考博英语(阅读理解)模拟试卷134(题后含答案及解析)

考博英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷134 (题后含答案及解析)

题型有： 3. Reading Comprehension

Reading Comprehension

For anyone who has experienced an earthquake, the experience can be frightening and traumatic. In addition to the movement of the ground, people need to be concerned with collapsing buildings and falling debris, such as flying glass. The majority of the injuries and deaths that occur from the earthquakes are due to falling objects and structures. The effect of an earthquake can also cause dangerous landslides, fires, gas leak and explosions and floodwaters from collapsing dams. The goal of seismologists is to understand why the earthquake and other seismic activities on the Earth. This information, when shared with people in earthquake-prone areas, can help decrease the number of deaths and injuries that may occur. One of the most destructive effects of an earthquake is the tsunami. Tsunamis, giant ocean waves, form after an earthquake has occurred on the ocean floor. If the tsunami crashes into land, it may cause destruction. The difficulty with protecting people from tsunamis is that they may come without warning and at an extremely high speed. Once undersea earthquakes occur, the ocean floor rises and sinks. This is when tsunamis may begin to form. Along with this shifting of the ocean floor, there is also a large mass of seawater that may drop or rise. To adjust the sudden change in sea level, the mass of water moves upward and downward. As it is moving, a series of long, low waves begin to move from the point of the epicenter outward. These waves will increase in height as they come closer to the shore. Underwater landslides caused by earthquakes may also form tsunamis. On land, the focus of an earthquake’s destruction is usually buildings and property. Most of the buildings today are built using strict building codes. These codes require that the buildings can withstand the swaying motion of the ground during an earthquake. However, there’re buildings with weak walls that can collapse completely during a quake. Extremely tall buildings, like skyscrapers, may sway so violently that they may tip over and cause damage to lower structures nearby. One factor that affects the intensity of an earthquake is the local geology. The type of land that beneath the buildings can determine the way the buildings respond to an earthquake. Buildings on the solid ground are more likely to withstand an earthquake than buildings that are constructed on the loose soil and rock. Likely soil and rock vibrate as if they were jelly. When buildings are constructed on this type of land, they tend to have an exaggerated motion and to sway violently.

1． This article is concerned with ______. A．earthquakes only B．tsunamis only

C．both earthquakes and tsunamis

D．various natural disasters

正确答案：C 解析：本题考查文章的主旨大意。通过阅读全文，可知文章主要讲的是地震，以及由地震引发的其他灾害。并在其中着重对海啸进行了具体阐述，其生成原因，破坏力等。因此，本题选C。

2． The word “seismologists” (Line 6, Paragraph 1) refers to ______. A．experts who are interested in buildings

B．people who act as rescuers when earthquakes occur C．people who have the ability to predict tsunamis

D．experts who study earthquakes and related phenomena

正确答案：D

解析：本题考查事实细节。通过对文章第1段倒数第2句的理解“地震学家的目标是要了解为什么地震和地球上其他地震活动”可知D选项符合题意，因此，本题选D。

3． The term “earthquake-prone area” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) probably means ______.

A．a place where earthquakes are more likely to happen B．a region that tsunamis are more likely to occur

C．an area that is more suitable for the construction of skyscrapers D．a zone in which earthquakes are very likely to happen

正确答案：A

解析：本题定位在第l段最后一句“此信息，当与地震多发地区的人们共享后，可以帮助减少可能发生的死亡和受伤的人数”。因此，本题选A。

4． According to the author, tsunamis are caused by ______. A．extreme climatic change due to global warming B．destruction of the balance of the ecology C．earthquakes

D．rising sea level of the ocean as well as carbon dioxide emission

正确答案：C

解析：本题为事实细节题。定位句在第2段第2句“海啸是巨大的海浪，会在地震发生后的海底形成”，结合题目中提到的问题，可知是地震引发海底震动进而造成的海啸，C选项符合题意。

5． From the last paragraph of the article, we can infer that the intensity of an earthquake is closely related to ______.

A．structures of the building B．solidity of the building

C．the height of the building D．the local geology

正确答案：D 解析：根据最后一段第6行“影响地震的强度的一个因素是当地的地质情况”可知，D选项“当地的地质”和地震的产生有很大关系。符合题意。

The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “so much important attached to intellectual pursuits”. According to many books and articles, New England’s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life. To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church—important subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity. The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston. There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well educated. While few crafts men or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitions quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope—all came together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.” One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons explaining the Bible that he heard in puritan churched. Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New World for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.”

6． The author notes that in the seventeenth-century New England ______. A．Puritan tradition dominated political life B．intellectual interests were encouraged

C．politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors D．intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment

正确答案：B 解析：本题的依据句是文章第1段第2句：According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was “So much important attached to intellectual pursuits”。从中可知，B项为正确答案。

7． It is suggested in Para 2 that New Englanders ______. A．experienced a comparatively peaceful early history B．brought with them the culture of the Old World C．paid little attention to southern intellectual life D．were obsessed with religious innovations

正确答案：B

解析：本题可参照文章第2段。第2段中提到：我们可以将这些最初的清教徒移民视为欧洲文化的使者，他们在适应新大陆的环境。相对于北美新大陆而言，欧洲是旧大陆。考查文中事实细节。因此B项为正确答案。

8． The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay ______. A．were famous in the New World for their writings B．gained increasing importance in religious affairs

C．abandoned high positions before coming to the New World D．created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England

正确答案：D

解析：本题的依据句是第3段最后1句：There men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences，and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness。从中可知，D项为正确答案。

9． The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were often ______.

A．influenced by superstitions B．troubled with religious beliefs C．puzzled by church sermons D．frustrated with family earnings

正确答案：A

解析：本题可参照文章第4段。第4段前面部分的内容指出，未受到良好教育的新英格兰人的思想往往带有传统的宗教迷信色彩。接着，后半部分举出约翰·丹奈的例子。约翰·丹奈因为受到宗教感召而移民新大陆。因此A项为正确答案。

10． The text suggests that early settlers in New England ______.

A．were mostly engaged in political activities B．were motivated by an illusory prospect C．came from different backgrounds.

D．left few formal records for later reference

正确答案：C

解析：本题可参照文章第3、4、5段。第3段介绍早期移民受过良好教育并具有相当的影响力；第4段表明大多数新英格兰移民并未受过良好的教育，他们的思想常常带有传统的宗教迷信；第5段指出，还有很多移民没有虔诚的宗教信仰。因此C项为正确答案。

Money spent on advertising is money spent as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices. By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment. It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or tube would cost 20 percent more. And perhaps most important of all, advertising provides a guarantee of reasonable value in the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements. He might fool some people for a little while through misleading advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once. If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. Advertising does more for the material benefit of the community than any other force I can think of. There is one more point I feel I ought to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions. Of course advertising seeks to persuade. If its message were confined merely to information—and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive—advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known television personality wants.

11． By the first sentence of the passage the author means that ______. A．he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising

B．everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming C．advertising costs money like everything else D．it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising

正确答案：D 解析：作者在第1句指出：“把钱花在做广告上是我知道的最好的花钱方式”。故正确答案为D项。

12． In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the advantages of advertising?

A．Securing greater fame. B．Providing more jobs.

C．Enhancing living standards. D．Reducing newspaper cost.

正确答案：A

解析：从文章第1、2段可以得出正确答案。B项与文章第l段第4句“通过促进需求的增加，它确保对劳动力的需求，因此是抵制失业的有效方法”一致。C项与第1段第3句内容一致。D项与第1段最后一句内容一致。A项在文中未涉及，因此A项正确。

13． The author deems that the well-known TV personality is ______. A．very precise in passing his judgement on advertising B．interested in nothing but the buyers’ attention

C．correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information D．obviously partial in his views on advertising

正确答案：D

解析：见文章最后两段。电视名人的观点在第4段第2句，他反对广告，认为，广告是在说服人而不是在提供信息。第3、4句中，作者提出了自己的观点：“他在过分地区分这些差异。当然，广告的目的就是力求去说服人”。这表明作者不同意电视名人的观点。由此可知，D项为正确答案。

14． In the author’s opinion, ______.

A．advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing information

B．advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them over C．there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer

D．the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advertisement

正确答案：C 解析：从第4段最后一句和最后一段第1句可以得出答案。C项为正确答案。A项与第3段作者的观点相反。B项与作者观点明显不符。D项文章未曾提及。

There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion,

the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language—all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts. By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have, their caution or courage, as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept. In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious? If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we’re slow to adapt to change or that we’ re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all. These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts, if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making.

15． A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth when ______. A．he has given up his smoking habit B．he has made great efforts in his work C．he is keen on learning anything new

D．he has tried to determine where he is on his journey

正确答案：A 解析：从第1段第2句“人们通常把个人成长看作很容易识别和衡量的外在结果”可知，A项为正确答案。A项表达的内容原文并未提到，但我们知道，戒烟是非常不易的，它需要坚定的决心与毅力。正像是一个学生要取得好成绩必须做出努力，最后才能取得成功。

16． In the author’s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process would ______.

A．succeed in climbing up the social ladder

B．judge his ability to glow from his own achievements C．face difficulties and take up challenges D．aim high and reach his goal each time

正确答案：C

解析：从第2段可以得出答案，C项为正确答案。A项、B项、D项均属于结果。

17． When the author says “a new way of being” (Line 3, Para. 3) he is referring to ______.

A．a new approach to experiencing the world B．anew way of taking risks

C．a new method of perceiving ourselves D．a new system of adaptation to change

正确答案：A

解析：本题中的new way指第2段最后一句there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept，因此答案为A项。

18． For personal growth, the author advocates all of the following except ______.

A．curiosity about more chances B．promptness in self-adaptation

C．open-mindedness to new experiences D．avoidance of internal fears and doubts

正确答案：D

解析：从最后两段可以得出正确答案。A项、B项、C项均可以从文章中找到，只有D项没有提及。