however, therefore, moreover 不能连接两个句子
五种简单句
1. 主谓 I came.
Since 2000 the figure has dropped slightly/sharply.
2. 主谓宾 I love you.
Before presenting my view, I will explore both sides of the controversial issue.
The departments concerned should deal with this unpleasant matter in two days.
In order to stay healthy, we should give up excessive smoking and drinking.
3. 主谓宾宾补 I found the room warm.
The stressful life makes many people sick.
We went to her house but found her out.
In English people name fat people couch potato. We made Tom monitor.
This placed her in a very difficult position.
I expect him to help me with my English.
We thought him to be an honest man.
I noticed him come in. He was noticed to come in.
I saw him swimming in the river.
He watched the piano carried upstairs.
4. 主谓双宾 I gave him a book.
The critics show us some convincing evidence.
5. 主系表 I am a student.
The fish went bad.
One merit of the Internet is easy access to the latest information.
并列句
1. and, not only…but also…
2. or, either…or…
3. but, yet, whereas, while
4. so, for He must be ill, for he doesn’t come here.
5. when=and at this/that time
1) sb was/were doing sth when…
2) sb was/were about to do sth when…
3) sb has just done sth when…
定语从句
1.只能用that的情况
1）先行词是all, none, much, little, something, anything, everything, nothing
2）先行词被the only, the very, all, any, no, few, little 修饰时
This is the very bike I lost yesterday.
3）先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰
4）先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰
5）先行词既有人又有物
2.关系代词as 的用法
1）such + n. + as; the same + n. +as
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
These houses were sold at such a low price as people expected.
He is not the same man as he was.
2）…such as…
Life is not such as I expect.
3.关系代词as 与which的区别
4. 抽象名词situation, stage, point 等，用where
名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句
1. that; whether/if; w,h
that 无地位无意义
whether/if无地位有意义
w/h有地位有意义
It depends on whether you can do the work well.
He asked me ‘how long have you lived in Liuzhou”
He asked me how long I had lived in Liuzhou.
2. what, wh-ever
Whoever comes will get a gift.
3. as if/ as though, because
It looked as if it was going to rain.
It seemed as if he had got one million dollars.
That is because you didn’t come on time.
状语从句
1.时间状语从句
when, while, as, after, before, as soon as, once, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than, till, until, not…until, every time, each time, next time, any time, the first/second/last time, since, by the time, 在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致。一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。If it rains tomorrow, we will not play basketball.
1）when, while, as
When: 可持续可短暂；可同时可先于；系表名主一致
a. When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
b. When the film ended, the people went back.
c. When he was a young man, he was fond of hunting. = As a young man, he was fond of hunting.
While：只持续
a. Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
As: 可交替可同时：一边……一边， 随着……
a. He hurried home, looking behind as he went.
He hurried home, and he looked behind as he went.
b. As time goes on, it’s getting warmer and warmer.
When, While, As: 主短暂，从延续进行
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
2) once, as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than ：The moment I heard the voice, I knew my father was coming.
hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than
时态，倒装
a. No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.
b. I had hardly got home when it began to rain.
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
3) till, until, not…until:肯主延续，否主短暂, Until可句首，强调与倒装
a. He remained there until/till she arrived.
b. You may stay here until/till the rain stops.
c. He won’t go to bed till/until she returns.
d. Until you told me I had no idea of it.
Till you told me I had no idea of it. (X) e. It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.
I had no idea of it until you told me.
It is(was) +被强调部分+that 从句
f. Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.
I had no idea of it until you told me.
4) before: 才，还不到……就……， 还未……就……；从谓不否；还要多久才……；过不多久……就……
a. We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
b. We hadn’t run a mile before he felt tired.
c. Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.
d. Before they reached the station, the train had gone.
e. It will be half a year before I come back.
f. It won’t be long before we meet again.
5) since： 从短暂主延续，时态，时间算法
a. I have written home four times since I came here.
b. She has been working in this factory since she left school.
c. It is three years since the war broke out.
d. It is three years since I smoked a cigar.
= It is three years since I stopped smoking a cigar.
e. It is three years since I began to smoke.
6) every time, each time, next time, any time, the first/second/last time 每当……，每次……， 下次……
a. Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
b. Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
c. The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
2. 地点状语从句：具体可前后，抽象须在前，与定异
where, wherever
a. We should go where the Party needs us most.
b. You are free to go wherever you like.
c. Where there is a will, there is a way.
d. Where there is smoke, there is fire.
e. You’d better make a mark where you have any questions.
You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.
3. 原因状语从句：because, as, since, now that, in that
a. I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.
b. As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
c. Now that/Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
d. It was foolish of you to take a taxi when/since/considering that you could walk there in five minutes.
e. His request is unreasonable in that he knows we cannot afford it.
4. 目的状语从句：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case
a. I’ll speak slowly so that/in order that you can understand me.
b. In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.
in order that 引导的从句可放在句首，so that不可以
for fear that, in case
a. Mary didn’t want to get out of bed, for fear that she might wake her baby up.
b. Take your raincoat, in case it rains.
5. 结果状语从句：so that, so…that…, such…that…如此……以致于
so many/much/few/little +n. +that
such a lot of/lots of+ n. +that
SO/SUCH句首，主倒装
a. Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
=Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
b. It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
c. He earned so little money that he couldn’t support his family.
d. So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 倒装
He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
e. He didn’t get up early enough to catch the bus.
= He got up too late to catch the bus.
= He got up so late as to miss the bus.
6. 条件状语从句：if, unless除非, so/as long as只要, in case, on condition that, suppose/supposing （that）, provided that
a. You’ll fail the exam unless you study hard.
=You’ll fail the exam if you don’t study hard.
b. As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed.
c. Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
d. In case there is a fire, what will we do first?
7. 方式状语从句：as, as if好像, as though好像
1. Do as you are told to, or you’ll be fired.否则
2. The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
3. I feel as if I have a fever. 发烧
8. 让步状语从句
1) although/though虽然, even though/even if即使
a. He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.
b. Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
c. Even though/if it is raining, we’ll go there.
d. Even if I were busy, I would go. 虚拟语气
e. He said he would come; he didn’t, though. 然而
2) as, though:表、状、动原句首倒装
a. Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
b. Much as/though I like it, I won’t buy it, for it’s too expensive.
e. Smart though/as she is, she doesn’t study hard.
= Though she is smart, she doesn’t study hard.
= Although she is smart, she doesn’t study hard.
= Smart although she is, she doesn’t study hard. (X)
= As she is smart, she doesn’t study hard.(X)
3) whether…or…， wh/h +ever与no matter +wh/h
a. Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
b. Whatever (No matter what) you say, he won’t believe you.
c. Whoever you are (No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.
4) when, while =although
a. Suddenly, she stopped when she ought to have continued.
b. While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
9. 比较状语从句
1) 关于补that of和those of的问题
例：The title of this book is more interesting than that book.
例：As the concert drew to a close, I realized once more that I usually respond most
A B
enthusiastically to Beethoven’s harmonic language because it seems far more dramatic to me
C
than other composers. No error
D E
例：On the whole, Steven preferred driving on small, rural roads, which he found more
scenic than the big city where he lived. No error 2) 关于like/unlike/similar to/compared with/in comparison with的问题
例：Like Mary, Judy’s legs are also long.
例：Compared with Tom, the works of Allen are more intelligent. 3) 关于比较结构中补助动词的问题
例：I love Mary more than my parents.
例：I love Mary more than my parents do.
名词性从句：1. that 2.whether/if 3. 特殊疑问词5w 1h
That the earth travels around the sun is true.
Whether the earth travels around the sun is unknown It is true that the earth travels around the sun
We all know that the earth travels around the sun
The truth is that the earth travels around the sun.
The truth that the earth travels around the sun is well known.
The student (who quits school at age sixteen) may have the opinion that an early entry into the job market ultimately improves job security.
I don’t like apples or bananas.
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