之二：说明文
一、高分技巧
1.写作要求
（1）要对事物的特征做出直接的说明，一般不要求有感情色彩的描绘。 （2）仔细观察，抓住事物的个性特征。
（3）安排好合理的说明顺序，有条有理。如：时间、空间、逻辑和认识等顺序。
（4）根据实际需要确定说明方法，如：定义说明、注释说明、举例说明、分类说明、描述说明、数字说明、分析说明和综合说明等。
（5）通常用一般现在时来强调客观事实，因此使用被动语态的句子屡见不鲜。 2.展开主题的方法
写好说明文的关键，在于如何对文章主题进行展开说明，下面即为展开主题的一些方法：
（1）罗列法一一在文章开始时提出需要说明的事物和观点，然后用first/ second等词加以罗列说明。罗列法广泛地运用于各类指导性的说明文中。
（2）举例法——用具体的例子说明要表达的意思，常用 such as/ for example等。 （3）比较法把两对象进行比较，从而进行说明。 （4）定义法一一对具体事物概念进行说明。
（5）顺序法一一按时间、空间成过程的顺序进行说明。 （6）分类法一一将写作对象进行分类说明。 二、写作模板
【参考提纲】
第一段：提出文章主题，整体阐述或说明文章的主要内容。 第二段：根据题目提示或要求，按照文章主题详细展开描述或说明。 第三段：对文章的主题进行归纳总结。 【参考模板】
As we all know, （事物名称）plays an important role in our daily life（明事物的特征、性能等）. First of alL, （举例说明事物的用途1）. Second. （用途2）. Third (用途3). In a word, (事物名称)is a wonderful thing. We’d better take good use of it. 三、经典例题1
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经典例题1
(中考真题改编）书包伴我学习，伴我成长，某英文报以“ My Schoolbag”为题，举办中学生征文活动。请根据下表信息，写一篇短文。内容包括：书包的外形特征、内部结构以及用途。
提示：
（1）短文应包括图表中所有信息，条理清楚，行文连贯，段落分明； （2）短文中不能出现真实人名地名；
（3）词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
My Schoolbag
I have a choolbag.____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【高分范文】
My Schoolbag
I have a schoolbag. It is used for carrying the school things such as books, pens and so on. It looks like a luggage which alwaysaccompanies me n the world of knowledge
My schoolbag is always by my side. love my schoolbag so much because of its inner structure. My schoolbag is not onlybeautiful. but the function is all good. It has eight pockets. and eachhas its own purpose. The biggest bag can be used to put books, penslunch boxes and other things. Inside the big bag there is a smallerone, which is used to put some private things. such as money. mealcards and so on. The outboard of schoolbag still has a
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transparentsmall bag. and can put a few easy things in it. It is so convenientOther small bags can also contain a lot of things. I can put my keys.
notes and other small things in them according to my own habits.
This is my schoolbag, and what's yours like?
【高分词汇】structure n.结构，构造，建筑物 v.组织，构成，建造 purpose n.目的，用途 意志 v.决心，企图，打算 private adj.私人的，私有的 【高分短语】
not only…but（also）… 不但……而且…… such as例如
be used to习惯于……
according to…根据……，由……得知 【高分句子】
（1）Inside the big bag there is a smaller one, which is used to put some private things, such as money, meal cards and so on.在大包的内侧有一个小包，用来放一些私人物品.例如钱、饭卡等。
（2）Other small bags can also contain a lot of things. I can put my keys, notes and other small things in them according to my own habits.其他包里面也可以放很多东西。我可以根据自己的习惯来放钥匙、便签等小物件
经典例题2
(中考真题改编）你校将开设一些特色课程，学生可根据兴趣进行选择。请根据以下内容提示为学校英文网页写一篇短文，介绍这些课程的特色和用途，提出你建议增设的课程并说明理由。
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注意:
（1）参考词汇：模型制作model making；
（2）80词左右（文章开头已给出，不计入总词数）； （3）不得透露任何真实信息。
Special courses
Students in our school are free to choose some courses occording to their interest. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【高分范文】
Special courses
Students in our school are free to choose some courses according to their interest. These courses will help students relax themselves after school. There are many courses for them to choose,such as Enguish drama, football, model making and so on. Here is more information.
If you want to improve your oral English. English drama may be the first choice. It is a good chance to practice not only oral English, but also performing skills, If you are interested in football, take the football course. It can stregthen the body and enhance the sense of teamwork. What about model making? You will enjoy yourself in the science world and increase your interest in studying science.
I hold the view that a painting course can be added. because students like drawing so much. I hope these courses would be helpful and each student would enjoy a bright and colorful school life here!
【高分词汇】
oral adj.口头的，口述的 n.口试 strengthen v.加强，巩固；变强，变坚挺 enhance v.提高，加强，增加
sense n.感觉，功能，观念，道理， 理智 v.感觉到，检测 【高分短语】
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acording to根据……
I hold the view that……我认为，我觉得（等问于I think……） be interested in对……感兴趣 【高分句子】
（1）It is a good chance to practice not only oral English, but also performing skills.这不仅是一个练习口语的好机会，还是一个练习表演技巧的好机会。
（2）It can strengthen the body and enhance the sense of teamwork.它能强身健体，增强团队意识。 （3）I hold the view that a painting course can be added, because students like drawing so much.我认为可以增加一门画画课，因为学生非常喜欢画画。 四、高分集训
（一）
（河师大附中模拟试题改编）以“环境保护”为主题写一篇不少于100词的短文。 要求：
（1）突出环保的重要性； （2）环保从我做起；
（3）举例说明污染环境带来的后果。
Environmental protection
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（二）
（河南省实验中学月考试题改编）英语是全球通用的语言，所以学好英语很重要。请以“The importance of English”为题写一篇100——120词左右的短文，说明英语的用途以及重要性。
The importance of English
________________________________________________________________________________________
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____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（三）
（郑州八中模拟试题改编）水是生命之源。随着水资源的短缺，节约用水是我们每个责任，请以此为话题写一篇不少于100词的短文。
主要内容：
（1）说明人们是怎么浪费或污染水的； （2）为什么要节约用水以及节约的科学必要性； （3）怎么节约用水。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（四）
（郑州外国语中学模拟试题改编）假设某中学生英文报开展关于计算机与学生生活的征文活动，请你以“Computer in my life”为题，用英语为该报写一篇短文，举例说明计算机对你日常生活的帮助以及计算机在你生活中的用途，并就计算机对你生活的影响谈谈你的看法。
要求：
（1）100词左右，开头已写好，不计入总词数； （2）不得出现真实信息。
Computer in my life
The computer has become an important part of my life. ______________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
（一）
Environmental protection
Man and the environment are in harmon! We live on the earth, and man is the son of the nature, not the ruler of nature. Everyone should do his best to protect the environment.
With the devlopment of economy. there are more and more facteries, which bring some serious problems-the river is less clean, the land is sandy, even the temperature is rising. As we all know, mountains, rivers, plants and aninals areessential to human’s life. If they are damaged, the organization of the nature will be destroyed and the consequence is unthinkable. My suggestions are that we should plant more trees, put rubish into dustbins and stop factories pouring waste directly into the air and rivers.
All in all, we have only one earth. Therefore,We should protect the environment immediately.or we will regret.
（二）
The importance of English
There is no doubt that English is one of the world’s most widely used languages.It’s spoken by most people in the us.A. Britain. Canada, Australia. and New Zealand. lfs also very widely used as a foreign longuage in many other countries of the World. Engish has in fact become the language of the international cooperation in science and technology. And its widely used for business between different countries. More than ihree quarters of the information on the Internet is in Engish, too. It is really a bridge to so much knowtedge. As a second language. English is also necessary for offial business, education. information and other activities in many countries.
Englsh is spoken most around the wortd, so it allows for most flexibility. It’s important for us because we can comunicate with people around the world who speak this language. Besides, We can use it in many activities. such as trnslation of books and movies.
English is fairly important. therefore, we should learn English well.
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（三） Saving water
As we all know, water is very important to human beings, we can’t live without witer. The amount of water which is suitable to drink is less and less. But some peopile don’t care about it. They waste a lot of weter in their daily life. Even worse, they pour dirty water and throw rubbish into rivers. Many rivers and lakes are seriously poluted now.
Something must be done to stop the polution. And I think it is very shameful to waste waterwhen millions of people need it badly. I think what we can do is that we have to save every drop of water as possible as we can. For example, We must turn off the tap immeditely ofter we tise it. We can wash our hand’s and faces with a washbasin. It’s also a good idea to encourage our friends and fanily members to join us! Only in this way can we live happily and peacefully. If we don’t save water, the last drop of water will be a tear-drop of us.
I believe that with a little effort from everyone, we can achieve great things.
（四） Computer in my life
The Computer has become an important part of my life.
Usually I use the computer to search for informotion and do sorne furtherreading. With the help of computer, I can get more knowledge easily in my free time in daily life.I can not only conmunicate with my teachers and classmates by email or WeChat. but also discuss questions with them online. What’s more. I can enjoy the music and movies online and shopping on the Internet. It is so convenient and easy. Sormetimes CD-ROM helps me learn English and makes me relaxed.Moreover, I take part in some kinds of activities ontine. In my spare time. I often play games online, too. Computers can not only help us study, but also help us play.
In a word, the computer is really of great importance to me. It brings me a more meaningful and colourful life.
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