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C语言枚举类型详解技巧解答

2023-02-09 来源:步旅网
Abstract: Based on the comprehensive analysis on the plastic part’s structure service requirement, mounding quality and mould menu factoring cost. A corresponding injection mould of internal side core pulling was designed. By adopting the multi-direction and multi-combination core-pulling. A corresponding injection mould of internal side core pulling was designed, the working process of the mould was introduced C语言详解 - 枚举类型

注:以下全部代码的执行环境为VC++ 6.0

在程序中,可能需要为某些整数定义一个别名,我们可以利用预处理指令#define来完成这项工作,您的代码可能是:

#define MON 1 #define TUE 2 #define WED 3 #define THU 4 #define FRI 5 #define SAT 6 #define SUN 7 在此,我们定义一种新的数据类型,希望它能完成同样的工作。这种新的数据类型叫枚举型。

1. 定义一种新的数据类型 - 枚举型

以下代码定义了这种新的数据类型 - 枚举型

enum DAY {

MON=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN };

(1) 枚举型是一个集合,集合中的元素(枚举成员)是一些命名的整型常量,元素之间用逗号,隔开。

(2) DAY是一个标识符,可以看成这个集合的名字,是一个可选项,即是可有可无的项。

(3) 第一个枚举成员的默认值为整型的0,后续枚举成员的值在前一个成员上加1。

(4) 可以人为设定枚举成员的值,从而自定义某个范围内的整数。

(5) 枚举型是预处理指令#define的替代。

(6) 类型定义以分号;结束。

2. 使用枚举类型对变量进行声明

新的数据类型定义完成后,它就可以使用了。我们已经见过最基本的数据类型,如:整型int, 单精度浮点型float, 双精度浮点型double, 字符型char, 短整型short等等。用这些基本数据类型声明变量通常是这样:

char a; //变量a的类型均为字符型char char letter; int x, y,

z; //变量x,y和z的类型均为整型int int number; double m, n;

double result; //变量result的类型为双精度浮点型double

既然枚举也是一种数据类型,那么它和基本数据类型一样也可以对变量进行声明。

方法一:枚举类型的定义和变量的声明分开

enum DAY {

MON=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN };

enum DAY yesterday; enum DAY today;

enum DAY tomorrow; //变量tomorrow的类型为枚举型enum DAY

enum DAY good_day, bad_day; //变量good_day和bad_day的类型均为枚举型enum DAY 方法二:类型定义与变量声明同时进行:

enum //跟第一个定义不同的是,此处的标号DAY省略,这是允许的。 {

saturday, sunday = 0, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday

} workday; //变量workday的类型为枚举型enum DAY

enum week { Mon=1, Tue, Wed, Thu, Fri Sat, Sun} days; //变量days的类型为枚举型enum week

enum BOOLEAN { false, true } end_flag, match_flag; //定义枚举类型并声明了两个枚举型变量

方法三:用typedef关键字将枚举类型定义成别名,并利用该别名进行变量声明:

typedef enum workday

{

saturday, sunday = 0, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday

} workday; //此处的workday为枚举型enum workday的别名

workday today, tomorrow; //变量today和tomorrow的类型为枚举型workday,也即enum workday

enum workday中的workday可以省略:

typedef enum {

saturday, sunday = 0, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday

} workday; //此处的workday为枚举型enum workday的别名

workday today, tomorrow; //变量today和tomorrow的类型为枚举型workday,也即enum workday

也可以用这种方式:

typedef enum workday {

saturday, sunday = 0, monday, tuesday, wednesday, thursday, friday };

workday today, tomorrow; //变量today和tomorrow的类型为枚举型workday,也即enum workday 注意:同一个程序中不能定义同名的枚举类型,不同的枚举类型中也不能存在同名的命名常量。错误示例如下所示:

错误声明一:存在同名的枚举类型

typedef enum {

wednesday, thursday, friday } workday;

typedef enum WEEK {

saturday, sunday = 0, monday, } workday;

错误声明二:存在同名的枚举成员

typedef enum {

wednesday, thursday, friday } workday_1;

typedef enum WEEK {

wednesday, sunday = 0, monday, } workday_2;

3. 使用枚举类型的变量

3.1 对枚举型的变量赋值。

实例将枚举类型的赋值与基本数据类型的赋值进行了对比:

方法一:先声明变量,再对变量赋值

#include

/* 定义枚举类型 */

enum DAY { MON=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN };

void main() {

/* 使用基本数据类型声明变量,然后对变量赋值 */ int x, y, z;

x = 10; y = 20; z = 30;

/* 使用枚举类型声明变量,再对枚举型变量赋值 */ enum DAY yesterday, today, tomorrow;

yesterday = MON; today = TUE; tomorrow = WED;

printf(\"%d %d %d \\n\}

方法二:声明变量的同时赋初值

#include

/* 定义枚举类型 */

enum DAY { MON=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN };

void main() {

/* 使用基本数据类型声明变量同时对变量赋初值 */ int x=10, y=20, z=30;

/* 使用枚举类型声明变量同时对枚举型变量赋初值 */ enum DAY yesterday = MON,

today = TUE, tomorrow = WED;

printf(\"%d %d %d \\n\}

方法三:定义类型的同时声明变量,然后对变量赋值。

#include

/* 定义枚举类型,同时声明该类型的三个变量,它们都为全局变量 */

enum DAY { MON=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN } yesterday, today, tomorrow;

/* 定义三个具有基本数据类型的变量,它们都为全局变量 */ int x, y, z;

void main() {

/* 对基本数据类型的变量赋值 */ x = 10; y = 20; z = 30;

/* 对枚举型的变量赋值 */ yesterday = MON; today = TUE; tomorrow = WED;

printf(\"%d %d %d \\n\输出:10 20 30

printf(\"%d %d %d \\n\输出:1 2 3 }

方法四:类型定义,变量声明,赋初值同时进行。

#include

/* 定义枚举类型,同时声明该类型的三个变量,并赋初值。它们都为全局变量 */ enum DAY {

MON=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN }

yesterday = MON, today = TUE, tomorrow = WED;

/* 定义三个具有基本数据类型的变量,并赋初值。它们都为全局变量 */ int x = 10, y = 20, z = 30;

void main() {

printf(\"%d %d %d \\n\输出:10 20 30

printf(\"%d %d %d \\n\输出:1 2 3 }

3.2 对枚举型的变量赋整数值时,需要进行类型转换。

#include

enum DAY { MON=1, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT, SUN };

void main() {

enum DAY yesterday, today, tomorrow;

yesterday = TUE;

today = (enum DAY) (yesterday + 1); //类型转换 tomorrow = (enum DAY) 30; //类型转换 //tomorrow = 3; //错误

printf(\"%d %d %d \\n\输出:2 3 30 }

3.3 使用枚举型变量

#include

enum {

BELL = '\\a', BACKSPACE = '\\b', HTAB = '\', RETURN = '\\r', NEWLINE = '\\n', VTAB = '\\v', SPACE = ' ' };

enum BOOLEAN { FALSE = 0, TRUE } match_flag;

void main() {

int index = 0;

int count_of_letter = 0; int count_of_space = 0;

char str[] = \"I'm Ely efod\";

match_flag = FALSE;

for(; str[index] != '\\0'; index++)

if( SPACE != str[index] ) count_of_letter++; else {

match_flag = (enum BOOLEAN) 1; count_of_space++; }

printf(\"%s %d times %c\ printf(\"count of letters: %d %c%c\}

输出:

match 2 times count of letters: 10

Press any key to continue

4. 枚举类型与sizeof运算符

#include

enum escapes {

BELL = '\\a', BACKSPACE = '\\b', HTAB = '\', RETURN = '\\r', NEWLINE = '\\n', VTAB = '\\v', SPACE = ' ' };

enum BOOLEAN { FALSE = 0, TRUE } match_flag;

void main() {

printf(\"%d bytes \\n\ printf(\"%d bytes \\n\

printf(\"%d bytes \\n\ printf(\"%d bytes \\n\ printf(\"%d bytes \\n\

printf(\"%d bytes \\n\ printf(\"%d bytes \\n\

printf(\"%d bytes \\n\ printf(\"%d bytes \\n\}

5. 综合举例

#include

enum Season {

spring, summer=100, fall=96, winter };

typedef enum {

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday }

Weekday;

void main() {

/* Season */

printf(\"%d \\n\

printf(\"%d, %c \\n\ printf(\"%d \\n\

Season mySeason=winter; if(winter==mySeason)

printf(\"mySeason is winter \\n\"); // mySeason is winter

int x=100; if(x==summer)

printf(\"x is equal to summer\\n\"); // x is equal to summer

printf(\"%d bytes\\n\

/* Weekday */

printf(\"sizeof Weekday is: %d \\n\

Weekday today = Saturday; Weekday tomorrow; if(today == Monday)

tomorrow = Tuesday; else

tomorrow = (Weekday) (today + 1); //remember to convert from int to Weekday

}

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