专题三 冠词和数词
★知识结构
考点一 不定冠词
1.不定冠词a，an的基本用法
(1)用来表示“一”这个数量，类似于one I have a watch. (2)一类人或事物中的任何一个，相当于any I want to buy an English book. (3)在叙述时用于第一次提到的人或物前 There is a man standing on the river. (4)用在单数可数名词前，指人或事物的一类别 A teacher must love his students. (5)泛指某人或某物，但不确定哪一个 A young man is waiting for you.
(6)用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等There was a heavy rain yesterday. (7)用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 a knife and fork
(8)“a＋序数词”表示“又一，再一” The cake is delicious and I would like a second one. (9)用于表明比率、速度、价格等，有“每一”的意思，相当于every once a week
(10)固定搭配：for a while一会儿 as a rule通常 all of a sudden突然 have/take a rest 休息 in a way 从某种程度上 a few／little／bit一点儿 have a cold感冒 have a good time/day玩得高兴 in a hurry匆忙 keep a diary记日记 do one’s a favor帮助某人
2.不定冠词a，an的区别
a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前a teacher,a good student an用在以元音音素开头的单词前an apple tree,an interesting story 注意：①判断一个词前是用a还是an，是根据其读音，而不是根据其字母。
②有些单词尽管以元音字母开头，但发音是辅音音素，如uniform、European、等；有些单词以元辅音字母开头，
但发音是元音音素，如hour、 honest。
题组训练 单项选择
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①Last Sunday,my parents took me to the zoo.In the zoo we saw elephant. Elephant was from Africa. A.a;The B.the;An C.an;The D.the;An ② apple a day keeps the doctor away. A.A B.An C.The D./ ③—Excuse me,John.What’s that in English? —It’s eraser.
A.a B.an C.the D./
④We can have bluer sky if we create less polluted world. A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;the 考点二 定冠词与零冠词
1.定冠词the的基本用法
(1)用于双方都知道的人或事物前 Give me the book,please.
(2)特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物 On the right there was a bed.And on the bed there was a boy. (3)表示世界上独一无二的事物 The moon moves around the earth.
(4)用在序数词、形容词最高级前面以及对两个人或事物进行比较时起特指作用的比较级前 The first lesson is very easy. He is the younger of the two boys.
(5)用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妻俩 The Greens are watching TV now. (6)用在单数可数名词前表一类人或事物 The orange is orange. (7)与某些形容词连用表一类人 We should help the old.
(8)用于江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等专有名词前，或由普通名词构成的专有名词之前the Great Wall the Summer Palace
(9)用在表示方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前 on the right in the east of play the piano.
(10)固定搭配：in the morning／afternoon／evening在早晨／下午／晚上 in the daytime在白天 in the end最后 all the time一直 at the same time同时 by the way顺便说一下 at the age of在……岁时 at the beginning在……开始 in the middle of在……中间 at the moment现在
记忆口诀：特指双熟悉，上文已提及，世上独无二，序数最高级，普通专有名，习语及乐器。
2.零冠词的用法
(1)不可数名词和复数名词b表泛指时 Animals can’t live without water. Horses are helpful animals. (2)某些专有名词，如人名、地名、国家名等表示泛指时 China is a great country. Mary lives in New York. (3)名词前已有指示代词、物主代词或名词所有格等修饰时 Every student likes English in our class. (4)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前 This is Professor Li.
(5)在三餐、球类运动及学科名词之前 I went to school without breakfast this morning. He often plays football after school.
(6)用在“专有名词＋普通名词” 构成的表示街名、路名、山名等的词前边 Nanjing Road Hainan Island (7)by与交通工具名词连用时 by train by bike (8)在一些节假日前Women’s Day Children’s Day
(9)固定搭配：on foot步行 day and night夜以继日 in danger在危险中 in fact事实上 in public当中，公开 in place of代替 take part in参加 day after day日复一日 step by step一步步地 face to face面对面 by mistake错误地
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有定冠词与无定冠词的区别
1.go to school去上学（是学生） go to the school到学校去（不一定是学生） 2.go to bed就寝，上床睡觉 go to the bed向床边走去，走到床前（不一定是去睡觉） 3.at table在吃饭 at the table在桌子旁边 4.at school在上学 at the school在学校里 5.in class在上课 in the class在班级里 6.in future今后 in the future将来
7.in front of在……（外部的）前面 in the front of在……（内部的）前面
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8.next year明年 the next year第二年 9.by sea乘船 by the sea在海边
10.take place发生 take the place (of)代替
11.go to church去做礼拜 go to the church到教堂去 12.on horse back骑着马 on the horse back在马背上
13.two of us我们当中的两人 the two of us我们两人（共计两人）
14.out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能，不允许，不值得讨论
考点三 数词的基本用法
一、基数词
（一）基数词的基本构成
(1)基数词1-12是独立单词，需逐个记忆。
(2)基数词13-19是在个位数词的词干后加-teen构成，其中thirteen，fifteen，eighteen变化不规则。
(3)基数词20-90的整十数除twenty，thirty，forty，fifty，eighty为特殊形式外是在个位数词后面加-ty构成。基数词21-99的非整十数是在十位数词后面加上个位数词构成，中间加上连字符“-”。如21 twenty-one。
（二）基数词的读法
1.在读三位数或三位数以上的基数词时，需在十位数之前（若十位数是“0”，在个位前）加连词and。 304-three hundred and four，342-three hundred and forty-two
2.阿拉伯数字每三位数就需用一个逗号隔开，从后往前数；所用的英语单词为：thousand（千），million（百万），billion（十亿），英语中没有“万”和“亿”，在表示“万”和“亿”时要按十进位法来推算。
1万可用10千来表示，即ten hundred;100,000,000可写成hundred million;35,845可写成thirty-five thousand, eight hundred and forty-five
（三）基数词的基本用法
1.基数词（表示事物数量）
(1)从句子成分上分析，基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等 Four of them went to the factory. （主语） I want two.（宾语）
My classmate is eighteen.（表语）
(2)表示“年、月、日” 的时间 The accident happened on May 5th,2011. (3)表示编号:Bus No.7 Room 401 (4)表示时间:
(5)用于四则运算:4 and 4 is 8. 3from 7 goes 4. 8 times 8 is 64. 4 into 20 goes 5. (6)表示百分数:30% of the students a 30% chance
Thirty percent of them is water.
2.基数词表示确数
(1)基数词+连字符“-”+名词/形容词 a fifteen-year-old boy a five-year plan a ten-minute walk
(2)基数词+度量单位+形容词(long/wide/deep/high...)The rope is 2.5meters long. 3.基数词表示概数
(1)hundred,thousand,million,trillion与具体数词one，two．．．或several，some，many等连用时，要用单数形式;与of连用时，要用复数形式，但前面不能再加数词。
five hundred people many thousand factories millions of books (2)in+the+年代s in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代
(3)in+one’s+整十数s 表示“在某人几十多岁时” in his forties 二、序数词
1.序数词的基本构成
(1)从第一到第十九的序数词除第一first，第二second，第三third，第五fifth，第八eighth，第九ninth，第十二twelfth变化不规则外，其余均在基数词后加上-th。
(2)从第二十到第九十整十数字的序数词的构成方法是将整十数字词尾的y变成ie再加-th。 (3)从第二十一到第九十九表示几十几的序数词，只是把个位数变成序数词，十位数不变。
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2.序数词的基本用法
(1)序数词（表示数目的顺序或事物的位置） (2)表示编号Mary sits in the second row.
(3)表示日期It happened on October the third,1985. (4)序数词前面要加定冠词the The second is what I need.
(5)序数词前有限定词如形容词性物主代词、名词所有格时，不加the It’s my third time to visited beijing. (6)序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再一，又一” We’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time? 三、数词常见表达法
1.日期的表达法年份用基数词，日期用序数词:1988年5月1日可以写作May 1(st),1988，读作May the first,nineteen eighty-eight；1949读作nineteen hundred and forty-nine；1800读作eighteen hundred；1902读作nineteen hundred and two或nineteen o two
2.分数的表达法:分数在英语中通常是借助基数词和序数词来共同表达的。其中基数词表示分子，序数词表示分母。当分子大于1时，分母要用复数形式。
one third two thirds a/one quarter three and one fourth Three quarters of the workers in the factory are women workers. Two thirds of the work has been finished.
3.小数的表达法:小数用基数词来表示，以小数点为界，小数点左边的数字为一个单位，表示整数，数字合起来读；小数点右边的数字为一个单位，表示小数，数字分开来读；小数点读作point，0读作zero或0；整数部分为零时，可以省略不读。
0.4 zero point four或point four 10.23 ten point two three 25.67twenty-five point six seven 1.03 one point o three
★易混易错
4.与another，more连用时，表示在已有的基础上再增加一定的数量，其结构为“another＋基数词”或“基数词+more” My father will stay in beijing for another two weeks. 我爸爸将在北京再待两周。 I need two more chairs. 我还需要两把椅子
A组 2018年全国中考题组
考点一 不定冠词
1.(2018天津,21)There is old piano in corner of the living room. A.an;the B.an;不填 C.a;the D.a;a
2.(2018吉林,26)Yesterday’s concert was great success. All the people showed interest in it. A.the B.an C.a
3.(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔,1)—How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here? —It takes us hour to go to my hometown by train. A.a,a B.an,/ C.an,the
4.(2018云南,21)There is umbrella behind the door. A.a B.an C.the D.不填 5.(2018甘肃兰州,26)Don’t tell a lie. You are honest boy. A.a B.an C.the D./
6.(2018重庆,21)I had egg and some milk for breakfast this morning. A.a B.an C.the D./ 7.(2018新疆,26)—Is that book? —No,it’s old dictionary.
A.a;the B.a;an C.an;a D.the;an
8.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐,21)Steve lives in European country, and he teaches in university there. A.an;a B.an;the C.a;a D.a;an 9.(2018上海,27)Hurry up! The concert will begin in minute. A.a B.an C.the D./
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考点二 定冠词与零冠词
1.(2018河南,21)—Are you going to football match tonight? —I wish I could, but I’m meeting VIP from Oklahoma. A.an;an B.an;a C.the;an D.the;a
2.(2018广东,31) new study says that going to bed late is harmful to our health. A./,/ B.A,/ C.A,the D.The,the
3.(2018山东潍坊,21)To prepare for trip to LA, Betty is making list of things to take along. A.the;the B.不填;a C.the;a D.a;不填
4.(2018浙江温州,1)—Will you go to school-leavers’ party tomorrow? —Certainly. I’m going with my parents.
A.a B.an C.the D./
5.(2018四川成都,31)—Who is boy playing soccer over there? —He is my classmate, Li Ping. A.a B.不填 C.the
6.(2018吉林长春,11)I enjoy having breakfast with my family at home. It makes me feel relaxed. A.a B.an C.the D./
7.(2018山东青岛,2)We should have breakfast every day to keep healthy. A.a B.an C./ D.the 考点三 数词的基本用法
1.(2018新疆乌鲁木齐,24) people prefer HUAWEI phones, and about of them are adults. A.The number of;four-fifths B.A number of;four-fifth C.A number of;four-fifths D.The number of;four-five
2.(2018重庆,26) visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation. A.Thousand B.Thousand of C.Thousands D.Thousands of
3.(2018广东,35)According to a survey, four out of five women do housework at home, but only of men would do it. A.four fifth B.four fifths C.two fifth D.two fifths 4.(2018湖北黄冈,27)—Dad, about of our classmates wear glasses. —Oh, that’s terrible. You all should take good care of your eyes.
A.three fourth B.third fourth C.third fourths D.three quarters 5.(2018山东青岛,4)It’s my daughter’s birthday today. She’s years old. A.eighteen B.eighteenth C.the eighteen D.the eighteenth
B组 2014-2017年全国中考题组
考点一 不定冠词
1.(2017重庆,21)There is tall man in front of the zoo gate. A.a B.an C.the D./
2.(2017福建,21)Jack is such friendly boy. He gets along well with his classmates. A.a B.an C.the
3.(2017湖北黄冈,26)—Hey, Li Ming. Do you have basketball? —Yes, it’s over there, behind door.
A.a,a B.the,the C.a,the D.the,a 4.(2017四川成都,31)I want to be engineer when I grow up. A.a B.an C.the
5.(2016陕西,22)Yesterday I saw film. It moved me deeply. A.a B.an C.the D./
6.(2016内蒙古呼和浩特,1,★)—What can I do for you, sir? —I want iPhone 6s plus for my wife as useful gift. A.an;a B.a;an C.an;the D.a;a
7.(2016吉林,26) Molly dreams of becoming excellent engineer in the future.
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A.a B.an C.the
8.(2016山东青岛,1)David is eight-year-old boy with short black hair. A./ B.a C.an D.the
9.(2015内蒙古包头,23)In order to find better living environment,he decided to move to the west of the country. A.an B.a C./ D.the
10.(2015浙江温州,1)—What do you know about kite surfing? —It is exciting water sport. A.a B.an C.the D./
11.(2015辽宁沈阳,1)Peter returned the wallet to the police.He was honest boy. A.a B.an C.the D./
12.(2014天津,21)—Mary,who’s woman over there? —She’s my aunt, English teacher. A.the;the B.a;the C.the;an D.a;an 13.(2014陕西,21,★)I had unusual day on my last school trip. A.a B.an C./ D.the
14.(2014河北,26)Let’s take photo!Everyone,cheese! A.a B.an C.the D./
考点二 定冠词与零冠词
1.(2017天津,21)Shenzhen is on coast near Hong Kong. It was small village many years ago. A.a;the B.the;a C.不填;不填 D.the;the
2.(2017上海,27)Christine is selling her house, but on other hand she doesn’t want to move. A.a B.an C.the D./ 3.(2017河南,21)—When will car race begin? —I’m not sure. Maybe next week, or maybe week after next. A.a;the B.an;the C.the;a D.the;the 4.(2017吉林,26)—Do you know boy over there? —Yes, he is my brother, Li Lei. A.the B.an C.a
5.(2017吉林长春,11)I play guitar in my spare time. It makes my life more colorful. A.a B.an C.the D./
6.(2016河南,21,★)—Kate, are you only child in your family? —Yes, but new baby is on the way. A.a;the B.an;the C.the;a D.the;the 7.(2016天津,21)Tianjin is beautiful city in north of China. A.a;a B.a;the C.the;/ D.不填;the
8.(2016黑龙江哈尔滨,1)Boys and girls, keep calm and be confident. I am sure all of you are excellent students. A.an B.a C./
9.(2016广东,26)Brazil, country in South America, will hold 31stOlympic Games in August, 2016. A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;the
10.(2016江苏苏州,1)Edward and William are brothers. There is uncommon similarity between two boys. A.an;/ B.an;the C.a;/ D.a;the 11.(2015河北,26)Look at calendar.It’s June 22. A.a B.an C.the D./
12.(2015黑龙江哈尔滨,2,★)What good news!Our school band (乐队)will play at Harbin Summer Concert in August. A.a B.the C./
13.(2015天津,21)—Does your father go to work by car every day? —No,he sometimes takes bus. A.a;the B.the;a C./;a D.a;/
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14.(2015江苏连云港,1)Tong Liya is famous actress who acted as a countrywoman in 1970s in the TV show Ordinary World.
A.a;/ B.a;the C.the;the D.the;/
15.(2014江苏苏州,3,★)If we sit by window of the train,we’ll have better view. A./;the B./;a C.the;a D.the;the
考点三 数词的基本用法
1.(2017重庆,31)Today is Jack’s birthday. He is years old now. A.fourteenth B.fourteen C.the fourteenth D.the fourteen 2.(2017黑龙江哈尔滨,5)—How do you keep fit?
—I live on floor. I walk upstairs instead of taking the lift every day. A.twelve B.the twelve C.the twelfth 3.(2017内蒙古呼和浩特,3)—How old is your daughter?
— . We had a special party for her birthday yesterday. A.Nine;nine B.Nine;ninth C.Ninth;ninth D.Ninth;nine
4.(2017黑龙江哈尔滨,17)Here is a survey (调查) about how the 1,000 students from No. 2 Middle School go to school on weekdays. One third of the students going to school by bike are girls. Then according to the form below, boys go to school in the same way. By bus By bike By car On foot 40% 36% 9% A.150 B.100 C.50
5.(2016天津,25)Li Ming will be . His parents are going to have a party for his birthday. A.sixteen;sixteenth B.sixteenth;sixteenth C.sixteen;sixteen D.sixteenth;sixteen
6.(2016重庆,30)Meimei is going to be an older sister. Her parents are planning to have their child. A.one B.two C.first D.second
7.(2016黑龙江哈尔滨,14,★)—What are you going to do this Saturday? —I am going to the old people’s home to celebrate Mrs.Green’s birthday. A.ninty-ninth B.ninety-ninth C.ninety-nineth 8.(2016福建福州,28)—Where were you born, Michael? —I was born in a small village with only three people. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of
9.(2015重庆,33)Helen loves reading.She has read books this month. A.five B.fifth C.five of D.fifth of
10.(2015黑龙江哈尔滨,10)It’s my time to come to the bookstore this month because most of the books in it are my favorite.
A.forth B.four C.fourth
11.(2015广东梅州,32)—I am going to take this summer holiday in Taiwan.
—Oh,really?Taiwan is a beautiful island that people in Guangdong go to visit it every year. A.so;thousands B.so;thousands of C.such;many thousands D.such;thousands of 12.(2014天津,26) month of the year is May. A.Two B.The second C.Five D.The fifth
13.(2014黑龙江哈尔滨,3)On June 2nd this year, people celebrated the Dragon Boat Festival near the Songhua River.To our joy,there was little rubbish left.
A.thousands of B.thousand C.two thousands 14.(2014山东聊城,28)Christmas Day is on of December.
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A.twenty-five B.the twenty-five C.twenty-fifth D.the twenty-fifth
A组 2016—2018年模拟·基础题组
(时间:13分钟 分值:20分)
1.(2018江苏盐城二模,1)We all need to join hands and take action to build Beautiful China. A.a B.an C.the D./
2.(2018河南郑州二模,21)—Have you seen movie Nice To Meet You? —Yes, it’s wonderful one. A.a;the B.the;a C.the;the D.a;a
3.(2018河南新乡卫辉二模,21)I want to see The Pretender second time because it is quite wonderful TV series.
A.a;a B.the;a C.the;/ D.a;the
4.(2018江苏镇江一模,1)Wu Dajing won gold in the men’s 500 meters, setting world record at PyeongChang. A.a B.an C.the D./
5.(2018江苏盐城二模,11)The war in Syria has caused people to lose their lives. A.thousands of B.thousand of C.thousand D.thousands
6.(2018山东临沂平邑一模,17)—Would you like another cup of coffee, Linda? —Thank you anyway.I’ve already had one cup, and I’m drinking cup. A.second B.the first C.the second D.the third
7.(2018广东韶关一模,33)In China, we sometimes have meals a day. Ye Xiao is the meal of the day. It usually starts from 8:00 pm and lasts until 2:00 am.
A.four; four B.fourth; fourth C.four; fourth D.fourth; four 8.(2018山东济南二模,34)—When is Mother’s Day? —It’s on Sunday in May. A.two B.the second C.twelve D.the twelfth
9.(2017上海浦东模拟,27)Do you think AI (人工智能) will take place of humans some day in the future? A.the B.an C.a D./
10.(2017河北邯郸一模,26)I only had egg and some milk for breakfast today. A.a B.an C.the D./
11.(2017江苏苏州一模,1)In eyes of some children, playing on the Internet can only bring them fun. A.the;a B./;a C.the;/ D./;/
12.(2017山东青岛黄岛一模,21)Tom wants to study at university in Europe, but hasn’t decided which one to go to yet. A.an B.a C.the D./
13.(2017上海浦东模拟,30)According to a recent survey, about of working mothers in China plan to have a second child.
A.two-fifth B.two-five C.second-fifths D.two-fifths
14.(2017山东青岛胶州一模,13)In my hometown, the villagers built an bridge in order to cross the river last year. A.800 meter long B.800 meters long C.800-meter-long D.800-meters-long 15.(2017天津河西一模,32)—Welcome to Los Angeles. Have you ever been here? —Sure. I visited this city three years ago so this is my time here. A.first B.second C.third D.fourth
16.(2016山东烟台一模,21)This is dictionary I’ve told you. Isn’t it useful one? A.a;the B.a;a C.the;a D.the;an
17.(2016天津滨海一模,21)We are going to take vacation on May Day this year. A./;the B.a;/ C.a;a D.the;a
18.(2016江苏泰州一模,1)As a girl, you should build healthy lifestyle and don’t need to dream of A4 waist(腰). A.a;a B.a;/ C.a;an D.the;a
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19.(2016天津滨海一模,25)The picture describes the changes in Tianjin over years. A.nine;fifth B.nine;five C.ninth;five D.ninth;fifth
20.(2016辽宁营口模拟,11) volunteers will be needed for Project Hope in our city. A.Thousands B.Thousand of C.Three thousand D.Three thousands
B组 2016—2018年模拟·提升题组
(时间:13分钟 分值:19分)
1.(2018天津南开一模,21)In Seattle, in northwest, it rains a lot, so bring umbrella. A.不填;a B.the;a C.the;an D.不填;the
2.(2018浙江温州一模,16)Jenny loves drawing and hopes to be artist when she grows up. A.a B.an C.the D./
3.(2018河南郑州一模,21)It is not good idea to drive for four hours without break. A.a;a B./;a C.a;/ D.the;a
4.(2018江苏昆山二模,1)—Which of the twin sisters is easier to get on with? — younger one. She is humorous girl. A.The;the B.The;a C.A;a D.A;the
5.(2018天津南开一模,22)— day of October is China’s National Day. —Yes. On that day you can see the national flags everywhere in China. A.First B.The first C.Third D.The third
6.(2018江苏扬州江都二模)—About of the children homeless after the earthquake. —Yes, we should help them rebuild the houses.
A.three fourths;was B.three fourth;were C.three fourths;were D.three fourth;was
7.(2018上海浦东一模)According to a recent survey, about of the working mothers in China plan to have a second child.
A.two fifth B.two five C.second fifths D.two fifths 8.(2017广东普宁一模,26)—Kelly bought this skirt yesterday. —It looks strange!Do you call this skirt? A.the B.a C.an D.one
9.(2017河北唐山路南一模,26)This is book I have told you about. It’s written by a university teacher. A.the B.an C.a D./
10.(2017福建宁德一检,16)—Are you taking vacation this summer? —Yes, but we’re not going anywhere. A.a B.an C.the
11.(2017山东泰安竞赛,21) Of all reasons for my decision to go abroad, my father’s advice was very important one.
A.the;/ B./;a C./;the D.the;a
12.(2017重庆江津中学模拟,26)Yesterday people came to the town to watch the car race. A.hundreds B.hundred C.hundreds of D.hundred of
13.(2017山东济南槐荫调研,35)Tree Planting Day is in March, the month of the year. A.three B.third C.five D.fifth
14.(2017天津河东一模,24)—Mum, the beautiful card I made last night is just for your birthday. —Oh, thank you, my dear!
A.forty B.the fortieth C.fortieth D.fourth 15.(2016辽宁营口模拟,8)—Do you know man in blue? —Yes, he is a teacher of university. A.a;a B.an;a C.the;an D.the;a
16.(2016河南新乡模拟,1)It is useful book.I borrowed it from school library. A.an;a B.a;an C.an;the D.a;the
17.(2016江苏靖江一模,1)Cindy is six-year-old girl and she has become famous since her first appearance in
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the show Where Are We Going, Dad?
A.a;the B.a;/ C.the;the D.the;/
18.(2016湖北黄冈模拟,33)Mother’s Day is on the Sunday in May every year. A.two B.second C.six D.sixth
19.(2016山东济南模拟,29)—Excuse me, sir. Here’s a package for Lin Tao. Which room does he live in? — .
A.308 Room B.Room 308 C.The Room 308 D.The 308 Room
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