词义猜测题
A
(2018·北京，D)
Preparing Cities for Robot Cars
The possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream，years away from materializing in the real world. Well，the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self－driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars，and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California，it should be noted，isn’t leading the way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes，the techno－logy has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is regulated.
While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so)，policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions(排放)and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options. The arrival of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more
shared.
Do we want to copy—or even worsen—the traffic of today with driverless cars？Imagine a future where most adults own individual self－driving vehicles. They tolerate long，slow journeys to and from work on packed highways because they can work，entertain themselves or sleep on the ride，which encourages urban spread. They take their driverless car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the self－driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport—an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride－hailing(叫车)services.
A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that replacing petrol－powered private cars worldwide with electric，self－driving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure (基础设施) and operations 40% by 2050. Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty appealing. The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by ride－hailing services，considering the cost of self－driving technology as well as liability and maintenance issues(责任与维护问题). But driverless car ownership could increase as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology.
Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car－controlled transportation system we have today. The coming technological
advancement presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people，and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.
文章大意：本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕无人驾驶汽车这项前沿科技话题，对以下方面进行了讨论：对无人驾驶汽车最大的担忧，对无人驾驶汽车未来发展的态度以及可能会出现的管理问题。通篇讨论了无人驾驶汽车的管理问题，引导考生辩证地看待问题。
❶ According to the author，attention should be paid to how driverless cars can __A__.
A．help deal with transportation－related problems
B．provide better services to customers
C．cause damage to our environment
D．make some people lose jobs
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety. . . policymakers also should be talking about how self－driving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams，cut emissions and offer more convenient，affordable mobility options. ”可知，人们对无人驾驶汽车的关注点在于其安全性以及有助于减少交通拥堵等方面。选项A“有助于解决与交通有关的问题”与此意思吻合。
❷ As for driverless cars，what is the author’s major concern？ __D__
A．Safety. B．Side effects.
C．Affordability. D．Management.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless vehicles doesn’t extend the worst aspects of the car－controlled transportation system we have today. ”并结合上文内容可知，作者希望政策的制定者要考虑这些无人驾驶车辆的管理，不要扩大现有汽车管理运输系统中的最糟糕的方面，与选项D提到的“(车辆)管理”吻合，显然这是作者比较关心的。
❸ What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？ __A__
A．Employed. B．Replaced.
C．Shared. D．Reduced.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中画线词所在句的前半部分内容the first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly并结合下句中as the prices drop and more people become comfortable with the technology可知，随着价格的降低以及人们对这项技术开始应用自如，第一批上市的无人驾驶车辆会被用到“叫车服务”中。选项A“使用”符合题意。
❹ What is the author’s attitude to the future of self－driving cars？ __B__
A．Doubtful. B．Positive.
C．Disapproving. D．Sympathetic.
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it. ”可知，无人驾驶车辆的时代马上来到，准备好迎接它的到来吧。由此推断作者对于这种新科技持积极乐观的态度。
B
(2018·全国Ⅲ，D)
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings？The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the pre－holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less－used things，and it worked. Because of our efforts，our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund (基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).
For weeks，I’ve been thinking of bigger，deeper questions：How do we make it a habit for them？And how do we train ourselves to help them live with，need，and use less？Yesterday，I sat with my son，Shepherd，determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes，ten minutes，max. I chose a red rubber ball—simple，universally available. We passed it，he tried to put it in his mouth，he tried bouncing it，rolling it，sitting on it，throwing it. It was totally，completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
文章大意：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，题材是生活哲理。文章介绍了作者如何教育自己的孩子用更少的物质过更丰富的生活。
❺ What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean？ __A__
A．The more，the better. B．Enough is enough.
C．More money，more worries. D．Earn more and spend more.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句“The good news is that I can help my own
kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. ”可知，作者不认同前面的more is more这种观点；再根据第一句可知，成人能够理解物质过剩的感受，可是当涉及孩子时，我们却会认为(孩子)拥有的东西越多越好。more is more是相对于enough is enough而言的，故选A。
❻ What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects？ __C__
A．Saving up for her holiday.
B．Raising money for a poor girl.
C．Adding the money to her fund.
D．Giving the money to a sick mother.
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句中when we promised to put the money into her school fund可知，当我们许诺把卖掉这些物品的钱放到她学校基金里的时候，她才同意卖，故选C。
❼ Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd？ __A__
A．To try out an idea. B．To show a parent’s love.
C．To train his attention. D．To help him start a hobby.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第三句中determined to test my own theory on this
和第四句中I decided to play with him可知作者和儿子玩耍是为了测试自己的理论：live more with less，故选A。B、D两项文章都没有提到。
❽ What can be a suitable title for the text？ __C__
A．Take It or Leave It B．A Lesson from Kids
C．Live More with Less D．The Pleasure of Giving
解析：主旨大意题。第一段的最后一句是文章中心句。作者培养孩子用更少的物质过更丰富生活的习惯，文章最后一句也是对本文中心句的回应。作为题目，应该简洁，突出中心思想，故选C。
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