被动语态

一、 英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。

1.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行

例如:Many people speak Chinese. 谓语:speak是由主语many people来执行的。 2.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。

例:Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。

notice .半帮助help

(三)“主+谓+直宾+间宾”结构。

例如：He gave me a pen. → I was given a pen by him./ A pen was given to me .

五、特殊情况

(一)主动语态表被动的情况：

1.open.lock.write.read.sell.clean.wash.cut.burn.drive等动词做不及物动词时，可用主动语态表示被动含义。

例如：The kind of coat sells well.

注意：不及物动词：字典里词后标有vi. 的就是不及物动词。不及物动词后不能直接二、被动语态的构成：由\" be+及物动词的过去分词\"构成。

注意：人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的；数量随新的主语变，时态和原句保持一样。

以speak为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成 1.一般现在时 am/is/are+spoken 2.一般过去时 was/were+spoken

3.现在完成时 have/has been+spoken 4.一般将来时 will/shall be+spoken

5.现在进行时 am/is/are being+spoken 6.过去进行时 was/were being+spoken 7.过去完成时 had been+spoken 8过去将来时 would be+spoken 9有情态动词 情态动词+be+过去分词

三、被动语态的用法：

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。This bridge was founded in 1981. (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 The glass was broken by Mike. (3)还有下列常用句型（that后面跟句子）：１．It is said that……. 据说

It is hoped that……. 希望 It is announced that……. 据宣布 It has been decided that……. 已经决定 It is suggested that……. 有人建议 It is reported that……. 据报道 It is believed that……. 人们相信 it is (well) known that……. 众所周知 It is supposed that……. 人们认为 It must be remembered that……. 务必记住

例：It is reported that the weather will be cold tomorrow.

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法：

(1)把主动语态的宾语．．变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构“be+过去分词”。 (3)be动词要和新的主语(即原来的宾语)在人称和数量上保持一致，时态和原句一样不变 (4)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。 (一)“主+谓+宾”结构。

例如：I was doing my homework. → My homework was being done by me. (二)“主+谓+宾+宾补”结构。

例如：He made me clean the room. → I was made to clean the room.

注意：当主动语态中的谓语动词后接省略to的不定式时，变被动语态时要还原to.

这类动词有：一感feel.二听.listen to hear.三让make let have. 四看watch see look

跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，如to,of ,at后方可跟上宾语。，如listen to,look at….

如：look 看 (vi.) x宾语(即不能直接加宾语). Look! She is singing. Look carefully! (注意：carefully 是副词，不是名词，故不作宾语) look at 看…….+宾语 Look at me carefully! (me是代词，作宾语) 2.感官动词可以表示被动含义。 例如：The news sounds good. 3.want/require/need+doing相当于want/require/need to be done。 例如：My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired. (二)不能变被动语态的情况：

1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。 2.主动句的宾语是反身代词或each other时。 例如：She praised herself. 她自我表扬。

3. 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：

fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to。 (三)其它几点说明：

1. 除助动词be外，动词get有时也可跟过去分词构成被动语态，。这种结构中很少用by短语。

例如：I got lost in the huge market. 在那个巨大的市场中我迷失了方向。

You might get killed/hurt. 你会送命/受伤的。

2have/get+宾语+ 过去分词。这个句型也表达了一种被动的意思。

例如：I’ll have the bike repaired in no time. 我一会就把自行车修好。

He got his leg broke 重点：非延续性动词(终止性动词)

1.buy---have(has)had 2.borrow---have(has)kept 3.leave---have(has)been away 4.go ---have(has)been away/in… 5.come ---have(has)here/in…

6.die ---have(has)been dead 7.join---have(has)been a member of/in…

8.begin---have(has)on 8.stop---have(has)been over

他的狗死了3天了.: His dog has been dead for three days. It is three days since his dog died. His dog died three days ago.

2. keep (on)doing sth 坚持做某事（常考）

keep sb doing sth 让某人做某事（常考）

keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事（常考） keep sb/sth +adj keep the book for 2 days 借这本书两天（不要用borrow或lend）

2. Many kinds of new bicycles _____ in Number One Machine Factory now. A. are making B. are made C. have made D. will make

3. Paper _____ first invented in China. (1999昆明) 工作 A. is B. are C. was D. were 4. –Do you like the flowers. -Yes, it _____ sweet. (1999内蒙古) A. is smelling B. smelt C. is smelt D. smells

5. His schoolbag _____ away by a woman ten minutes ago. (1998河北) A. took B. had taken C . was taken D. were taken 6. It snowed heavily last night. The ground _____ thick snow.

常用动词习惯用法

1/allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事（后接动词不定式）

My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework.

3. asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事）

My father asked me to study hard. He asked me not to swim alone. be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday.

4. be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 She is afraid to ask me questions. 5. be afaid of doing sth 害怕做某事 I am afraid of going out at night. 6. be afaid of sth 害怕某物 He is afraid of snakes.

7. be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶He was amazed to meet the girl

be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶they were amazed at the news.

8. be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事（常考）

e.g: I was busy washing my car at that time. I am busy with my work.

9. be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying（移动词用进行时表将来）

the bus is coming/the dog is dying.

10. be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋 Jacky was excited to travel there

be excited at sth Lily was excited at his words. be excited about doing sth he was excited about passing the exam

11. be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事 Sam is frightened to ride a horse.

.练习

1. The river smells terrible. People must _____ dirty things into it. (1999南京) A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing

A. was covered with B. was filled with C. was made of D. was getting on with 7. The light in the room _____ before you leave. (1998广州)

A. must turn off B. will turn off C. are turned D. must be turned off 8. Chinese _____ by Miss Wang three years ago. (1998吉林) A. was taught B. is taught C. was teached D. were taught 9. Young trees _____ quite often. (1998武汉)

A. should water B. should be water C. should be watered

10. _____ the kind of question often _____ in your class, Ann?(1997山东) A. Does; ask B. Is; asked C. Has; asked D. Will; ask

( ) 11. –How many times _______ you _______ to Beijing this year? --Three times. A. have; been B. had; been C. have; gone D. had; gone ( ) 12. What a nice bag! But she _______ only thirty dollars for it.

A. cost B. took C. spend D. paid ( ) 13. Cotton _______ nice and soft.

A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels ( ) 14. I think this is the best way to solve the problem. Do you _______ me?

A. play with B. hear of C. agree with D. get on well with ( ) 15. –Guess who is coming to supper. – I don’t know. _______ me. A. Speak B. Say C. Tell D. Tell ( ) 16. Please _______ your phones here with you tomorrow.

A. take B. bring C. carry D. lift ( ) 17. Don’t _______ your lessons. We’ll help you.

A. worry B. worried about C. be worried about D. be afraid ( ) 18. The window is broken. Try to _______ who broke it.

A. find out B. find C. look D. look for

( ) 19. He could _______ neither French nor German. So I ______ with him in English.

A. speak; talked B. talk; told C. say; spoke D. tell; talked

( ) 20. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _______ for me?

A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up