课时分层作业 九
Module 3 Period 1
Forces other than damaging winds are also at work inside tornadoes. Sometimes, as the wind passes a house, the walls and ceiling
burst apart as if a bomb had gone off inside. This explosion(爆炸) is caused by the low air pressure(压力) at the center of a tornado.
The pressure at the center of a tornado is usually 13 pounds per square inch. However, inside the house the air pressure is normal, about 15 pounds per square inch. The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. But suppose a tornado passes over a small building that measures 20 by 10 by 10 feet. On each square inch of the building, there is 2 pounds of pressure from the inside that is not balanced by air pressure outside the building. On the ceiling, that adds up to an unbalanced pressure of 57, 600 pounds. The pressure of the four walls adds up to 172, 800 pounds.
If windows are open in the building, some of the inside air will rush out through them. This will balance the pressure inside and outside the building. But if the windows are shut tightly, the huge inside pressure may cause the building to burst.
Unfortunately, heavy rain often occurs in the storms that later produce tornadoes, so people often shut their windows. This may cause far worse damage later. 【语篇概述】本文主要讲述龙卷风除了具有破坏力极大的风之外, 多种力也作用于其内部。
1. What did the paragraph before this passage most probably discuss?
A. Measuring rainfall from a storm. B. The powerful winds of tornadoes. C. The kinds of damage caused by explosions. D. Repairing the damage from tornadoes.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。文章一开始就谈到龙卷风发生时, 内部的低压引起的“爆炸”会造成墙倒屋塌。在此之前很可能谈论的是“爆炸”所引起的各种破坏程度。
2. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage? A. How tornadoes can be prevented. B. When tornadoes usually occur. C. Where tornadoes are formed.
D. Why tornadoes cause so much damage.
【解析】选D。主旨大意题。文章主要是围绕龙卷风造成破坏的原因来展开的。 3. What is the difference per square inch between the air pressure inside a building and the air pressure inside a tornado? A. 2 pounds. C. 13 pounds.
B. 10 pounds. D. 15 pounds.
【解析】选A。数字计算题。根据第二段内容及该段第三句“The difference of 2 pounds per square inch between the inside and outside pressure may not seem like much. ”可知建筑物每平方英寸的气压之差是2磅。 4. Why do people shut windows when tornadoes occur? A. Because the wind is strong. B. Because there is heavy rain.
C. Because the weather is foggy. D. Because the weather is cold.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知答案。
【语言素养训练】
Skim the passage and tell us the main idea.
The passage mainly tells us the damage when a tornado occurs.
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
An earthquake is a trembling or shaking of the ground caused by the sudden release(释放) of energy stored in the rocks below the surface. Generally, earthquakes last only seconds. Strong earthquakes during medium(中等的) to large ones usually last about 10 to 30 seconds. After-shocks(余震) can occur once in a while for weeks or even months. Many people think that there is an “earthquake season” or a kind of “earthquake weather”. As a matter of fact, there isn’t. Earthquakes can occur(发生) at any time of the year and at any time of the day or night. Earthquakes occur under all weather conditions—sunny, wet, hot, or cold—without any special weather tendency(倾向).
Also, you don’t need to worry about that the ground will open up and swallow people when earthquakes occur. Open ground cracks may form during an earthquake related to(与……有关) land sliding or ground falling; however, such cracks tend to be open gaps(间隙) (they don’t “swallow”) that a person could stand in afterwards.
The safest place in an earthquake is an open field, where nothing can fall on
you. Earthquakes do not injure or kill people, but buildings and falling objects do. If you are indoors, when you feel the ground start to shake, take cover immediately under a table or strong piece of furniture, placing something between falling objects and yourself. Do not try to use the stairs or an elevator(电梯) to get out of the building.
【语篇概述】本文告诉我们关于地震的一些知识和如何在地震中避难。 1. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. All earthquakes usually last 10 to 30 seconds. B. After a big earthquake, there are no more quakes. C. Cracks in an earthquake are very dangerous.
D. What usually injures people during an earthquake are falling buildings.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。由第三段第二句 “Earthquakes do not injure or kill people, but buildings and falling objects do. ” 可知, 地震发生时伤害人的通常是崩塌的建筑物, 所以D项正确。
2. According to the passage, there isn’t “earthquake weather” really means that _________.
A. an earthquake only lasts seconds and doesn’t happen frequently B. an earthquake can happen at any time and in any kind of weather C. when an earthquake happens is related to the weather D. earthquakes change with the seasons
【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第一段倒数第一、二句 “Earthquakes can occur at any time of the year and at any time of the day or night. Earthquakes occur under all weather conditions—sunny, wet, hot, or cold—without any special weather
tendency. ” 可知, 地震在任何天气下都有可能发生, 故正确答案为B。 3. During an earthquake, which of the following things should you NOT do? A. Find an open field and stay there. B. Stay away from buildings. C. Take cover under a table. D. Take an elevator.
【解析】选 D。细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句 “Do not try to use the stairs or an elevator to get out of the building” 可知, 地震时不要乘坐电梯, 故正确答案为D。
4. The purpose of writing this passage is to _________. A. tell people what an earthquake is
B. argue if there really is “earthquake weather”
C. tell us about the earthquake and what to do when it happens D. give us some suggestions on what to do during an earthquake
【解析】选 C。主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了关于地震的一些信息, 第二段讲述了地震时不需要担心被裂缝吞噬, 第三段讲述了地震发生时如何避难, 故文章主要目的是告诉我们关于地震的一些知识和如何在地震中避难, 故正确答案为C。 Ⅱ. 阅读填句
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。 选项中有两项为多余选项。
How can I get self-motivation?
When you are feeling less than motivated, it can be easy to fall behind on your
work, personal life and aspirations. When this mood strikes, it is important to dig deep down and find a way to pull yourself through it to become the self-motivated person that you long to be.
1 For example, if your final goal is to do a 5 kilometers’ run, make running a half mile without stopping your first level of achievements. It doesn’t have to be achieved all at once, but little by little. When you feel that you have fully reached your first level, move on to the next. Having a final goal, and setting steps to get there, can help you have mini-achievements. 2 When you want to reach a certain goal, it often helps to imagine already achieving it. You may be able to be more self-motivated if you keep track of your progress. 3 Put one picture on the top of each page, and underneath, write what you did to reach that goal. If there are too few words on the page, it may be time to step up your efforts.
Special quotations can be a good way to inspire self-motivation. Find a quote that moves you and inspires you in a way that no other set of words has before. 4 Look at it on a daily basis, and use it as a way to inspire you to be more self-motivated.
5 Even on days when your motivation is lacking, there are ways that you can do what you need to do. If you want to be more self-motivated, it takes a lot of sweat and drive, but it can eventually produce the results that you are longing for. A. This practice can increase your drive to keep on going. B. It is you that have to motivate yourself to achieve your goal. C. Consider setting different levels of achievements for yourself.
D. If possible, turn those words into an art print and hang it in your home. E. Consider creating a journal with pictures of what you want to accomplish. F. An important way to be self-motivated is to push forward to get what you want. G. Being self-motivated can be difficult at times, but the effort usually reaps the rewards.
【语篇概述】本文讲述了如何进行自我激励。
1. 【解析】选C。本段讲述了把目标分成一个一个的小部分, 一点一点地实现目标。所以此处选“考虑为自己设置不同水平的目标”, 符合语境。故选C。 2. 【解析】选A。由前一句“有了终极目标并一步一步地去实现它, 这能够让你取得一些小的成就”可知, 此处选“这种做法会增加你前进的动力”符合语境。故选A。
3. 【解析】选E。根据空后一句中的“one picture”可知, E项符合语境。 4. 【解析】选D。本段讲述了用格言激励自己。D项“可能的话, 把这句格言变成艺术字悬挂在你家里”与下文“每天看它来激励自己”衔接, 符合语境。故选D。 5. 【解析】选G。最后一段进行总结。G项“有时自我激励会很难, 但是努力通常会有回报”与下文相符。 阅读理解
A
(2016·北京高考)
Surviving Hurricane Sandy (飓风桑迪)
Natalie Doan, 14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house. “It’s the ocean that makes Rockaway so special, ” she says.
On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalie’s family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the city’s bridges closed.
When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.
“My mom tells me that I can’t control what happens to me, ”Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I deal with it. ”
Natalie’s choice was to help.
She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patrick’s collection was replaced.
In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House
and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.
Today, the scars (创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I can’t imagine living anywhere but Rockaway, ” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before. ”
【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。Natalie的家乡Rockaway遭到飓风桑迪的袭击, 受灾严重。看到人们帮助家乡重建, Natalie也积极参与, 创建了一个网站分享求助信息, 她的行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬。
1. When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found_________. A. some friends had lost their lives B. her neighborhood was destroyed C. her school had moved to Brooklyn D. the elderly were free from suffering
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段的句子Many of Natalie’s friends had lost their homes and were living far away. 可知, A项错误; 根据“Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn”可知, 学校没有搬走, 她只是暂时去Brooklyn上学, C项错误; 根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”可知, D项错误; 根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. ”可知, 他们的街区被飓风毁了, 故选B。
2. According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most? A. The people helping Rockaway rebuild. B. The people trapped in high-rise buildings.
C. The volunteers donating money to survivors. D. Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段的句子In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. 可知, 是那些帮助Rockaway重建的人给了Natalie最大的鼓舞。 3. How did Natalie help the survivors? A. She gave her toys to other kids. B. She took care of younger children. C. She called on the White House to help. D. She built an information sharing platform.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的句子She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. 可知, Natalie创办了一个网站与公众分享信息, 以帮助那些需要帮助的人, 故选择D项。 4. What does the story intend to tell us? A. Little people can make a big difference. B. A friend in need is a friend indeed. C. East or West, home is best. D. Technology is power.
【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知, Natalie的助人行为得到了社会的认可和赞扬, 说明小人物也可以有大作为。
B
We often hear the saying, “You’ve a greater chance of being
struck by lightning than. . . ”It is used to describe something that hasn’t got much chance of happening. However, this common saying undermines(削弱)the very real danger of lightning.
Last Friday, at least five people were killed by lightning in Nepal. Lightning strikes are the second most common cause of deaths among natural disasters in the US. The first is floods. Around 400 people nationwide are struck by lightning each year, and of those, about 73 people die. More people are killed by lightning than by tornadoes and hurricanes.
Because lightning kills only one or two people at a time, its danger does not receive as much attention as other disasters.
To raise awareness(意识)of the damage of lightning the US has made June 22~28 National Lightning Safety Week; it aims to warn the public of the danger of lightning and provide safety tips about what to do during thunderstorms.
“If you can hear thunder(雷), you are in danger of being struck by lightning, ”said Rocky Lopes, a disaster educator at the American Red Cross.
“Thunder means that lightning is close enough to hit you at any minute, so you should move indoors immediately and stay there until the storm has ended. The single most important thing to remember is to find a hiding place, ”Lopes said.
Summer is the time for most lightning storms, so when lightning strikes across the sky, remember these safety tips: stop working, fishing, swimming or playing in an open area.
If you count less than ten seconds between the thunder and the lightning flash, take cover inside the nearest building. If that is not possible, follow these
instructions.
Do not stand under a tree. Do not use a mobile phone. Get off bicycles or motorcycles.
Crouch(蹲下) down if there is no hiding place. 【语篇概述】本文就怎样避免雷击给出了一些建议。
5. The popular opinion about being struck by lightning is that_________.
A. there is a greater chance of being killed by lightning than by any other natural disaster
B. it is the most dangerous among all the natural disasters C. the chance that a person to be struck by lightning is very small D. it is impossible for people to be killed by lightning
【解析】选C。细节理解题。由第一段中第二句可知。“hasn’t got much chance of happening”和“the chance is very small”的意思一致, 意为可能性很小。 6. On average, about_________of people struck by lightning die as a result. A. 18. 25% B. 50% C. 30% D. 73%
【解析】选A。数字计算题。由第二段中提供的信息可推算73÷400×100%=18. 25%。
7. Among all the safety tips, the most important one is that when you are outside and hear thunder you should_________. A. stand beside your bicycle or motorcycle B. quickly find a place to hide
C. count ten seconds between the thunder and the lightning
D. not use a hair drier
【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第六段第一句的后半句可知。 8. During thunderstorms, you should not_________. A. enter a place to hide B. turn off the TV C. close your window D. use your mobile phone
【解析】选D。细节理解题。从文章中的“Do not use a mobile phone. ”可知。
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