2020-2021学年上海市黄浦区大同中学高二(下)期末英语试卷

2020-2021学年上海市黄浦区大同中学高二（下）期末英语试卷

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank.

1．（10分）A glimpse at the \"private，hidden face\" of Albert Einstein，including the celebrated scientist's thoughts on everything from his fears（1） his best work was behind him to his beloved younger sister，Maja.

The collection，which includes a previously unknown photograph of Einstein as a five﹣year﹣old and the only（2） （survive）letter written by Einstein to his father，comes from the archive（档案）of Maja Winterler﹣Einstein and her husband Paul Winteler.A mix of letters.postcards and photographs，many of（3） have not previously been published，range in date from 1897 to 1951.

\"What is remarkable about them comes from the fact that he had this incredibly close relationship with his sister.It's quite clear that（4） he's writing to her，there's no role﹣playing at all.\" said Thomas Venning at Christie's.which will auction（拍卖）the letters soon. \"He was very conscious of what（5） （expect）of him after he became famous，and you don't get any of that in letters to his sister.He says some things that I've never seen him say anywhere else.and I've catalogued many hundreds of his letters.\"

In 1924，nine years after he completed the general theory of relativity in 1915.Einstein would write to Maja that \"scientifically I haven't achieved much recently﹣the brain gradually goes oft （停止）（6） age，though that is not so unpleasant.It also means that you're not so answerable for your later years.\" Ten years later，he would write to her：\"I am happy in my work，（7） in this and in other matters I am starting to feel that the brilliance of younger years is past.\"

Venning said he had not seen Einstein（8） （admit）this anywhere else. \"It's not him（9） （play）a role：you can see that thought going through his head，which is true﹣if Einstein had died in 1916，his fiundamental legacy would have been complete.He carried on working for another 40 years without making any other great breakthrough，so it's

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just an extraordinary moment which we get because of （10） close their relationship was.He didn't have to reassure（使安心）her，\" he said.

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 2．（10分）

A.threatened B.enthusiastically C.charge D.viewed E.command F.satisfy G.undoubtedly H.approval I.favorable J.treasured K.considerable

Public image doesn't make money directly，nor is it anything visible.However，excellent public image is such an important thing that it is （1） desired by every company，enterprise，institution，etc.Public image refers to how a company is（2） by its customers，suppliers，and stockholders，by the financial community，by the communities where it operates，and by federal and local governments.Public image is controllable to（3） extent，just as the product，price，place，and promotional efforts are.

A firm's public image plays a vital role in the attraction of the firm and its products to employees，customers，and to such outsiders as stockholders，supplies，creditors（货款方），government officials，as well as different special groups.With some things it is impossible to（4） all the different publics：for example，a new highly automated plant may meet the（5） of creditors and stockholders.However，it will（6） find resistance from employees who see their jobs（7） .On the other hand，high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval，while low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon.

A firm's public image，if it is good，should be（8） .It is a valuable strength that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics.If a firm has developed a quality image，this is not easily imitated by competitors.Such as image may enable a firm to（9） higher prices，to win the best distributors and dealers，to attract the best employees，to expect the most favorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs.It should also allow the firm's stock to（10） higher price﹣earnings ratio（比例）than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image.

Ⅲ. Cloze test：Directions： For each blank in the following passage，there are four words or

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phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

3．（15分）Nothing seems more inevitable than aging and death﹣not even taxes.Every plant，animal and person you have ever seen will （1） die.But some recent research suggests that aging as we know it may not be inevitable.Indeed，as our（2） of it grows，aging can be seen not as an unchangeable reality from which there is no escape，but as the product of biological processes that we may be able to（3） someday.

We already know that some animals do not seem to age.Many cold﹣water ocean fish and some amphibians（两栖动物）never（4） a fixed size：they continue to grow bigger，to be able to reproduce and to live until something kills them.What these creatures seem to be telling us is that something in their（5） ﹣and possibly in ours﹣controls the pace of aging，（6） that aging is not the fate of every living thing.

Throughout the history of life on earth，one of the most common difficulties that animals and their cells have faced has been a lack of food.About 70 years ago，scientists discovered that when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories than they would（7） eat，something unusual happens；they become （8） to most age﹣related diseases ﹣cancer，heart disease，diabetes ﹣and live 30﹣50 percent longer.Restricting calories（9） aging.But what are the（10） genes that preserve vitality and starve off diseases？ About 15 years ago，armed with powerful new molecular﹣research technique，a few scientists began to（11） these genetic phenomena.They have discovered that a gene called Sir2﹣which is present in all animals，including humans ﹣is（12） for the health benefits of calorie restriction perhaps by repairing our DNA.But if we had to restrict our calorie intake（13） 30 to 40 percent would it be of any practical use？Few of us would be capable of restricting our diets so severely that we were constantly（14） .Whether or not it made life longer，it would surely make life （15） longer

（1）A.suddenly （2）A.desire （3）A.develop

B.eventually B.feeling B.design

C.gradually C.fear C.control

D.unexpectedly D.understanding D.solve

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（4）A.reach （5）A.brains （6）A.but （7）A.rarely （8）A.resistant （9）A.quickens （10）A.available （11）A.investigate （12）A.famous （13）A.on

（14）A.disappointed （15）A.look

B.acquire B.environment B.or

B.occasionally B.similar B.slows B.extra B.illustrate B.generous B.to B.depressed B.feel

C.need C.growth C.and C.normally C.essential C.avoids C.specific C.record C.responsible C.in C.starved C.live

D.display D.genes D.nor D.mainly D.accessible D.overcomes D.original D.prove D.convenient D.by D.scared D.become

IV. Reading Comprehension：Directions： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

4．（8分）Zelda Fitzgerald，as is revealed by numerous personal books and letters，wore many labels in her life.She was \"the original flapper girl\" and \"the spirit of the Jazz Age.\" Married to the celebrated writer F.Scott Fitzgerald （author of The Gireat Giatsby），she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life.In her later years she was \"Crazy Zelda\".

Accurate as all these descriptions may be，they do not tell the whole story.Bon in Montgomery，Alabama，she was noted for her beauty and high spirits in dancing.In July 1918，at a country club dance.Fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18﹣year﹣old Zelda who out﹣shined（使逊色）other beauties with her distinguished ballet.A light affection evolved into a lengthy long﹣distance pursuit of weekly letters，with Fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men.He courted her after his discharge from the Army in February 1919，but Zelda had doubts.Her fiance wasn't rich and there was no guarantee he'd ever be famous.His short stories didn't sell.His apartment was a dump.Zelda

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gave back the ring.Hoping to fix the \"no money\" part of his problem.Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite novels for success and money so that he could win back his girl.Finally，he made it!On March 20，1920，his novel This Side of Paradise got published and Zelda agreed to marry him.

However，their marriage was troubled by wild drinking，fighting，infidelity（不忠实）and bitter recriminations.Emest Hemingway，whom Zelda disliked，blamed her for Scot's declining iterary output，though she has also been portrayed as the victim of an overbearing husbano Actually.Zelda was also creative，pursuing both dancing and writing.Some scholars have portrayed Zelda as a creative talent ignored by the patriarchal（男权的）society of the day.Her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation﹣Scott used their relationship as material in his novels，even borrowing episodes from Zelda's diary and applying them into his fictional writings.She detested（讨厌）her husband's practice：\"Mr.Fitzgerald﹣I believe that is how he spells his name﹣seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.\" To seek an artistic identity of her own value，as she put it \"I wish I could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist.\"

Nevertheless her unique personality was starting to seem more unbalanced than charming.The couple﹣like the rest of the nation﹣was living on borrowed time.In October 1929 the stock market crashed，triggering the Great Depression.Six months later.Zelda suffered her first nervous breakdown.After being diagnosed with schizophrenia（精神分裂），she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics，and since then has departed with her husband.Zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in Asheville.North Carolina，putting an end to her flamboyant（绚丽夺目的）life.A young woman，especially one in the 1920s，who was against traditional dress and behavior.

（1）Where will you most probably find this article？ A.In a newspaper. B.In a literary magazine. C.In a prepared speech. D.In a research report.

（2）Which phrase can best summarize the relationship between F.Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda？

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A.Ideal partnership.

B.Unbalanced love relationship. C.Love﹣hate relationship. D.Mutually﹣jealous relationship.

（3）The underlined word \"plagiarism\" in paragraph three is closet in meaning to \" \". A.copying B.adaption C.reference D.imagination

（4）Which of the following is true according to the article？

A.Fitzgerald successfully won Zelda's heart by reading her his novels and writing her weekly letters.

B.Hemingway disliked Zelda because of her female identity and talent that outshined her husband.

C.Zelda was glad to be her husband's muse and provided him with literary materials. D.The \"Crazy Zelda\" died without Fitzgerald's companion after severe schizophrenia. 5．（8分）What exactly is a lie？Is it anything we say which we know is untrue？Or is it something more than that？For example，suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you.You say \"I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself.\" In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.Is this really a lie？

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying.According to him，women are better liars than men，particular when telling a \"white lie\"，such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful.However，this is only one side of the story.Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，such as making a promise which they no intention of fulfilling.This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at：the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way. Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small apparently unimportant ways when they lie.It has been found that if they are sitting down at the

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time，they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.To the trained observer they are saying \"I wish I were somewhere else now.\" They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often，in particular the nose.One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.The up of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure make sit itch.

Another gesture which give liars away is that the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man﹣watching calls \"the mouth cover\".He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper﹣lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth.Such as gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the lair to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course，such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth，or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying.They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation.It is not one gesture alone that gives the lair away but whole number of things and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

（1）According to the passage，a \"white lie\" seems to be a lie . A.that other people believe B.that other people don't believe

C.told in order to avoid offending someone D.told in order to take advantage of someone

（2）According to Professor Jellison，women . A.generally lie far more than men do

B.are better at telling less serious lies than men are C.lie at parties more often than men do D.often make promise they don't intend to keep

（3）Researchers find when a person tells a lie， . A.he looks very serious

B.his blood pressure increase considerably C.he uses his unconscious mind

D.there tends to be some small changes in his behavior

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（4）Which of the following may best betray（出卖）a liar？ A.The touching of the tip of one's nose. B.The changes of one's behavior. C.The circumstances where the lie is told. D. \"The mouth cover\" gesture.

Directions： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 6．（8分）

A.But despite its popularity，experts warn that bio﹣metrics might not be as secure as we'd imagined

B.Security experts don't think it absolutely necessary to use biometric technology. C.But using different security measures is the best defense. D.Now this type of technology might not be far away.

E.If a person's biometric information is stolen，that could have extremely serious results for him.

F.The chance that a random person could look at your iPhone X and unlock it with his face is about one in a million.

Imagine you're standing in line to buy an after﹣school snack at a store.You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food.Next，you have to pay.But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone，you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint.Or，a camera scans your face，your eyes or even your ear.

（1） As technology companies move away from traditional password，biometric（生物识别）security，which includes fingerprint，face and voice ID，is becoming increasingly popular.

In 2013，Apple introduced the iPhone 5s，one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner.Since then，using one's fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace，bringing convenience to our lives.And since lasts year，San﹣sun has featured eye﹣scanning technology in its top smartphone，while Apple's new iPhone X can

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even scan a user's face.

（2） \"Bio﹣metrics，ideally are good.\" John Michener，a biometric expert，told tech website Inverse. \"In practice，not so much.\"

When introducing the new iPhone's Face ID feature at Apple's Keynote Event in September.Phil Schiller，Apple's senior vice president，said. \"（3） \".

But it's already been done.In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3，two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face.Quartz reported.And they aren't even twins.

\"We may expect too much from bio﹣metrics.\" Anil Jain，a computer science professor at Michigan State University，told CBS news. \"No security systems are perfect.\"

Earlier this year，Jain found a way to trick biometric security.Using a printed copy of a thumbprint，she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.

\"It's good to see bio﹣metrics being used more，\" Jain told CBS News，\"because it adds another factor for security. （4） .\"

V. Phrases：Directions： Fill in each blank with one phrase from the table in its proper form. Note that there are two phrases more than needed. 7．（10分）

for the sake of plunge into come up with in rains establish the position of burst out have every reason in silence act on contribute to nothing more than for sure

（1）We each Chinese to pride ourselves on the achievements we have made over the past 20 years.

（2）Objects at rest tend to remain at rest unless by an outside force.

（3）Engineers in different countries，working independently of each other， very similar results on it in the last decades.

（4）We heard that the city was and that it was filled with thousands of starving，homeless people.

（5）The significance of this project lies in the fact that it a better

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interaction between teachers and students in recent years.

（6）In the Netherlands，thousands of enthusiasts braved the chill winds to the North Sea to celebrate New Year's Day.

（7）The sudden sound of footsteps made Mr.Spencer's blood run cold.

（8）In time of the global financial crisis，the only way out is Chinese clothing brand in the international clothing industry.

（9）The luxury car represents the owner's social status in China while it is a vehicle in its country of origin.

（10）I thought everything was fine until Charles crying in the middle of dinner.

VI. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.

8．（3分）那个被指控抢劫的罪犯后来证明是清白的。（accuse） 9．（3分）他的小说在世界范围赢得了大量的读者，其中大部分是年轻人。（account，whom） 10．（4分）一部名著能让读者发现生命的部分意义从而能经得住时间的考验。（enable） 11．（5分）我们从参观博物馆中受益匪浅，让我们更好地理解了如何保护野生动植物。（So...，benifit） 第10页（共33页）

2020-2021学年上海市黄浦区大同中学高二（下）期末英语试卷

参考答案与试题解析

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank.

1．（10分）A glimpse at the \"private，hidden face\" of Albert Einstein，including the celebrated scientist's thoughts on everything from his fears（1） that his best work was behind him to his beloved younger sister，Maja.

The collection，which includes a previously unknown photograph of Einstein as a five﹣year﹣old and the only（2） surviving （survive）letter written by Einstein to his father，comes from the archive（档案）of Maja Winterler﹣Einstein and her husband Paul Winteler.A mix of letters.postcards and photographs，many of（3） which have not previously been published，range in date from 1897 to 1951.

\"What is remarkable about them comes from the fact that he had this incredibly close relationship with his sister.It's quite clear that（4） when he's writing to her，there's no role﹣playing at all.\" said Thomas Venning at Christie's.which will auction（拍卖）the letters soon. \"He was very conscious of what（5） was expected （expect）of him after he became famous，and you don't get any of that in letters to his sister.He says some things that I've never seen him say anywhere else.and I've catalogued many hundreds of his letters.\"

In 1924，nine years after he completed the general theory of relativity in 1915.Einstein would write to Maja that \"scientifically I haven't achieved much recently﹣the brain gradually goes oft （停止）（6） with age，though that is not so unpleasant.It also means that you're not so answerable for your later years.\" Ten years later，he would write to her：\"I am happy in my work，（7） even if in this and in other matters I am starting to feel that the brilliance of younger years is past.\"

Venning said he had not seen Einstein（8） admit （admit）this anywhere else. \"It's not him（9） playing （play）a role：you can see that thought going through his head，which

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is true﹣if Einstein had died in 1916，his fiundamental legacy would have been complete.He carried on working for another 40 years without making any other great breakthrough，so it's just an extraordinary moment which we get because of （10） how close their relationship was.He didn't have to reassure（使安心）her，\" he said.

【分析】本文为说明文，主要介绍在爱因斯坦给妹妹玛雅的家书中，这位赫赫有名的科学家坦言了自己的心声。

【解答】（1）that .考查同位语从句。句意：这些尘封已久的信件，让我们能一窥阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦私底下\"不为人知的一面\"。在信中，他对心爱的妹妹玛雅透露了许多想法，比如对自己江郎才尽所感到的恐惧。分析句子可知，此处引导fears的同位语从句，在从句中不作成分，没有任何含义，故填that.

（2）surviving.考查现在分词。句意：这批藏品包括一张爱因斯坦五岁时的照片，也是爱因斯坦写给他父亲的唯一一封幸存的信，这张照片来自于Maja Winterler Einstein及其丈夫Paul Winteler的档案馆。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，survive为不及物动词，没有被动语态，故用现在分词作定语，故填surviving.

（3）which.考查定语从句。句意：信件、明信片和照片的混合体，其中许多以前从未出版过，年代从1897年到1951年不等。分析句子可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为letters.postcards and photographs，在从句中作宾语，故填which.

（4）when.考查时间状语从句。句意：很明显，他给妹妹写信时，是完全坦诚、毫无伪装的。分析句子可知，此处引导时间状语从句，表示\"当...\"，故填when.

（5）was expected.考查动词时态及语态。句意：佳士得拍卖行的托马斯•卫宁说，\"成名后的爱因斯坦很清楚外界对自己抱有何种期待，但在和妹妹的通信中，你看不到他有丝毫矫饰。他在信里说的事情，我从未见他在其他地方提起过，我可整理过几百封他的信件呢。\"结合句意可知，此处在讲述过去发生的事情，句子用一般过去时，主语为what，谓语动词用三单形式，故填was expected.

（6）with.考查介词。句意：我最近没什么科研方面的成就——现在年纪大了，脑子也慢慢不行了，虽然这也不算那么让人讨厌的一件事。with表示\"随着\"，符合句意，故填with. （7）even if.考查让步状语从句。句意：我很享受我的工作，尽管不论是在工作还是其他方面，我都觉得自己盛年已逝，光辉不再了。分析句子可知，此处引导让步状语从句，表示\"即使\"，故填even if.

（8）admit.考查动词不定式。句意：卫宁说自己从未见过爱因斯坦在别处承认过这点。

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see sb do表示\"看到某人做某事\"符合句意，其中宾语Einstein与admit之间是主动关系，故用省略to的不定式作宾补，故填admit.

（9）playing.考查现在分词。句意：他说这话是不带任何掩饰的，你可以看出这就是他脑子里当时在想的东西。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，he与play之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填playing.

（10）how.考查宾语从句。句意：所以说，正因为两人有着如此亲密的关系，我们才得以捕捉到这个极为特殊的时刻。分析句子可知，此处引导宾语从句，在从句中修饰close，表示\"多么亲密\"符合句意，故填how.

【点评】解答此类题目应先浏览全文，概括大意，再根据句子间的提示以及括号内的汉语提示或首字母提示，依据语法规则和行为逻辑来推测并填写合适的词语。

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. 2．（10分）

A.threatened B.enthusiastically C.charge D.viewed E.command F.satisfy G.undoubtedly H.approval I.favorable J.treasured K.considerable

Public image doesn't make money directly，nor is it anything visible.However，excellent public image is such an important thing that it is （1） desired by every company，enterprise，institution，etc.Public image refers to how a company is（2） D by its customers，suppliers，and stockholders，by the financial community，by the communities where it operates，and by federal and local governments.Public image is controllable to（3） K extent，just as the product，price，place，and promotional efforts are.

A firm's public image plays a vital role in the attraction of the firm and its products to employees，customers，and to such outsiders as stockholders，supplies，creditors（货款方），government officials，as well as different special groups.With some things it is impossible to（4） F all the different publics：for example，a new highly automated plant may meet the（5） H of creditors and stockholders.However，it will（6） G find resistance from employees who see their jobs（7） A .On the other hand，high quality products and service standards should bring almost complete approval，while low quality products and false claims would be widely looked down upon.

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A firm's public image，if it is good，should be（8） J .It is a valuable strength that usually is built up over a long and satisfying relationship of a firm with publics.If a firm has developed a quality image，this is not easily imitated by competitors.Such as image may enable a firm to（9） C higher prices，to win the best distributors and dealers，to attract the best employees，to expect the most favorable creditor relationships and lowest borrowing costs.It should also allow the firm's stock to（10） E higher price﹣earnings ratio（比例）than other firms in the same industry with such a good reputation and public image. 【分析】本文讲述了什么是公众形象，以及公众形象的重要性。

【解答】（1）B.考查副词。根据句意\"然而，良好的公众形象是如此重要，它是每个公司、企业、事业单位等都热切渴望的。\"可知要填的词为\"enthusiastically热切地\"，修饰动词，所以用副词，故选B.

（2）D.考查动词语态。根据句意\"公众形象指的是一个公司在客户、供应商、股东、金融界、其经营所在地以及联邦和地方政府眼中的形象。\"可知要填的词为\"viewed看待\"，和主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词和is构成被动语态，故选D.

（3）K.考查形容词。根据句意\"公众形象在相当程度上是可控的，就像产品、价格、地点和促销努力一样。\"可知要填的词为\"considerable相当多（或大、重要等）的\"，作定语修饰名词，所以用形容词，故选K.

（4）F.考查动词不定式。根据句意\"有些事情是不可能满足所有不同的公众的：例如，一个新的高度自动化的工厂可能会得到债权人和股东的认可。\"可知要填的词为\"satisfy满足\"，it作形式主语，所以用不定式作真正主语，故选F.

（5）H.考查名词。根据句意\"有些事情是不可能满足所有不同的公众的：例如，一个新的高度自动化的工厂可能会得到债权人和股东的认可。\"可知要填的词为\"approval赞同\"，作宾语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词，故选H.

（6）G.考查副词。根据句意\"然而，毫无疑问，它会遭到员工的抵制，因为他们认为自己的工作受到了威胁。\"可知要填的词为\"undoubtedly毫无疑问地\"，修饰句子，所以用副词，故选G.

（7）A.考查过去分词。根据句意\"然而，毫无疑问，它会遭到员工的抵制，因为他们认为自己的工作受到了威胁。\"可知要填的词为\"threatened威胁\"，和see的宾语是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补，故选A.

（8）J.考查动词语态。根据句意\"一个公司的公众形象，如果它是好的，就应该被珍惜。

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\"可知要填的词为\"treasured珍惜\"，和主语之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词和be构成被动语态，故选J.

（9）C.考查动词。根据句意\"例如，形象可以使公司收取更高的价格，赢得最好的经销商和经销商，吸引最好的员工，期望最有利的债权人关系和最低的借贷成本。\"可知要填的词为\"charge收费\"，enable sb.to do sth.使某人能够做某事，故选C.

（10）E.考查动词。根据句意\"它还应使公司的股票获得比同行业中其他具有良好声誉和公众形象的公司更高的市盈率。\"可知要填的词为\"command博得\"，allow sb.to do sth.使某人能够做某事，故选E. 【点评】如何做选词填空 1.根据语法，判断词性

一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性，从而正确的选词，进一步缩小词的选择范围。 2.利用语境，确定词形

当确定了一个单词的词性后，可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式，如主谓一致，动词的时态，语态，固定短语，名词的数和所有格，形容词，副词的比较级等。

Ⅲ. Cloze test：Directions： For each blank in the following passage，there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

3．（15分）Nothing seems more inevitable than aging and death﹣not even taxes.Every plant，animal and person you have ever seen will （1） die.But some recent research suggests that aging as we know it may not be inevitable.Indeed，as our（2） D of it grows，aging can be seen not as an unchangeable reality from which there is no escape，but as the product of biological processes that we may be able to（3） C someday.

We already know that some animals do not seem to age.Many cold﹣water ocean fish and some amphibians（两栖动物）never（4） A a fixed size：they continue to grow bigger，to be able to reproduce and to live until something kills them.What these creatures seem to be telling us is that something in their（5） D ﹣and possibly in ours﹣controls the pace of aging，（6） C that aging is not the fate of every living thing.

Throughout the history of life on earth，one of the most common difficulties that animals and their cells have faced has been a lack of food.About 70 years ago，scientists discovered that

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when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories than they would（7） C eat，something unusual happens；they become （8） A to most age﹣related diseases ﹣cancer，heart disease，diabetes ﹣and live 30﹣50 percent longer.Restricting calories（9） aging.But what are the（10） C genes that preserve vitality and starve off diseases？ About 15 years ago，armed with powerful new molecular﹣research technique，a few scientists began to（11） A these genetic phenomena.They have discovered that a gene called Sir2﹣which is present in all animals，including humans ﹣is（12） C for the health benefits of calorie restriction perhaps by repairing our DNA.But if we had to restrict our calorie intake（13） D 30 to 40 percent would it be of any practical use？Few of us would be capable of restricting our diets so severely that we were constantly（14） C .Whether or not it made life longer，it would surely make life （15） longer

（1）A.suddenly （2）A.desire （3）A.develop （4）A.reach （5）A.brains （6）A.but （7）A.rarely （8）A.resistant （9）A.quickens （10）A.available （11）A.investigate （12）A.famous （13）A.on

（14）A.disappointed （15）A.look

B.eventually B.feeling B.design B.acquire B.environment B.or

B.occasionally B.similar B.slows B.extra B.illustrate B.generous B.to B.depressed B.feel

C.gradually C.fear C.control C.need C.growth C.and C.normally C.essential C.avoids C.specific C.record C.responsible C.in C.starved C.live

D.unexpectedly D.understanding D.solve D.display D.genes D.nor D.mainly D.accessible D.overcomes D.original D.prove D.convenient D.by D.scared D.become

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍最近的一些研究表明，我们所知的衰老可能不是不

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可避免的。随着我们对衰老的理解不断加深，衰老不再被视为无法逃避的不可改变的现实，而是成为我们有朝一日可能能够控制的生物过程的产物。

【解答】（1）B．考查副词及语境理解。A.suddenly突然；B.eventually最终；C.gradually逐渐地；D.unexpectedly意外地。句意：你见过的每一种植物、动物和人最终都会死去。根据第一段第一句\"Nothing seems more inevitable than aging and death﹣not even taxes.（似乎没有什么比衰老和死亡更不可避免的了，甚至税收也不例外。）\"可知，衰老不可避免，动物、植物和人最终都会死去。故选B项。

（2）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.desire欲望；B.feeling感觉；C.fear恐惧；D.understanding理解力。句意：的确，随着我们对衰老的理解不断加深，衰老不再被视为无法逃避的不可改变的现实，而是成为我们有朝一日可能能够控制的生物过程的产物。根据本句内容\"Indeed，as our （2） of it grows，aging can be seen not as an unchangeable reality from which there is no escape，but as the product of biological processes that we may be able to （3） someday.\"以及第二段第一句\"We already know that some animals do not seem to age.（我们已经知道有些动物似乎不会变老。）\"可知，随着我们对衰老的理解不断加深，衰老不再被视为无法逃避的不可改变的现实，人们已经从一些生物中发现不会变老的现象，可推出人们对衰老的理解正在改变。故选D项。

（3）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.develop发展；B.design设计；C.control控制；D.solve解决。句意：的确，随着我们对衰老的理解不断加深，衰老不再被视为无法逃避的不可改变的现实，而是成为我们有朝一日可能能够控制的生物过程的产物。根据本句内容\"Indeed，as our （2） of it grows，aging can be seen not as an unchangeable reality from which there is no escape，but as the product of biological processes that we may be able to （3） someday.\"可知，衰老不再不可避免，而是可能被我们控制。故选C项。 （4）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.reach达到；B.acquire获得；C.need需要；D.display显示。句意：许多冷水海洋鱼类和两栖动物（两栖动物）从未达成固定大小：他们继续增长更大，能够繁殖和生活直到杀死它们。根据空后内容\"they continue to grow bigger，to be able to reproduce and to live until something kills them.（它们会继续长大，能够繁殖和生存，直到被某种东西杀死。）\"可知，这些海洋鱼类和两栖动物一直在生长，没有达到固定的大小。故选A项。

（5）D．考查名词及语境理解。A.brains大脑；B.environment环境；C.growth增长；D.genes基因。句意：这些生物似乎在告诉我们，在它们的基因中﹣﹣﹣可能在我们的基因中—

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—有一些东西控制着衰老的速度，而衰老并不是所有生物的命运。根据本句内容\"What these creatures seem to be telling us is that something in their （5） —and possibly in ours——controls the pace of aging， （6） that aging is not the fate of every living thing.\"以及第三段最后一句\"But what are the specific genes that preserve vitality and starve off diseases？（但是，哪些特定的基因能够保持活力，同时又不生病呢？）\"可知，能控制生物生长和衰老的东西是基因。故选D项。

（6）C．考查连词及语境理解。A.but但是；B.or或者；C.and和；D.nor也不。句意：这些生物似乎在告诉我们，在它们的基因中﹣﹣﹣可能在我们的基因中——有一些东西控制着衰老的速度，而衰老并不是所有生物的命运。根据本句内容\"What these creatures seem to be telling us is that something in their （5） —and possibly in ours——controls the pace of aging， （6） that aging is not the fate of every living thing.\"可知，此处表示递进，进一步说明控制衰老速度在生物和我们人类都有存在，衰老不是所有生物的命运。故选C项。

（7）C．考查副词及语境理解。A.rarely很少地；B.occasionally偶尔；C.normally正常地；D.mainly主要地。句意：大约70年前，科学家们发现，当动物被迫以比正常情况下少30%到40%的卡路里为生时，不寻常的事情发生了。根据本句内容\"About 70 years ago，scientists discovered that when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories than they would ___（7）__eat，something unusual happens.\"可知，这里表示与正常情况下相比，动物们吃的减少30%到40%的卡路里时，不寻常的事情就会发生。故选C项。 （8）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A.resistant抵抗的；B.similar相似的；C.essential基本的；D.accessible易接近的。句意：他们对大多数与年龄有关的疾病——癌症、心脏病、糖尿病﹣﹣﹣有了抵抗力，寿命延长了30﹣ 50%。根据本句内容\"they become （8） to most age﹣related diseases ﹣﹣cancer，heart disease，diabetes —and live 30﹣50 percent longer. \"可知，寿命延长了30﹣50%，说明他们能够抵抗许多的疾病。故选A项。 （9）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.quickens加快；B.slows变慢；C.avoids避免；D.overcomes克服。句意：限制卡路里可以延缓衰老。根据空前两句内容\"About 70 years ago，scientists discovered that when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories than they would ___（7）___eat，something unusual happens.They become （8） to most age﹣related diseases ﹣﹣cancer，heart disease，diabetes —and live 30﹣50 percent longer.\"可知，卡路里的减少能够延长寿命，减缓衰老。故选B项。

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（10）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.available可获得的，有空的；B.extra额外的；C.specific特殊的；D.original原始的。句意：但是，哪些特定的基因能够保持活力，同时又不生病呢？根据本句内容\"But what are the （10） genes that preserve vitality and starve off diseases？\"可知，这里表示的是能够保持活力且不会生病的特定基因。故选C项。 （11）A．考查动词和形容词及语境理解。A.investigate调查；B.illustrate 表明，解释；C.record记录；D.prove证明。句意：大约15年前，凭借强大的新分子研究技术，一些科学家开始研究这些基因现象。根据空后内容\"They have discovered that a gene called Sir2.（他们发现了一种名为sir2的基因。）\"可知，15年前，科学家们对这些基因现象开始研究。故选A项。

（12）C．考查形容词短语及语境理解。A.famous著名的；B.generous慷慨的，大方的；C.responsible有责任的；D.convenient便利的。句意：他们发现了一种名为sir2的基因，这种基因存在于包括人类在内的所有动物体内，它可能通过修复我们的DNA，对限制卡路里的健康益处负责。根据本句内容\"They have discovered that a gene called Sir2—which is present in all animals，including humans —is （12） for the health benefits of calorie restriction perhaps by repairing our DNA. \"可知，这里是固定搭配be responsible for，意为\"对......负责\"。这里指的是sir2基因对限制卡路里的健康益处负责。故选C项。 （13）D．考查介词及语境理解。A.on在......之上；B.to对于，向......；；C.in在......里面D.by通过，由。句意：但是，如果我们必须把卡路里摄入量限制在30%到40%，这有什么实际用途吗？根据第三段第二句内容\"About 70 years ago，scientists discovered that when animals are forced to live on 30 to 40 percent fewer calories than they would __（7）__eat.\"可知，本句表示减少卡路里摄入量限制在30%到40%，由restrict可知，这里用by表示减少了，而减少到则用to。故选D项。

（14）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.disappointed失望的；B.depressed沮丧的；C.starved饥饿的；D.scared害怕的。句意：我们中很少有人能够严格地限制自己的饮食，以至于我们经常挨饿。根据本句内容\"Few of us would be capable of restricting our diets so severely that we were constantly （14） .\"可知，这里表示我们中很少有人能够严格地限制自己的饮食，以至于我们经常挨饿。故选C项。

（15）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.look看；B.feel感觉；C.live居住；D.become成为。句意：不管它是否让生命更长，它肯定会让生命感觉更长。根据最后一段最后两句内容\"Few of us would be capable of restricting our diets so severely that we were constantly

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（14） .Whether or not it made life longer，it would surely make life （15） longer.\"可知，这里表示饥饿能够减少卡路里，不管它是否让生命更长，它肯定会让生命感觉更长。故选B项。

【点评】做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

IV. Reading Comprehension：Directions： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

4．（8分）Zelda Fitzgerald，as is revealed by numerous personal books and letters，wore many labels in her life.She was \"the original flapper girl\" and \"the spirit of the Jazz Age.\" Married to the celebrated writer F.Scott Fitzgerald （author of The Gireat Giatsby），she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life.In her later years she was \"Crazy Zelda\".

Accurate as all these descriptions may be，they do not tell the whole story.Bon in Montgomery，Alabama，she was noted for her beauty and high spirits in dancing.In July 1918，at a country club dance.Fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18﹣year﹣old Zelda who out﹣shined（使逊色）other beauties with her distinguished ballet.A light affection evolved into a lengthy long﹣distance pursuit of weekly letters，with Fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men.He courted her after his discharge from the Army in February 1919，but Zelda had doubts.Her fiance wasn't rich and there was no guarantee he'd ever be famous.His short stories didn't sell.His apartment was a dump.Zelda gave back the ring.Hoping to fix the \"no money\" part of his problem.Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite novels for success and money so that he could win back his girl.Finally，he made it!On March 20，1920，his novel This Side of Paradise got published and Zelda agreed to marry him.

However，their marriage was troubled by wild drinking，fighting，infidelity（不忠实）and bitter recriminations.Emest Hemingway，whom Zelda disliked，blamed her for Scot's declining iterary output，though she has also been portrayed as the victim of an overbearing

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husbano Actually.Zelda was also creative，pursuing both dancing and writing.Some scholars have portrayed Zelda as a creative talent ignored by the patriarchal（男权的）society of the day.Her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation﹣Scott used their relationship as material in his novels，even borrowing episodes from Zelda's diary and applying them into his fictional writings.She detested（讨厌）her husband's practice：\"Mr.Fitzgerald﹣I believe that is how he spells his name﹣seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.\" To seek an artistic identity of her own value，as she put it \"I wish I could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist.\"

Nevertheless her unique personality was starting to seem more unbalanced than charming.The couple﹣like the rest of the nation﹣was living on borrowed time.In October 1929 the stock market crashed，triggering the Great Depression.Six months later.Zelda suffered her first nervous breakdown.After being diagnosed with schizophrenia（精神分裂），she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics，and since then has departed with her husband.Zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in Asheville.North Carolina，putting an end to her flamboyant（绚丽夺目的）life.A young woman，especially one in the 1920s，who was against traditional dress and behavior.

（1）Where will you most probably find this article？ A.In a newspaper. B.In a literary magazine. C.In a prepared speech. D.In a research report.

（2）Which phrase can best summarize the relationship between F.Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda？ C A.Ideal partnership.

B.Unbalanced love relationship. C.Love﹣hate relationship. D.Mutually﹣jealous relationship.

（3）The underlined word \"plagiarism\" in paragraph three is closet in meaning to \" A \". A.copying

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B.adaption C.reference D.imagination

（4）Which of the following is true according to the article？ D

A.Fitzgerald successfully won Zelda's heart by reading her his novels and writing her weekly letters.

B.Hemingway disliked Zelda because of her female identity and talent that outshined her husband.

C.Zelda was glad to be her husband's muse and provided him with literary materials. D.The \"Crazy Zelda\" died without Fitzgerald's companion after severe schizophrenia. 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了文学传奇人物泽尔达•菲茨杰拉德的一生。 【解答】（1）B.推理判断题。根据第一段\"Zelda Fitzgerald，as is revealed by numerous personal books and letters，wore many labels in her life.She was \"the original flapper girl\" and \"the spirit of the Jazz Age.\" Married to the celebrated writer F.Scott Fitzgerald （author of The Gireat Giatsby），she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life.In her later years she was \"Crazy Zelda\".\"（从众多的私人书籍和信件中可以看出，泽尔达•菲茨杰拉德在她的生活中有许多标签。她是\"最初的摩登女郎\"和\"爵士时代的精神\"。她嫁给了著名作家f•斯科特•菲茨杰拉德（《伟大的Giatsby》的作者），成了他的缪斯女神，也成了毁了他生活的女人。在她的晚年，她是\"疯狂泽尔达\"。）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要介绍了文学传奇人物泽尔达•菲茨杰拉德。由此推断，你最可能在一本文学杂志上找到这篇文章。故选B.

（2）C.推理判断题。根据第二段\"Fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18﹣year﹣old Zelda who out﹣shined（使逊色）other beauties with her distinguished ballet.A light affection evolved into a lengthy long﹣distance pursuit of weekly letters，with Fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men.He courted her after his discharge from the Army in February 1919，but Zelda had doubts.\"（18岁的泽尔达美丽迷人，她出色的芭蕾舞使其他美女相形见绌，菲茨杰拉德立刻被她迷住了。一段淡淡的感情演变成了每周一封长长的长途信件，菲茨杰拉德知道她还在和其他男人约会。他在1919年2月退伍后向她求爱，但泽尔达心存疑虑）可知菲茨杰拉德和泽尔达之间有着爱情；根据第三段\"However，their marriage was troubled by wild drinking，fighting，infidelity（不忠

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实）and bitter recriminations.\"（然而，他们的婚姻被酗酒、斗殴、不忠和激烈的相互指责所困扰）可知菲茨杰拉德和泽尔达之间有着憎恶，由此推知，菲茨杰拉德和泽尔达之间是爱恨交加的关系。故选C.

（3）A.词句猜测题。根据第三段\"Her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation﹣Scott used their relationship as material in his novels，even borrowing episodes from Zelda's diary and applying them into his fictional writings.\"（她的灵感甚至来自于她的丈夫在文学创作中——斯科特在他的小说中使用了他们的关系作为素材，甚至从泽尔达的日记中借用了一些情节，并将它们应用到他的小说中）可知划线词所在句子\"She detested（讨厌）her husband's practice： \"Mr.Fitzgerald﹣I believe that is how he spells his name﹣seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.\"\"意思是：\"她讨厌她丈夫的做法：\"Mr.Fitzgerald——我相信他的名字就是这么拼写的﹣﹣似乎认为剽窃始于家庭。\"由此可知，plagiarism意思是\"剽窃\"。A.copying复制，仿造；B.adaption改编；C.reference参考；D.imagination想象。故选A.

（4）D.细节理解题。根据最后一段\"After being diagnosed with schizophrenia（精神分裂），she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics，and since then has departed with her husband.Zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in Asheville.\"（在被诊断出患有精神分裂症后，她越来越被限制在专科诊所，从那时起，她就和丈夫分开了。泽尔达后来死于她在阿什维尔医院的一场火灾。）可知\"疯狂的泽尔达\"得了严重的精神分裂症，在没有菲茨杰拉德的陪伴下，死去了。故选D. 【点评】1．直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。 2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。 3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

5．（8分）What exactly is a lie？Is it anything we say which we know is untrue？Or is it something more than that？For example，suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from

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you.You say \"I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself.\" In fact，you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his debts and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this.Is this really a lie？

Professor Jerald Jellison of the University of Southern California has made a scientific study of lying.According to him，women are better liars than men，particular when telling a \"white lie\"，such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful.However，this is only one side of the story.Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies，such as making a promise which they no intention of fulfilling.This is the kind of lie politicians and businessmen are supposed to be particularly skilled at：the lie from which the liar hopes to profit or gain in some way. Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small apparently unimportant ways when they lie.It has been found that if they are sitting down at the time，they tend to move about in their chairs more than usual.To the trained observer they are saying \"I wish I were somewhere else now.\" They also tend to touch certain parts of the face more often，in particular the nose.One explanation of this may be that lying causes a slight increase in blood pressure.The up of the nose is very sensitive to such changes and the increased pressure make sit itch.

Another gesture which give liars away is that the writer Desmond Morris in his book Man﹣watching calls \"the mouth cover\".He says there are several typical forms of this，such as covering part of the mouth with the fingers，touching the upper﹣lip or putting a finger of the hand at one side of the mouth.Such as gesture can be understood as an unconscious attempt on the part of the lair to stop himself or herself from lying.

Of course，such gestures as rubbing the nose or covering the mouth，or moving about in a chair cannot be taken as proof that the speaker is lying.They simply tend to occur more frequently in this situation.It is not one gesture alone that gives the lair away but whole number of things and in particular the context in which the lie is told.

（1）According to the passage，a \"white lie\" seems to be a lie C . A.that other people believe B.that other people don't believe

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C.told in order to avoid offending someone D.told in order to take advantage of someone

（2）According to Professor Jellison，women . A.generally lie far more than men do

B.are better at telling less serious lies than men are C.lie at parties more often than men do D.often make promise they don't intend to keep

（3）Researchers find when a person tells a lie， D . A.he looks very serious

B.his blood pressure increase considerably C.he uses his unconscious mind

D.there tends to be some small changes in his behavior

（4）Which of the following may best betray（出卖）a liar？ C A.The touching of the tip of one's nose. B.The changes of one's behavior. C.The circumstances where the lie is told. D. \"The mouth cover\" gesture.

【分析】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了社交环境中的谎言。并细致分析了男性与女性说谎的区别，判断他们在撒谎的一些细节举动变化。

【解答】（1）C.推理判断题。根据第二段\"particular when telling a \"white lie\"，such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks awful. （尤其在讲善意的谎言时，比如当一位女士在派对上告诉另外一位女士，她喜欢她的裙子。但事实上，她认为这件裙子看起来很难看）\"可知，a white lie可能是不愿意冒犯到别人，并希望使他人感到心情愉悦说的谎话。故选C项。

（2）B.细节理解题。根据第二段\"According to him，women are better liars than men.particular when telling a \"white lie\"， （据他说，女性比男性更擅长说谎，尤其在说善意的谎言时）\"和\"Other researchers say that men are more likely to tell more serious lies， （其他研究者指出，男性则更有可能讲出更多真正的谎言）\"可知，与男性相比，女性更擅长讲更多善意的而非真正意义上的谎言。故选B项。

（3）D.细节理解题。根据第三段\"Research has also been done into the way people's behavior

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changes in a number of small apparently unimportant ways when they lie. （研究也对人们在说谎时，发生的很多显而易见的不起眼的行为方式的变化进行分析）\"可知，研究者发现，人们在说谎时，行为方式会有一些微妙的变化。故选D项。

（4）C.推理判断题。根据最后一段\"It is not one gesture alone that gives the lair away but whole number of things and in particular the context in which the lie is told. （让谎言泄露的举动绝不止一个，而是多种举动的整个组合，尤其是说出谎言的背景）\"可知，最有可能揭露谎言的方法就是，合理分析解读讲谎话的背景。故选C项。 【点评】1．直接信息题：

直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。 2．间接信息题：

间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。 3．综合信息题：

综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

Directions： Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. 6．（8分）

A.But despite its popularity，experts warn that bio﹣metrics might not be as secure as we'd imagined

B.Security experts don't think it absolutely necessary to use biometric technology. C.But using different security measures is the best defense. D.Now this type of technology might not be far away.

E.If a person's biometric information is stolen，that could have extremely serious results for him.

F.The chance that a random person could look at your iPhone X and unlock it with his face is about one in a million.

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Imagine you're standing in line to buy an after﹣school snack at a store.You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food.Next，you have to pay.But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone，you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint.Or，a camera scans your face，your eyes or even your ear.

（1） D As technology companies move away from traditional password，biometric（生物识别）security，which includes fingerprint，face and voice ID，is becoming increasingly popular.

In 2013，Apple introduced the iPhone 5s，one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner.Since then，using one's fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace，bringing convenience to our lives.And since lasts year，San﹣sun has featured eye﹣scanning technology in its top smartphone，while Apple's new iPhone X can even scan a user's face.

（2） A \"Bio﹣metrics，ideally are good.\" John Michener，a biometric expert，told tech website Inverse. \"In practice，not so much.\"

When introducing the new iPhone's Face ID feature at Apple's Keynote Event in September.Phil Schiller，Apple's senior vice president，said. \"（3） F \".

But it's already been done.In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3，two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face.Quartz reported.And they aren't even twins.

\"We may expect too much from bio﹣metrics.\" Anil Jain，a computer science professor at Michigan State University，told CBS news. \"No security systems are perfect.\"

Earlier this year，Jain found a way to trick biometric security.Using a printed copy of a thumbprint，she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.

\"It's good to see bio﹣metrics being used more，\" Jain told CBS News，\"because it adds another factor for security. （4） C .\"

【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今生物识别安全技术正变得越来越受欢迎，但是其中也存在一些问题，一些专家表示生物识别安全技术并不完美。

【解答】（1）D.推理判断题。根据上一段\"Imagine you're standing in line to buy an after﹣school snack at a store.You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food.Next，you have to pay.But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone，you just hold out your

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hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint.Or，a camera scans your face，your eyes or even your ear.（想象一下，你正在一家商店排队买放学后吃的零食。你走到柜台，收银员扫描你的食物。接着你付钱。但你不用用智能手机扫描二维码，只需伸出手，收银员就可以扫描你的指纹。或者相机扫描你的脸，你的眼睛甚至你的耳朵）\"以及后文\"As technology companies move away from traditional password，biometric security，which includes fingerprint，face and voice ID，is becoming increasingly popular.（随着科技公司逐渐远离传统的密码，包括指纹、面部识别和语音识别在内的生物识别安全技术正变得越来越受欢迎）\"可知，上文说明的是想象的内容，后文则提到科技公司让生物识别安全技术正变得越来越受欢迎，可见上文提到的生物识别安全技术正在成为现实，离我们不远了，故D选项\"现在，这种技术可能离我们不远了\"符合语境，故选D。

（2）A.推理判断题。根据上一段\"In 2013，Apple introduced the iPhone 5s，one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner.Since then，using one's fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace，bringing convenience to our lives.And since lasts year，San﹣sun has featured eye﹣scanning technology in its top smartphone，while Apple's new iPhone X can even scan a user's face.（2013年，苹果公司推出了iPhone 5s，这是首批配备指纹扫描仪的智能手机之一。从那以后，用指纹解锁手机和移动支付已经变得很普遍，给我们的生活带来了便利。自去年以来，三星在其高端智能手机中引入了眼球扫描技术，而苹果的新iPhone X甚至可以扫描用户的脸）\"以及后文\"\"Bio﹣metrics，ideally are good.\" John Michener，a biometric expert，told tech website Inverse. \"In practice，not so much.\"（\"生物技术，理论上是好的。\"生物识别专家约翰•米切纳告诉科技网站Inverse。\"实际上，并没有那么好。\"）\"可知，上文提到了生物技术在手机中的应用，后文则提到生物技术实际上并没有那么好，可知本句与上文构成转折，说明生物技术存在的问题。故A选项\"但是，尽管它很受欢迎，专家警告说，生物技术可能不像我们想象的那么安全\"符合语境，故选A。

（3）F.细节理解题。根据上文\"When introducing the new iPhone's Face ID feature at Apple's Keynote Event in September.Phil Schiller，Apple's senior vice president，said.（今年9月，苹果在Keynote Event上发布了新款iPhone的Face ID功能。苹果高级副总裁Phil Schiller说）\"可知，本句应当是引用苹果高级副总裁Phil Schiller关于新款iPhone所说的话，故F选项\"随便一个人看你的iPhone X，然后用他的脸解锁的几率大约是百万分之一\"符合语境，故选F。

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（4）C.推理判断题。根据上一段\"Earlier this year，Jain found a way to trick biometric security.Using a printed copy of a thumbprint，she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.（今年早些时候，Jain发现了一种欺骗生物识别安全的方法。她通过打印的指纹为警方解锁了一名死者的智能手机）\"以及上文\"\"It's good to see bio﹣metrics being used more，\" Jain told CBS News， \"because it adds another factor for security.（\"很高兴看到生物技术得到更多的应用，\"Jain告诉CBS新闻，\"因为它增加了另一个安全因素）\"可知，上文提到Jain发现了一种欺骗生物识别安全的方法，所以本句应与上文构成转折，指出她对于安全措施的看法，故C选项\"但是使用不同的安全措施是最好的防御\"符合语境，故选C。 【点评】技巧

①通读全文，了解文章大意；

②细读六个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系； ③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；

④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。 V. Phrases：Directions： Fill in each blank with one phrase from the table in its proper form. Note that there are two phrases more than needed. 7．（10分）

for the sake of plunge into come up with in rains establish the position of burst out have every reason in silence act on contribute to nothing more than for sure

（1）We each Chinese have every reason to pride ourselves on the achievements we have made over the past 20 years.

（2）Objects at rest tend to remain at rest unless acted on by an outside force. （3）Engineers in different countries，working independently of each other， have come up with very similar results on it in the last decades.

（4）We heard that the city was in ruins and that it was filled with thousands of starving，homeless people.

（5）The significance of this project lies in the fact that it has contributed to a better interaction between teachers and students in recent years.

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（6）In the Netherlands，thousands of enthusiasts braved the chill winds to plunge into the North Sea to celebrate New Year's Day.

（7）The sudden sound of footsteps in silence made Mr.Spencer's blood run cold. （8）In time of the global financial crisis，the only way out is to establish the position of Chinese clothing brand in the international clothing industry.

（9）The luxury car represents the owner's social status in China while it is nothing more than a vehicle in its country of origin.

（10）I thought everything was fine until Charles burst out crying in the middle of dinner.

【分析】（1）我们每个中国人都有充分的理由为过去20年取得的成就感到自豪。 （2）静止物体除非受到外力作用，否则保持静止。

（3）在过去的几十年里，来自不同国家的工程师在相互独立的工作中，在这方面得出了非常相似的结果。

（4）我们听说，这座城市是一片废墟，它充满了成千上万的饥饿，无家可归的人。 （5）这个项目的意义在于，它有助于近年来师生之间更好的互动。 （6）在荷兰，成千上万的爱好者冒着寒风潜入北海庆祝新年。 （7）寂静中突然传来的脚步声使斯宾塞先生浑身冰冷。

（8）在全球金融危机的背景下，只有确立中国服装品牌在国际服装业中的地位，才能走出困境。

（9）豪华车代表着车主在中国的社会地位，而它在原产国只是一辆普通的车。 （10）我认为一切都很好，直到查尔斯在晚餐中突然哭出来。

【解答】（1）have every reason.考查短语辨析。句意：我们每个中国人都有充分的理由为过去20年取得的成就感到自豪。根据句意可知表示\"有充分的理由\"，用固定短语have every reason，说明事实用一般现在时态，故填have every reason.

（2）acted on.考查短语辨析。句意：静止物体除非受到外力作用，否则保持静止。根据句意可知表示\"对......起作用\"，用固定短语act on，和主语Objects构成被动关系，省略主语和be动词，用过去分词，故填acted on.

（3）have come up with.考查短语辨析。句意：在过去的几十年里，来自不同国家的工程师在相互独立的工作中，在这方面得出了非常相似的结果。根据句意可知表示\"得出，提出\"，用固定短语come up with，根据时间状语in the last decades，可知谓语动词用现在完

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成时态，故填have come up with.

（4）in ruins.考查短语辨析。句意：我们听说，这座城市是一片废墟，它充满了成千上万的饥饿，无家可归的人。根据句意可知表示\"废墟\"，用固定短语in ruins，故填in ruins. （5）has contributed to.考查短语辨析。句意：这个项目的意义在于，它有助于近年来师生之间更好的互动。根据句意可知表示\"有助于\"，用固定短语contribute to，根据时间状语in recent years，可知谓语动词用现在完成时态，故填has contributed to.

（6）plunge into.考查短语辨析。句意：在荷兰，成千上万的爱好者冒着寒风潜入北海庆祝新年。根据句意可知表示\"潜入\"，用固定短语plunge into，作目的状语，to后用动词原形，故填plunge into.

（7）in silence.考查短语辨析。句意：寂静中突然传来的脚步声使斯宾塞先生浑身冰冷。根据句意可知表示\"寂静中\"，用固定短语in silence，故填in silence.

（8）to establish the position of.考查短语辨析。句意：在全球金融危机的背景下，只有确立中国服装品牌在国际服装业中的地位，才能走出困境。根据句意可知表示\"确立......的地位\"，用固定短语establish the position of，根据主语the only way，可知用动词不定式作表语，故填to establish the position of.

（9）nothing more than.考查短语辨析。句意：豪华车代表着车主在中国的社会地位，而它在原产国只是一辆普通的车。根据句意可知表示\"只是\"，用固定短语nothing more than，故填nothing more than.

（10）burst out.考查短语辨析。句意：我认为一切都很好，直到查尔斯在晚餐中突然哭出来。根据句意可知表示\"突然哭出来\"，用固定短语burst out crying，和前句时态一致，谓语动词用过去式，故填burst out.

【点评】选择合适的单词或者短语主要的依据是句子的含义，我们往往会根据空格前后的句子，短语和单词来选出合适的短语；同时还要注意使用短语的正确形式，特别是动词短语，首先要判断是做谓语还是非谓语，如果是谓语动词要注意时态和语态，如果是非谓语动词，要注意判断所做的句子成分，从而选用正确的非谓语动词的形式。 VI. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.

8．（3分）那个被指控抢劫的罪犯后来证明是清白的。（accuse） The criminal （who was） accused of robbery proved （to be） innocent. 【分析】那个被指控抢劫的罪犯后来证明是清白的。

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【解答】答案：The criminal （who was） accused of robbery proved （to be） innocent.1.因事情已发生，要用一般过去时；2.criminal与accuse之间是动宾关系，用过去分词或定语从句作后置定语；3.prove是连系动词，后接形容词或to be +adj.作表语；4.accuse sb.of sth.指控某人某事。故填：The criminal （who was） accused of robbery proved （to be） innocent.

【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

9．（3分）他的小说在世界范围赢得了大量的读者，其中大部分是年轻人。（account，whom） His novels have won a worldwide audience，the majority of whom young people account for. 【分析】他的小说在世界范围赢得了大量的读者，其中大部分是年轻人。

【解答】答案：His novels have won a worldwide audience，the majority of whom young people account for.1.主句强调对现在造成的结果或影响，用现在完成时，从句表示一般事实，要用一般现在时；2.the majority of whom young people account for是定语从句，whom的先行词是audience；3.account for （在数量方面）占。故填：His novels have won a worldwide audience，the majority of whom young people account for.

【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

10．（4分）一部名著能让读者发现生命的部分意义从而能经得住时间的考验。（enable） A great book enables the reader to discover part of the meaning of life and stand the test of time. 【分析】一部名著能让读者发现生命的部分意义从而能经得住时间的考验。

【解答】一部著作a great book，让某人做某事enable sb to do，发现生命的部分意义discover part of the meaning of life，经得住时间的考验stand the test of time。故填A great book enables the reader to discover part of the meaning of life and stand the test of time.

【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

11．（5分）我们从参观博物馆中受益匪浅，让我们更好地理解了如何保护野生动植物。（So...，benifit） We benefit a lot from visiting museums，so it gives us a better understanding of how to protect wildlife.

【分析】我们从参观博物馆中受益匪浅，让我们更好地理解了如何保护野生动植物。 【解答】从...中受益匪浅benefit a lot from，让我们更好地理解give us a better understanding

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of，如何保护野生动植物how to protect wildlife。故填We benefit a lot from visiting museums，so it gives us a better understanding of how to protect wildlife.

【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。

第33页（共33页）