【篇一：2003年9月英语六级真题(含答案)】
2003年9月英语六级真题 passage one
questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
in 1985 when a japan air lines (jal) jet crashed, its president, yasumoto takagi, called each victim’s family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. and in 1987, when a subsidiary of toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former soviet union, the chairman of toshiba gave up his post.
these executive actions, which toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to us managers. no one at boeing resigned after the jal crash, which may have been caused by a faulty boeing repair.
the difference between the two business cultures centers around different
definitions of delegation. while us executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the soviets had its own management, the toshiba top executives said they “must take personal
responsibility for not creating an atmosphere throughout the toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.”
such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in
japan. school principals in japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours. even if they do not quit, japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of community and employee loyalty that is crucial to the japanese way of doing business.
harvard business school professor george lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the
united states, such resignations look cowardly. however, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem
particularly good at evading responsibility, many us managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the japanese sense of responsibility, if, for instance, us automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries
before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character.
21. why did the chairman of toshiba resign his position in 1987? a) in japan, the leakage of a slate secret to russians is a grave came. b) he had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.
c) in japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held
responsible for the mistake made by its subsidiaries. 最高主管要对子公司负责
d) he had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.
22. according to the passage if you want to be a good manager in japan, you have to ________. 迅速道歉
c) make symbolic sacrifices whenever necessary d) create a strong sense of company loyalty
23. what’s professor george lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of japanese corporate leaders? a) sympathetic c) critical 批评的 b) biased. d) approving.
24. which of the following statements is true? a) boeing had nothing to do with the jal air crash in 1985.
b) american executives consider authority and responsibility inseparable. 权威和责任是不可分割的
c) school principals bear legal responsibility for students crimes.
d) persuading employees to take pay cuts doesn’t help solve corporate crises.
25. the passage is mainly about ________.
a) resignation as an effective way of dealing with business crises
b) the importance of delegating responsibility to employees c) ways of evading responsibility in times of crises
d) the difference between two business cultures 商业文化企业文化
passage two
questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. as machines go, the car is not terribly noisy, nor terribly
polluting, nor terribly dangerous; and on all those dimensions it has become better as the century has grown older. the main problem is its prevalence, and the social costs that ensue from the use by everyone of something that would be fairly
harmless if, say, only the rich were to use it. it is a price we pay for equality. 如果仅仅是富人使用的话 就好了
before becoming too gloomy, it is worth recalling why the car has been arguably the most successful and popular product of the whole of the past 100 years—and remains so. the story begins with the environmental improvement it brought in the 1900s. in new york city in 1900, according to the car culture. a 1975 book by j. flink, a historian, horses deposited 2.5 millioo pounds of manure(粪)and 60,000 gallons of urine (尿) every day. every year, the city authorities had to remove an
average of 15,000 dead horses from the streets, it made cars smell of roses. 比马污染轻
cars were also wonderfully flexible. the main earlier solution to horse pollution and traffic jams was the electric trolley bus (电车). but that required fixed overhead wires, and rails and platforms, which were expensive, ugly, and inflexible, the car could go from any a to any b, and allowed towns to develop in all directions with low-density housing, rather than just being concentrated along the trolley or rail lines. rural areas benefited too, for they became less remote.
however, since pollution became a concern in the 1950s, experts have
predicted—wrongly—that the car boom was about to end. in his book mr. flink
argued that by 1973 the american market had become saturated, at one car for every
2.25 people, and so had the markets of japan and western europe (because of land shortages). environmental worries and diminishing oil reserves would prohibit mass car use anywhere else.
he was wrong, between 1970 and 1990, whereas america’s population grew by 23%, the aumber of cars on its roads grew by 60%, there is now one car for every 1.7 people there, one for every 2.1 in japan, one for every 5.3 in britain. around 550 million cars are already on the roads, not to mention all the trucks and mocorcyeles, and about 50 million new ones are made each year worldwide. will it go on? undoubtedly, because people want it to.
26. as is given in the first paragraph, the reason why the car has become a problem is that ________. a) poor people can’t afford it
b) it is too expensive to maintain 社会成本太高 c) too many people are using it
d) it causes too many road accidents
27. according to the passage, the car started to gain popularity because ________.
a) it didn’t break down as easily as a horse b) it had a comparatively pleasant odor
c) it caused less pollution than horses 汽车污染轻 d) it brightened up the gloomy streets
28. what impact did the use of cars have on society? a) people were compelled to leave downtown areas.
b) people were able to live in less crowded suburban areas. 居住不拥挤的地方
c) business along trolley and rail lines slackened. d) city streets were free of ugly overhead wires.
29. mr.flink argued in his book that cars would not be widely used in other countries because ________.
a) the once booming car market has become saturated
b) traffic jams in those countries are getting more and more serious
30. what’s wrong with mr.flink’s prediction?
a) the use of automobiles has kept increasing worldwide. 继续增长
b) new generations of cars are virtually pollution free. c) the population of america has not increased as fast.
d) people’s environmental concerns are constantly increasing. passage three
questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
crying is hardly an activity encouraged by society. tears, be they of sorrow, anger, on joy, typically make americans feel uncomforuble and embarrassed. the shedder of tears is likely to apologize, even when a devastating (毁灭性的) tragedy was the provocation. the observer of tears is likely to do everything possible to put an end to the emotional outpouring. but
judging form recent studies of crying behavior, links between illness and crying and the chemical composition of tears, both those responses to tears are often inappropriate and may even be counterproductive.
humans are the only animals definitely known to shed
emotiomal tears. since evolution has given rise to few, if any, purposeless physiological responset, it is logical to assume that crying has one or more functions that enhance survival. although some observers have suggested that crying is a way to elicit assistance from others (as a crying baby might from its mother), the shedding of tears is hardly necessary to get help. vocal cries would have been quite enough, more likely than tears to gain attention, so, it appears, there must be something special about tears themselves.indeed, the new studies suggest that emotional tears may play a direct role in alleviating stress, university of minnesota researchers who are studying the chemical composition of tears have recently isolated two important chemicals from emotional tears. both chemicals are found only in tears that are shed in response to emotion. tears shed because of exposure to =cut onion would contain no such substance. researchers at several other institutions are investigating the usefulness of tears as a means of diagnosing human ills and monitoring drugs.
at tulane university’s teat analysis laboratory dr.peter kastl and his colleagues report that they can use tears to detect anduncomfortable, to study the causes of “dry eye” syndrome and the effects of eye surgery, and perhaps even to measure exposure to environmental pollutants.at columbia university dt.liasy faris and colleagues are studying tears for clues to the diagnosis of diseases away from the eyes. tears can be obtained
painlessly without invading the body and only tiny amounts are needed to perform highly refined analyses.
坏的影b) crying may often imitate people or even result in tragedy
c) crying usually wins sympathy from other people d) one who sheds tears in public will be blamed
32. what does “both those responses to tears”(line 6, para, 1) refer to?
a) crying out of sorrow and shedding tears for happiness. b) the embarrassment and unpleasant sensation of the observers. c)道歉和停止哭泣
d) linking illness with crying and finding the chemical composition of tears.
33. “counterproductive” (lines 6-7, para,1) very probably means “________”.
a) having no effect at all
b) leading to tension c) producing disastrous impact 34. what does the author say about crying? d) it usually produces the desired effect.
35. what can be inferred from the new studies of tears?
a) emotional tears have the function of reducing stress. 缓解压力
b) exposure to excessive medication may increase emotional tears.
c) emotional tears can give rise to “dry eye” syndrome in some cases.
d) environmental pollutants can induce the shedding of emotional tears. passage four
questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage. it is no secret among athletes that in order to improve performance you’ve got to work hard
and certain systems within the muscle cells. during recovery periods these systems build to greater levels to compensate for the stress that you have applied. the result is that you are now at a higher level of performance.
if sufficient rest is not included in a training program,
imbalance between excess training and inadequate rest will occur, and performance will decline. the
“overtraining syndrome(综合症)” is the name given to the collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms
due to overtraining that has persisted for weeks to months. it is marked by cumulative exhaustion that persists even after recovery periods.
the most common symptom is fatigue. this may limit workouts and may be present at rest. the athlete may also become moody, easily imitated, have altered sleep patterns, become depressed, or lose the competitive desire and enthusiasm for the sport, some will report decreased appetite and weight loss. physical symptoms include persistent muscular soreness,
increased frequency of viral (病毒性的) illnesses, and increased incidence of injuries.
the treatment for the overtraining syndrome is rest. the longer the overtraining has occurred, the more rest required,
therefore, early detection is very important, if the overtraining has only occurred for a short period of time (e.g. 3-4 weeks) then interrupting training for 3-5 days is usually sufficient rest. it is important that the factors that lead to overtraining be identified and corrected. otherwise, the
【篇二：2003年9月英语六级作文真题-图书流动量】
it can be discerned that the american students prefer to read the popular novel rather than other kind of books, such as the unpopular novel, the books of technology, poem and so on. the percentage of the popular novel currently is about 68.2%. other kind of novels currentis, relatively, about 16.8%, 8.3%, and 5.2%.
it is not hard to think out why the popular novels can attract so many students. the popular novel is interesting, and not so abstract as books that full of the mathematic formulate.
however, as university students, study is the first task for us to do. so we should pay more attention to the books about our major. fictions may color our life, but it can not be the key part of our studying life.
personally, i would like to spend my free time in reading
books about my major, such as technology digests, computer newspaper. because i want do a good job in my subjects.
fortunately, my dreams come true, meanwhile, ive gained other things--i found a solid basic knowledge about my major-make me feel easy to contrive the electronic circuit which have to be done during our bachelor years. thanks to those books!
【篇三：2003年9月大学英语六级真题及答案】
2003年9月大学英语六级(cet-6)真题试卷
part i listening comprehension (20 minutes) section a
directions: in this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. at the end of each
conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. both the
conversation and the question will be spoken only once. after each
question there will be a pause. during the pause, you must read the four
choices marked a), b), c) and d), and decide which is the best answer.
then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line
through the centre. example:
you will hear: you will read: a) 2 hours. b) 3 hours. c) 4 hours. d) 5 hours.
from the conversation, we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9’ o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. therefore,
d) “5 hours” is the correct answer. you should choose [d] on the answer sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. 1. a) the lecture for next monday is cancelled. b) the lecture wasn’t as successful as expected. c) the woman doesn’t want to attend the lecture. d) the woman may attend next monday’s lecture. 2. a) the woman has a very tight budget.
b) he does not think the fur coat is worth buying.
c) he’s willing to lend the woman money for the fur coat.
d) the woman is not careful enough in planning her spending. 3. a) clean the kitchen.
b) ask someone to fix the sink.
c) find a bigger apartment for the lady.
d) check the work done by the maintenance man. 4. a) the lens. b) the price. c) the flash.
d) the leather case.
5. a) she needs another haircut soon.
b) she thinks it worthwhile to try sadermale’s.
c) she knows a less expensive place for a haircut.
d) she would like to make an appointment for the man. 6. a) the woman doesn’t want to cook a meal. b) the woman wants to have a picnic. c) the woman has a poor memory. d) the woman likes mexican food.
7. a) everyone enjoyed himself at john’s panics. b) the woman didn’t enjoy john’s parties at all.
c) it will be the first time for the man to attend john’s party. d) the woman is glad to be invited to john’s house-warming party.
8. a) she lacks confidence in herself.
b) she is not interested in computer programming.
c) she has never signed up for any competition before. d) she is sure to win the programming contest.
9. a) the man has an enormous amount of work to do. b) the man has made plans for his vacation.
c) the man will take work with him on his vacation. d) work stacked up during the man’s last vacation. 10. a) she likes the job of feeding fish. b) she finds her new job interesting. c) she feels unfit for her new job. d) she’s not in good health. section b
directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short passages. at the end of each passage,
you will hear some questions. both the passage and the questions will be
spoken only once. after you hear a question, you must choose the best
answer from the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the
corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
passage one
questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. a) rally support for their movement.
b) liberate women from tedious housework.
c) claim their rights to equal job opportunities.
d) express their anger against sex discrimination. 12. a) it will bring a lot of trouble to the local people. b) it is a popular form of art.
c) it will spoil the natural beauty of their surroundings. d) it is popular among rock stars.
13. a) to show that mindless graffiti can provoke violence. b) to show that londoners have a special liking for graffiti.
c) to show that graffiti, in some cases, can constitute a crime. d) to show that graffiti can make the environment more colorful.
passage two
questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. a) the asian elephant is easier to tame.
b) the asian elephant’s skin is more valuable.
c) the asian elephant is less popular with tourists.
d) the asian elephant produces ivory of a better quality. 15. a) from the captured or tamed elephants. b) from the british wildlife protection group.
c) from elephant hunters in thailand and burma. d) from tourists visiting the thai-burmese border. 16. a) their taming for circuses and zoos. b) the destruction of their natural homes.
c) man’s lack of knowledge about their behavior.
d) the greater vulnerability to extinction than other species. passage three
questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. a) they had lost their jobs as a result of the industrial revolution.
b) they had been suffering from political and religious oppression.
c) they wanted to flee from the widespread famine in northern europe.
d) they wanted to make a fortune there by starting their own businesses.
18. a) they might lose control of their members because of the increase in immigration.
b) their members might find it difficult to get along with the newcomers.
c) the working condition of their members might deteriorate. d) their members might lose their jobs to the newcomers. 19. a) to impose restrictions on further immigration. b) to improve the working conditions of immigrants. c) to set a minimum wage level for new immigrants. d) to put requirements on languages for newcomers.
20. a) they were looked down upon by european immigrants. b) they had a hard time seeking equal job opportunities. c) they worked very hard to earn a decent living. d) they strongly opposed continued immigration. part ii reading comprehension (35 minutes)
directions: there are four passages in this part. each passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices
marked a), b), c) and d). you should decide on the best choice and mark
the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
passage one
questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
in 1985 when a japan air lines (jal) jet crashed, its president, yasumoto takagi, called each victim’s family to apologize, and then promptly resigned. and in 1987, when a subsidiary of toshiba sole sensitive military technology to the former soviet union, the
chairman of toshiba gave up his post.
these executive actions, which toshiba calls “the highest form of apology,” may seem bizarre to us managers. no one at boeing resigned after the jal crash, which may have been caused by a faulty boeing repair.
the difference between the two business cultures centers around different definitions of delegation.
while us executives give both responsibility and authority to their employees, japanese executives delegate only authority—the responsibility is still theirs. although the subsidiary that sold the sensitive technology to the soviets had its own
management, the toshiba top executives said they “must take personal responsibility for not creating an atmosphere
throughout the toshiba group that would make such activity unthinkable, even in an independently run subsidiary.”
such acceptance of community responsibility is not unique to businesses in japan. school principals in japan have resigned when their students committed major crimes after school hours.
even if they do not quit, japanese executives will often accept primary responsibility in other ways, such as taking the first pay cut when a company gets into financial trouble. such personal sacrifices, even if they are largely symbolic, help to create the sense of communi
ty and employee loyalty that is crucial to the japanese way of doing business.
harvard business school professor george lodge calls the ritual acceptance of blame “almost a feudal (封建的) way of purging (清除) the community of dishonor,” and to some in the united states, such resignations look cowardly. however, in an era in which both business and governmental leaders seem particularly good at evading responsibility, many us managers would probably welcome an infusion (灌输) of the japanese sense of responsibility. if, for instance, us automobile company executives offered to reduce their own salaries
before they asked their workers to take pay cuts, negotiations would probably take on a very different character.
21. why did the chairman of toshiba resign his position in 1987? a) because in japan, the leakage of a state secret to russians is a grave crime.
b) because he had been under attack for shifting responsibility to his subordinates.
c) because in japan, the chief executive of a corporation is held responsible for the
mistake made by its subsidiaries.
d) because he had been accused of being cowardly towards crises that were taking place in his corporation.
22. according to the passage if you want to be a good manager in japan, you have to ________.
a) apologize promptly for your subordinates’ mistakes b) be skillful in accepting blames from customers
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