowment捐赠，捐助，赋于 * * * *
He endowed the hospital with a large fortune. 他捐赠一笔巨款给这家医院。 He is endowed with literary talent. 他有文学天分。
alimony n. court-ordered support paid by one spouse to another after they are separated (离婚后丈夫给妻子的)赡养费 * * * * * * * *
Alimony is like buying oats for a dead horse. 给离婚妻子的赡养费，等于给死马买燕麦。
She is implacable an adversary as a wife suing for alimony. 有如诉讼要求赡养费的妻子一样，她是个难以折衷的对手。 He's come up with a great idea. 他想出了一个绝好的办法。
No one have come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaur die out. 尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝作出一个令人信服的解释。
come up with: to think of a method or way提出，想出
tremendous a. extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree, extraordinarily good; used especially as intensifiers, extreme in degree or extent or amount or impact巨大的，惊人的 * * * * * * * *
We got a tremendous surprise when she arrived. 她的到来使我们大吃一惊。
She rose above her difficulties and became a tremendous success. 她战胜了重重困难，取得了巨大的成功。 Many sleepers were fixed on a railway. 一条铁路上有许多固定了的枕木。 Can you fix on the submarine? 你能确定那潜艇的位置吗？
fix on to cause to be firmly attached确定，决定，固定
survive v. to continue to live; endure or last, continue in existence , support oneself, live longer than生存，生还
* In the jungle, they were driven to extremes in order to survive.
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* * *
在丛林中, 他们为了生存被迫采取极端行动.
These birds are able to survive the perils of the Arctic winter. 这些鸟能够战胜北极冬天的危险。
mop n. cleaning implement consisting of absorbent material fastened to a handle; for cleaning floors拖把，乱蓬蓬的头发
v. to wash or wipe with or as if with a mop用拖把洗擦,擦,拭 * * * *
She mops her tears with a towel. 她用毛巾擦眼泪。 Here is a dish mop. 这儿是洗碗刷。
scrub n. dense vegetation consisting of stunted trees or bushes, the act of cleaning a surface by rubbing it with a brush and soap and water用力擦洗，矮树，渺小之物
v. to clean with hard rubbing, wash thoroughly, postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled用力擦洗
* Although she scrubbed the old pot thoroughly, she could not make it look completely clean.
* 虽然她彻底地用力擦洗那只旧壶，但她无法把它完全洗干净。 * * * * * *
Give that floor a good hard scrub. 使劲擦洗一下那地板。
The accused man denies that he has ever met her. 被告否认他曾经遇到过她。
He has denied his country and his principles! 他已经背弃了自己的国家和原则！
deny v. declare untrue, contradict; refuse to accept or believe否认
scrape v. cut the surface of; wear away the surface of, gather (money or other resources) together over time, bruise, cut, or injure the skin or the surface of刮掉，擦掉，积攒 * Scrape your shoes on the door mat before you come in. * 进屋前先在门口擦鞋垫上擦一擦鞋子。 * *
I must have scraped some of the paint off when I was parking the car. 我准是停放汽车的时候刮掉了一些油漆。
Exercises
* 6. I was the chance of going to university. (deny) * * * *
7. He led his life, pinching and . (scrape) 8. Not everyone was born with such as you. (endow) 9. I have to the kitchen floor at least once a day. (mop) 10. She got a after years of unhappiness. (divorce)
Grammar Exercises
3.父亲说过明年带我去北京。
Father said that he would take me to Beijing the next year. 4.老师说到这学期末时我们将学完10课。
The teacher said that we would have learnt ten lessons by the end of this term.
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