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医学英语词汇

2021-07-09 来源:步旅网
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索引

1、医院部门及科室名称

2、医务人员名称

3、诊断和治疗常用词汇

4、常见疾病名称

5、常见手术名称

6、常用药物名称

7、常用护理术语

8、常用临床医学术语

9、医疗器材

10、医学英语快速记忆-后缀

11、主要人体系统名称

12、医院类型名称

13、医学词汇

14、医学常用字首与字根

1.医院部门及科室名称

out-patient department门诊部

In-patient department住院部

Nursing department护理部

Admission office住院处

Discharge office出院处

Registration office挂号处

Reception room, waiting room侯诊室

Consultation room诊察室

Isolation room隔离室

Delivery room分娩室

Emergency room急诊室

Ward病房室

Department of internal medicine内科

Department of surgery外科

Department of pediatrics儿科

Department of obstetrics and gynecology妇科

Department of neurology神经科

Department of ophtalmology眼科

E.N.T.department耳鼻喉科

Department of stomatology口腔科

Department of urology泌尿科

Department of orthopedic骨科

Department of traumatology创伤科

Department of endocrinology内分泌科

Department of anesthesiology麻醉科

Department of dermatology皮肤科

Department of infectious diseases传染病科

Department of pathology病理科

Department of psychiatry精神科

Department of orthopacdic surgery矫形外科

Department of cardiac surgery心脏外科

Department of cerebral surgery脑外科

Department of thoracic surgery胸外科

Pharmacy dispensary药房

Nutrition department营养部

Diet-preparation department配膳室

Therapeutic department治疗室

Operating room/Theater手术室

Blood-bank血站 Supply-room供应室

Disinfection-room消毒室

Dressing room换药室

Mortuary太平间

Record room病案室

Department of plastic surgery矫形外科

Department of physiotherapy理疗科

electrotherapy room电疗科

heliotherapy room光疗科

wax-therapy room蜡疗科

hydrotherapy room水疗科

central laboratory中心实验室

clinical laboratory临床实验室

bacteriological laboratory细菌实验室

biochemical laboratory生化实验室

serological laboratory血清实验室

X-ray room X光室

doctor’s office医生办公室

nurse’s office护士办公室

2.医务人员名称

director of the hospital院长

physician内科医师

chief physician主任医师

associate chief physician副主任医师

attending doctor主治医师

resident doctor住院医师

intern doctor实习医师

general practitioner全科医师

specialist专科医师

head of the nursing department护理部主任

Head nurse护士长

Student nurse实习护士

E.N.T.doctor耳鼻喉科医师

Ophthalmologist眼科医师

Dentist牙科医师

Orthopedist骨科医师

Dermatologist皮肤科医师

urologist surgeon泌尿外科医师

neurosurgeon神经外科医师

plastic surgeon矫形外科医师

anaesthetist麻醉科医师

Doctor for tuberculosis结核科医师

Physiotherapist理疗科

Doctor for infectious diseases传染病科

Dietician营养科医师

Pediatrician儿科医师

Obstetrician产科医师

Midwife助产师

Gynecologist妇科医师

Radiologist放射科医师

Epidemiologist流行病医师

Pharmacist药剂医师

Assistant pharmacist药剂医士

Laboratory technician化验员

Assistant nurse卫生员

Cleaner清洁员

Controller总务科长

Registrar挂号员

Sanitation worker消毒员

3.诊断和治疗常用词汇

inspection望诊

inquiry问诊

auscultation听诊

percussion扣诊

palpation触诊

biopsy活组织检查

pathological section病理切片

endoscopy内窥镜检查

ECG(electrocardiogram) examination心电图检查

EEG(electrocardiogram) examination脑电图检查

Intravenous pyelography静脉肾盂造影术

Skin-test皮肤试验

examination by centesis穿刺检查

routine analysis of blood血常规分析

urine analysis of blood尿常规分析

red blood cell count(RBC)红细胞计数

white blood cell count(WBC)白细胞计数

general check-up全身检查

routine examination常规检查

follow-up examination随访检查

consultation会诊

emergency急诊

diagnosis诊断

prognosis预后

convalescence, recovery康复

relapse复发

treatment治疗

prescribe开药方

fill a prescription配药

injecting打针

hypodermic injection皮下注射

intramuscular injection肌肉注射

intravenous injection静脉注射

inoculating预防注射

fluid infusion点滴注射

blood transfusion输血

dose剂量

tablet药片

capsule胶囊

liquid medicine药水

powder药粉

ointment药膏(软膏)

plaster硬膏,石膏

lotion洗剂

suppository栓剂

analgesics止痛药

antipyetics退烧药

antitussive止咳药

expectorant祛痰药

diuretics利尿药

hemostatic止血药

antidiarrheal止泄药

antipruritic止痒药

antidote解毒药

antirheumatic抗风湿药

anticarcinogen抗癌药

antibiotics抗菌素

anticoagulant抗凝剂

cardiac tonic强心药

vasodilator血管舒张药

vasoconstrictor血管收缩药

antiepileptic抗癫痫药

antispasmodic解痉药

sedative镇静药

anesthetics麻醉药

penicillin盘尼西林

streptomycin链霉素

gentamycin庆大霉素

aspirin阿斯匹林

morphine吗啡

dolantin杜冷丁

iodine碘酒

distilled water蒸馏水

normal saline solution生理食盐水

atropine阿托品

hormone激素

glucose葡萄糖

side effect, adverse effect副作用

operative treatment手术疗法

major operation大手术

minor operation小手术

anesthesia麻醉

general anesthesia全身麻醉

local anesthesia局部麻醉

excision, removal, resection切除术

tonsillectomy扁桃体切除术

thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术

pneumonectomy肺切除术

mastectomy乳房切除术

gastrectomy胃切除术

cholecystectomy胆囊切除术

hepalobectomy肝叶切除术

splenectomy脾切除术

nephrectomy肾切除术

salpingectomy输卵管切除术

hysterectomy子宫切除术

hysteromyomectomy子宫肌瘤切除术

proctectomy直肠切除术

appendectomy阑尾切除术

prostatectomy前列腺切除术

tracheotomy气管切开术

incision of abscess脓肿切开术

craniotomy颅骨切开

thoracotomy胸廓切开

laparotomy剖腹术

amputation截肢

fixation固定

hot compress热敷

cold compress冷敷

gastric lavage洗胃

enema灌肠

urethral catheterication导尿

hemostasis止血

dressing包扎

sew up the incision缝合切口

remove the stitches拆线

cardiac massage心脏按摩

artificial respiration人工呼吸

diet饮食

special diet特定饮食

low protein diet低蛋白饮食

low fat diet低脂肪饮食

low calorie diet低热量饮食

liquid diet流质饮食

semi-liquid diet半流质饮食

solid diet固体饮食

light diet易消化的饮食

vegetable diet素食

4.常见疾病名称

Internal Medicine内科

Acidosis酸中毒

Adams-Stokes syndrome亚-斯氏综合症

alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication酒精中毒

alkalosis碱中毒

anaphylaxis过敏症

anemia贫血

iron deficiency anemia缺铁性贫血

megaloblastic anemia巨幼红细胞性贫血

aplastic anemia再生障碍性贫血

angiitis脉管炎

angina pectoris心绞痛

arteriosclerosis动脉硬化

apoplexy中风

auricular fibrillation心房纤颤

auriculo-ventricular block房室传导阻滞

bronchial asthma支气管哮喘

bronchitis支气管炎

bronchiectasis支气管扩张

bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎

carcinoma癌

cardiac arrhythmia心律紊乱

cardiac failure心力衰竭

cardiomyopathy心肌病

cirrhosis肝硬化

coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease冠状动脉硬化性心脏病

Crohn disease克罗恩病

Cushing’s syndrome库欣综合症

diabetes糖尿病

diffuse intravascular coagulation弥散性血管凝血

dysentery痢疾

enteritis肠炎

gastric ulcer胃溃疡

gastritis胃炎

gout痛风

hepatitis肝炎

Hodgkin’s disease霍奇金病

hyperlipemia高脂血症,血脂过多

hyperparathyroidism甲状旁腺功能亢进

hypersplenism脾功能亢进

hypertension高血压

hyperthyroidism甲状腺功能亢进

hypoglycemia低血糖

hypothyroidism甲状腺功能减退

infective endocarditis感染性心内膜炎

influenza流感

leukemia白血病

lobar pneumonia大叶性肺炎

lymphadenitis淋巴结炎

lymphoma淋巴瘤

malaria疟疾

malnutrition营养不良

measles麻疹

myeloma骨髓瘤

myocardial infarction心肌梗死

myocarditis心肌炎

nephritis肾炎

nephritic syndrome肾综合症

obstructive pulmonary emphysema阻塞性肺气肿

pancreatitis胰腺炎

peptic ulcer消化性溃疡

peritonitis腹膜炎

pleuritis胸膜炎

pneumonia肺炎

pneumothorax气胸

purpura紫癜

allergic purpura过敏性紫癜

thrombocytolytic purpura血小板减少性紫癜

pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎

renal failure肾功能衰竭

rheumatic fever风湿病

rheumatoid arthritis类风湿性关节炎

scarlet fever猩红热

septicemia败血症

syphilis梅毒

tachycardia心动过速

tumour肿瘤

typhoid伤寒

ulcerative colitis溃疡性结肠炎

upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage上消化道血

Neurology神经科

brain abscess脑脓肿

cerebral embolism脑栓塞

cerebral infarction脑梗死

cerebral thrombosis脑血栓

cerebral hemorrhage脑出血

concussion of brain脑震荡

craniocerebral injury颅脑损伤

epilepsy癫痫

intracranial tumour颅内肿瘤

intracranial hematoma颅内血肿

meningitis脑膜炎

migraine偏头痛

neurasthenia神经衰弱

neurosis神经官能症

paranoid psychosis偏执性精神病

Parkinson’s disease帕金森综合症

psychosis精神病

schizophrenia精神分裂症

Surgery外科

abdominal external hernia腹外疝

acute diffuse peritonitis急性弥漫性腹膜炎

acute mastitis急性乳腺炎

acute pancreatitis急性胰腺炎

acute perforation of gastro-duodenal ulcer急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔

acute pyelonephritis急性肾盂肾炎

anal fissure肛裂

anal fistula肛瘘

anesthesia麻醉

angioma血管瘤

appendicitis阑尾炎

bleeding of gastro-duodenal ulcer胃十二指肠溃疡出血

bone tumour骨肿瘤

breast adenoma乳房腺瘤

burn烧伤

cancer of breast乳腺癌

carbuncle痈

carcinoma of colon结肠炎

carcinoma of esophagus食管癌

carcinoma of gallbladder胆囊癌

carcinoma of rectum直肠癌

carcinoma of stomach胃癌

cholecystitis胆囊炎

cervical spondylosis颈椎病

choledochitis胆管炎

cholelithiasis胆石症

chondroma软骨瘤

dislocation of joint关节脱位

erysipelas丹毒

fracture骨折

furuncle疖

hemorrhoid痔

hemothorax血胸

hypertrophy of prostate前列腺肥大

intestinal obstruction肠梗阻

intestinal tuberculosis肠结核

lipoma脂肪瘤

lithangiuria尿路结石

liver abscess肝脓肿

melanoma黑色素瘤

osseous tuberculosis骨结核

osteoclastoma骨巨细胞瘤

osteoporosis骨质疏松症

osteosarcoma骨质疏松症

osteosarcoma骨肉瘤

Paget’s disease佩吉特病

perianorecrtal abscess肛管直肠周围脓肿

phlegmon蜂窝织炎

portal hypertension门静脉高压

prostatitis前列腺炎

protrusion of intervertebral disc椎间盘突出

purulent arthritis化脓性关节炎

pyogenic ostcomyclitis化脓性骨髓炎

pyothorax脓胸

rectal polyp直肠息肉

rheumatoid arthritis类风湿性关节炎

rupture of spleen脾破裂

scapulohumeral periarthritis肩周炎

tenosynovitis腱鞘炎

tetanus破伤风

thromboangiitis血栓性脉管炎

thyroid adenocarcinoma甲状腺腺癌

thyroid adenoma甲状腺腺瘤

trauma创伤

urinary infection泌尿系感染

varicose vein of lower limb下肢静脉曲张

Paediatrics儿科

acute military tuberculosis of the lung急性粟粒性肺结核

acute necrotic enteritis急性坏死性结肠炎

anaphylactic purpura过敏性紫癜

ancylostomiasis钩虫病

ascariasis蛔虫病

asphyxia of the newborn新生儿窒息

atrial septal defect房间隔缺损

birth injury产伤

cephalhematoma头颅血肿

cerebral palsy脑性瘫痪

congenital torticollis先天性斜颈

convulsion惊厥

Down’s syndrome唐氏综合症

glomerulonephritis肾小球肾炎

hemophilia血友病

infantile diarrhea婴儿腹泻

intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn新生儿颅内出血

intussusception肠套叠

necrotic enterocolitis of newborn新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎

neonatal jaundice新生儿黄疸

nutritional iron deficiency anemia营养性缺铁性贫血

nutritional megaloblastic anemia营养性巨幼细胞性贫血

patent ductus arteriosis动脉导管未闭

poliomyelitis骨髓灰质炎

premature infant早产儿

primary tuberculosis原发性肺结核

progressive muscular dystrophy进行性肌肉营养不良

pulmonary stenosis肺动脉狭窄

purulent meningitis化脓性脑膜炎

rickets佝偻病

sepsis of the newborn新生儿败血症

tetanus of the newborn新生儿破伤风

tetralogy of Fallot法洛四联症

thrush鹅口疮,真菌性口炎

varicella水痘

ventricular septal defect室间隔缺损

viral encephalitis病毒性脑炎

viral myocarditis病毒性心肌炎

Gynecology and Obstetrics妇,产科

abortion流产

adenomyosis子宫内膜异位症

amniotic fluid embolism羊水栓塞

Bartholin’s cyst巴氏腺囊肿

carcinoma of cervix子宫颈癌

carcinoma of endometrium子宫内膜癌

carcinoma of ovary卵巢癌

cervicitis宫颈炎

chorio-epithelioma绒毛膜上皮癌

corpora luteum cyst黄体囊肿

dystocia难产

eclampsia子痫

edema-proteinuria-hypertension syndrome

水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征(妊娠高血压综合征)

endometriosis子宫内膜异位症

extrauterine pregnancy子宫外孕

hydatidiform mole葡萄胎

hyperemesis gravidarum妊娠剧吐

infertility不育症

irregular menstruation月经失调

lochia恶露

monilial vaginitis念珠菌性阴道炎

multiple pregnancy多胎妊娠

myoma of uterus子宫肿瘤

oligohydramnios羊水过少

ovarian tumour卵巢肿瘤

pelvic inflammatory disease盆腔炎

placenta previa前置胎盘

placental abruption胎盘早期剥离

pregnancy-hypertension syndrome妊娠高血压综合症

premature birth早产

premature rupture of membrane胎膜早破

postpartum hemorrhage产后出血

puerperal infection产褥感染

rupture of uterus子宫破裂

trichomonas vaginitis滴虫性阴道炎

uteroplacental apoplexy子宫胎盘卒中

vulvitis外阴炎

Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology五官科

amblyopia弱视

amygdalitis, tonsillitis扁桃体炎

astigmatism散光

carcinoma of nasopharynx鼻咽癌

carcinoma of larynx喉癌

cataract白内障

tinnitus耳鸣

chalazion霰粒肿,脸板腺囊肿

colour blindness色盲

deflection of nasal septum鼻中隔偏曲

deafness聋

furuncle of nasalvestibule鼻前庭疖

glaucoma青光眼

heterotropia斜视

hyperopia远视

injury of cornea角膜损伤

ceruminal impaction耵聍嵌塞

iritis虹膜炎

keratitis角膜炎

labyrinthitis迷路炎, 内耳炎

laryngitis喉炎

mastoiditis乳突炎

myopia近视

nasal sinusitis鼻窦炎

otitis media中耳炎

obstruction of larynx喉梗阻

peritonsillar abscess扁桃体中脓肿

pharyngitis咽炎

rhinitis鼻炎

Dermatoloty皮科

acne痤疮

carcinoma of skin皮肤癌

bed sore褥疮

decubitus ulcer褥疮性溃疡

drug eruption药皮疹

eczema湿疹

herpes simplex单纯疱疹

herpes zoster带状疱疹

lupus erythematosis红斑狼疮

psoriasis牛皮癣

urticaria荨麻疹

wart疣

5.常见手术名称

General Sugery普外

appendectomy (appendicectomy)阑尾切除术

cholecystectmy胆囊切除术

cholecystostomy胆囊造口术

drainage of the abscess脓肿引流

enterostomy肠造口术

exploratory laparotomy开腹探查术

gastrectomy胃切除术

gastroduodenostomy胃十二指肠吻合术

hemorrhoidectomy痔切除术

hepaticotomy肝管切开术

hepatectomy肝切除术

herniorrhaphy疝修补术

ligation of lower oesophageal veins低位食管静脉结扎

pancreatectomy胰切除术

portal vena cava anastomosis门腔静脉吻合术

pyloroplasty幽门成形术

mastectomy乳房切除术

splenectomy脾切除术

thyroidectomy甲状腺切除术

thyroid lobectomy甲状腺叶切除术

vagotomy迷走神经切断术

Orthopedics骨科

amputation截肢

arthrodesis关节固定术

curettage if bone tumor骨瘤刮除术

excision of bone tumor骨瘤切除术

external fixation外固定

fasciotomy筋膜切开术

free skin graft自由皮瓣移植

internal fixation内固定

plaster cast石膏管形

plaster splintage石膏夹板固定

prosthetic replacement for joint人工关节置换术

reduction of fracture骨折复位

reduction of joint dislocation关节脱位复位

repair if ligament韧带修补

replantation if digit断指再植

skeletal traction骨牵引

tenorrhaphy腱缝合术

Thoracic Surgery胸外科

aortocoronary bypass主动脉冠状动脉分流

closed drainage of pleural cavity胸腔闭式引流

complete intracardiac repair of Fallot’s Tetralogy法洛完全修复术

dilation of aortic valular stenosis主动脉瓣狭窄扩张术

exploratory thoracotomy开胸探查

heart transplantation心脏移植

heart valve replacement心脏瓣膜置换术

ligation of patent ductus arteriosis动脉导管未闭结扎术

lobectomy of lungs肺叶切除

local excision of tumor of lungs肺肿瘤局部切除术

parial esophagectomy and reconstruction of esophagus

食管部分切除、重建

repair of auricular septal defect房间隔缺损修补术

repair if ventricular septal defect室间隔缺损修补术

repair if valvular insufficiency瓣膜闭锁不全的修补

pericardiectomy心包切除术

peicardiotomy心包切开术

pulmonary embolectomy肺动脉栓子切除术

resection of arterial aneurysm动脉瘤切除术

Urology泌尿科

cystoplasty膀胱成形术

cystostomy膀胱造口术

nephrectomy肾切除术

nephrostomy肾造口术

nephrolithotomy肾石切除术

orchiectomy睾丸切除术

prostatectomy前列腺切除术

renal biopsy肾活检

renal transplantation肾移植

urethra-lithotomy输尿管结石切除

urethroplasty尿道成形术

vasoligation输精管结扎术

Neurosurgery神经外科

decompression减压术

excision of brain tumor脑瘤切除术

exploratory craniotomy开颅探查术

lobectomy(脑)叶切除术

removed of intracranial hematoma颅内血肿清除术

repair of dura defect硬脑膜缺损修补术

Dentistry牙科

dental prosthetics镶牙

filling牙填充

orthodontic treatment牙矫正术

periodontal treatment牙周治疗

tooth extraction拔牙

Gynecology & Obstetrics妇产科

amniocentesis羊膜穿刺术

cervicectomy子宫颈切除术

cesarean section剖宫产术剖腹产

culdocentesis后穹隆穿刺术

dilatation of the cervix宫颈扩张术

excision of Bartholin cyst巴氏腺囊肿切除术

hysterectomy子宫切除术

induction of labor引产术

ovarian cystectomy助产术

oophorectomy卵巢切除术

salpingectomy输卵管切除术

sterilization绝育术

uterine curetlage刮宫术

vulvectomy外阴切除术

Ophthalmology & Otorhinolaryngology五官科

aspiration of cataract白内障吸出术

closed reduction of nasal bone鼻骨闭合复位

corneal grafting角膜移植

enucleation of eyeball眼球摘除术

excision of turbinates鼻甲切除术

extraction of intra-ocular foreign body眼内异物摘除

laryngectomy and laryngostomy喉切除术和喉造口术

lens extraction晶体摘除

mastoidectomy乳突切开术

myringotomy鼓膜切开术

myringoplasty鼓膜成形术

nasal polypectomy鼻息肉切除术

septoplasty(鼻)中隔成形术

sinusotomy鼻窦切开术

submuscous resection of nasal septum鼻中隔粘膜下切除术

tonsillectomy扁桃体切除术

tympanoplasty鼓室成形术

6.常用药物名称

Antibiotics抗生素

albomycin白霉素

ampicillin氨苄青霉素

berberine黄连素

carbenicillin羧苄青霉素

cephaloridine先锋霉素II

cephtlothin先锋霉素I

chloromycetin氯霉素

erythromycin红霉素

furbenicillin呋苄青霉素

gentamycin庆大霉素

griseofulvin灰黄霉素

kanamycin卡那霉素

meecamycin, medemycin麦迪加霉素,麦迪霉素

neomycin新霉素

penicillin G青霉素G

polymyxin B多粘菌素B

streptomycin链霉素

terramycin合霉素

terramycin土霉素

Sulfonamides and Furane Derivatives磺胺类及呋喃类药

furacilin呋喃西林

furazolicone呋喃唑酮,痢特灵

sulfacetamide (SA)磺胺醋酰

sulfaciazine (SD)磺胺嘧啶

sulfadimidine (SM2)磺胺二甲嘧啶

sulfamethoxazole新诺明,磺胺甲噁唑

trimethoprim (TMP)增效磺胺

Sedatives and Tranquilizers镇静、安定药

chlordiazepoxide, librium利眠宁

chlorpromazine, wintermine氯丙嗪,冬眠药

diazepam, valium地西泮,安定

fluphenazine氟奋乃静

meprobamate, miltown甲丙氨酯,眠尔通

oryzanol谷维素

pentobarbital戊巴比妥

perphenazine奋乃静

phenobarbital, luminal本巴比妥,鲁米那

Analgesics镇痛药

codeine phosphate磷酸可待因

dolantin, pethidine度冷丁,哌替啶

opium tincture阿片酊

pentazocine镇痛新

Analgesics解热镇痛药

analgin安乃近

aspirin阿司匹林

aspirin compound tablet (APC)复方阿司匹林

butazolidin, butazone保泰松

chlofenamic acid抗风湿灵,氯灭酸

indomethacin, indacin吲哆美辛,消炎痛

ibuprofen布洛芬

paracetamol对乙酰氨基酚,扑热息痛

phenacetin非那西丁

somedon索密痛

Atitussives and Bronchial Spasm Relaxants镇咳、解痉药

aerosol isoprenaline异丙肾上腺素气雾剂

aminophylline氨茶碱

carbetapentane, toclase咳必清

brown mixture棕色合剂,复方干草合剂

chloperastine咳平

ephedrine麻黄素

isoprenaline异丙肾上腺素

salbutamol舒喘灵

Drags for Digestive Diseases消化系统疾病用药

yeast酵母片

Lactasin, biofermin乳酶生

pancreatin胰酶

pepsin胃蛋白酶

atropine阿托品

belladonna extract颠茄浸膏

benactyzine胃复康

probanthine普鲁苯辛

sodium bicarbonate小苏打

vitamin U维生素U

ranitidine雷尼替丁

liquid paraffin液体石蜡

magnesium sulfate硫酸镁

dehydrocholic acid去氢胆酸

glucurone肝泰乐

glutamic acid谷氨酸

sodium taurocholate胆酸钠

Drugs for Cardiovascular Diseases心血管疾病用药

lidocaine利多卡因

mexiletine美西律

oxprenolol氧烯洛尔,心得平

procainamid hydrochloride盐酸普鲁卡因胺

propranolol dinitrate普萘洛尔,心得安

persantin双咪哌胺醇,潘生丁

quinidine奎尼丁

verapamil异博定

nitroglycerine硝酸甘油

nifedipine硝苯地平,心痛定

isosorbide dinitrate硝酸异山梨酯,消心痛

digoxin地高辛

digitoxin洋地黄毒甙

cedilanid西地兰

Antihypertensive Drugs抗高血压药

atenolol氨酰心安

captopril开博通,卡托普利

furazosin派唑嗪

methyl dopa甲基多巴

nimodipine tablet尼莫地平片

reserpine利血平

sodium nitroprusside硝普钠

vertical降压灵

dibazol地巴唑

Antituberculosis Drugs抗结核药

ethambutol乙胺丁醇

isoniazid异烟肼

para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS)对氨基水杨酸

pyrazinamide吡嗪酰胺

rifampin利福平

Antifungal and Antiviral Agents抗真菌及抗病毒药

amphotericin二性霉素

clotrimazole克霉唑

flagyl灭滴灵,甲硝唑

ketoconazole酮康唑

nystatin制霉菌素

amantadine金刚烷胺,金刚胺

moroxydine(ABOB)病毒灵,吗啉胍

Antianemic Agents抗贫血药

calcium leucovorin甲酰四氢叶酸钙,甲叶钙

cobalt chloride氯化钴

ferric ammonium citrate枸橼酸铁胺,柠檬酸铁胺

ferrous sulfate硫酸亚铁,硫酸低铁

folic acid叶酸

iron dextran右旋糖酐铁

lliver extract肝精

vitamin B12维生素B12

Anti-allergic Agents抗过敏药

calcium gluconate葡萄糖酸钙

chlorpheniramine扑尔敏

diphenhydramine, benadryl苯海拉明,苯那君

histaglobulin组织胺球蛋白

promethazine, phenergan异丙嗪,非那根

Anthelminthics驱肠虫药

areca槟榔

levamisole左旋咪唑,驱钩蛔

piperazine citrate驱蛔灵

Vitamins维生素

compound rutin复方芦丁

calcium pantothenate泛酸钙

nicotinamide(NAA)烟酰胺

nicotinic acid(NA)烟酸

pyritinol hydrochloricde脑复新

vitamin A维生素A

vitamin B1维生素B1

vitamin B2, riboflavin维生素B2,核黄素

vitamin B6, pyridoxine维生素B6,吡哆醇

vitamin B compound复合维生素B

vitamin C, ascorbic acid维生素C,抗坏血酸

vitamin D2, calciferol维生素D2,骨化醇

vitamin D3, cholecalciferol维生素D3,胆维丁

vitamin E, tocopherol维生素E,生育酚

Hormones激素

corticotrophin (ACTH)促肾上腺皮质激素

cortisone可的松

desoxycorticosterone (DOCA)去氧皮质酮

dexamethasone地塞米松

fluocinolone acetonide肤轻松

hydrocortisone氢化可的松

prednisolone强的松龙,去氢氢化可的松

prednisone强的松,去氢可的松

chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)绒毛膜促性腺激素,绒膜激素

clomiphene克罗米芬

estradiol benzoate苯甲酸雌二醇

medroxyprogesterone acetate, provera安宫黄体酮

megestrol甲地孕酮

methyltestosterone甲基睾丸素

progesterone黄体酮

stillboestrol乙烯雌酚

testosterone propionate丙酸睾丸素

Cancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Drugs on the Immune System肿瘤化疗制剂及免疫系统用药

Adriamycin阿霉素

azathioprine(AZP)硫唑嘌呤

cyclophosphamide(CTX)环磷酰氮芥

cyclosporine A环孢霉素A,环孢灵

cytarabine阿糖胞苷

dactinomycin放线菌素D,更生霉素

fluorouracil氟尿嘧啶

hydrocortisone氢化可的松,氢可的松

interferon干扰素

levamisole左旋四咪唑,左咪唑

methotrexate甲氨蝶呤

thiotepa塞替哌

thymosin胸腺素

vincristine(VCR)长春新碱

Agents Used for Metabolic Diseases治疗代谢性疾病用药

insulin胰岛素

Lugol’s solution卢戈尔液

glibenclamide格列本脲,优降糖

propylthiouracil丙基硫氧嘧啶

phenformin苯乙双胍,降糖灵

tapazole甲巯咪唑,他巴唑

thyroid甲状腺,甲状腺剂

tolbutamide甲磺丁脲,甲糖宁

protamine zinc insulin (PZI)精蛋白锌胰岛素(长效)

Fluids for Infusion静脉输液

concentrated sodium chloride injection浓氯化钠注射液

5% glucose in normal saline (GNS) 5%葡萄糖盐水

5% glucose solution (GS) 5%葡萄糖溶液

Normal saline(NS)生理盐水

10% potassium chloride 10%氯化钾

Ringer’s solution林格溶液,复方氯化钠溶液

5% sodium bicarbonate 5%碳酸氢钠

28.75% sodium glutamate 28.75%谷氨酸钠

11.2% sodium lactate 11.2%乳酸钠

Biological Products生物制品

aprotinin抑肽酶

bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine卡介苗

cytochrome C细胞色素C

diphtheria antitoxin (DAT)白喉抗毒素

Gamma globulin丙种球蛋白

Hyaluronidase透明质酸酶

lysozyme溶菌酶

pancreatin胰酶

streptokinase(SK)溶栓酶,链激酶

tetanus antitoxin破伤风抗霉素

urokinase尿激酶

Eye and ENT Drugs眼、耳、鼻、喉用药

atropine阿托品

borax硼沙

chloramphenicol eye drops氯霉素滴眼液

cortisone acetate eye drops醋酸可的松滴眼液

homatropine后马托品

sodium sulfacetamide磺胺醋酰钠

boric acid alcohol硼酸酒精

chloramphenicol glycerin氯霉素甘油滴耳液

ephedrine nose drops麻黄素滴鼻液

furacilin solution呋喃西林溶液

neomycin solution新霉素溶液

Drugs for External Use外用药

ammonia solution氨溶液

bromo-geramine苯扎溴铵,新洁尔灭

hibitane氯已定,洗必泰

mercurochrome红汞

phenol酚

potassium permanganate(PP)高锰酸钾

silver nitrate硝酸银

turpentine oil松节油

hydrogen peroxide双氧水

gentian violet甲紫,紫药水

Anesthetics麻醉药

ether乙醚

ethyl chloride氯乙烷

procaine普鲁卡因

sodium pentothal硫喷妥钠

lidocaine利多卡因

fluothane氟烷

7.常用护理术语

Nursing processes护理过程

assessment估计

nursing diagnosis护理诊断

planning计划

intervention (implementation, management)措施(实施、管理)

evaluation评价

Daily care of the patient对病人的日常护理

morning (evening) care, AM (HS) care晨(晚)间护理

bedmaking整理床铺

oral hygiene (mouth care)口腔卫生

brushing the teeth刷牙

flossing the teeth清牙垢

denture care清洗假牙

bathing洗澡

cleanliness and skin care清洁与皮肤护理

perineal care洗会阴

hair梳头

shaving刮脸

Care of nails and feet指甲修剪和洗脚

changing hospital gowns更换住院服装

massage按摩

bedsore care褥疮护理

Measurement of vital signs测量生命体征

taking oral (rectal, axillary) temperature

量口腔(直肠、腋下)体温

taking a radial pulse测量桡动脉脉搏

counting respirations计呼吸次数

measuring (taking) blood pressure量血压

Catheterization导管插入术

cardiac catheterization心导管插入术

laryngeal catheterization喉插管术

retro-urethral catheterization逆行导尿管插入术

urethral catheterization尿道导管插入术

Clean techniques, medical asepsis消毒灭菌

asepsis无菌(法)

integral asepsis完全无菌

disinfection消毒

concomitant (concurrent) disinfection随时消毒,即时消毒

steam disinfection蒸汽消毒

terminal disinfection终末消毒

disinfection by ultraviolet light紫外线消毒

Sterilization灭菌,消毒

chemical sterilization化学灭菌法

fractional sterilization间歇灭菌法

intermittent sterilization间歇灭菌法

mechanical sterilization器械灭菌法

Decompression减压(术)

oardiac decompression心减压术

cerebral decompression脑减压术

orbital decompression眼眶减压术

decompression of decompression心包减压术

gastro-intestinal decompression胃肠减压术

decompression of rectum直肠减压术

decompression of spinal cord脊髓减压术

Dialysis透析

peritoneal dialysis腹膜透析

hemodialysis血液透析

Drainage引流、导液

aspiration (suction) drainage吸引导液(引流)

closed drainage关闭引流法

negative pressure drainage负压吸引法

open drainage开放引流法

postural drainage体位引流法

vaginal drainage阴道引流法

vesicocelomic drainage膀胱腹腔引流

Drainage灌肠

barium enema钡灌肠

blind enema肛管排气法

contrast enema对比灌肠

glycerin enema甘油灌肠

high (low) enema高(低)位灌肠

magnesium sulfate enema硫酸镁灌肠

retention (non-retention) enema保留(无保留)灌肠

soapsuds enema肥皂水灌肠

turpentine enema松节油灌肠

Feeding饲,喂养

Forced (forcible) feeding强制喂养

intubtaion (tube) feeding管饲法

nasal feeding鼻饲法

rectal feeding直肠营养法

Heat and clod applications冷、热敷

applying hot compresses热敷

applying hot soaks湿热敷

assisting the patient to take a sitz bath帮病人坐浴

applying hot water bottles用热水瓶

applying an ice bag (collar0用冰袋

applying cold compresses冷敷

giving a cold (an alcohol) sponge bath冷水(酒精)擦浴

Infusion输入,注入

glucose infusion葡萄糖液输注

glucose-saline infusion葡萄糖-盐水输注

saline infusion盐水输注

Injection注射

endermic (intracutaneous) injection皮内注射

hypertonic saline injection高渗盐水注射

hypodermic injection皮下注射

intramuscular injection肌内注射

intraocular injection眼球注射

intrapleural injection胸膜腔注射

intrauterine injection子宫内注射

nasal injection鼻内注射

peritoneal injection腹膜腔注射

rectal injection直肠注射

subconjunctival injection结膜下注射

urethral injection尿道注射

vaginal injection阴道注射

Irrigation冲洗

vaginal irrigation阴道冲洗

bladder irrigation膀胱冲洗

continuous irrigation连续冲洗法

mediate irrigation间接冲洗法

Isolation隔离、分离

strict isolation严密隔离

contact isolation接触隔离

respiratory isolation呼吸隔离

drainage (secretion) precautions引流预防措施

enteric precautions肠道预防措施

blood (body fluid) precautions血液(体液)预防措施

protective isolation保护性隔离

Lavage灌洗

blood (systemic) lavage血液毒素清洗法

ether lavage (腹腔内)乙醚洗法

gastric lavage洗胃

intestinal lavage洗肠

peritoneal lavage腹膜腔灌洗

pleural lavage胸膜腔灌洗

Medication药疗,投药,给药

endermic medication皮内透药法

hypodermatic medication皮下投药法

intramuscular medication肌肉投药法

ionic medication离子透药疗法

nasal medication鼻内投药法

oral medication口服法

rectal medication直肠投药法

sublingual medication舌下投药法

transduodenal medication十二指肠内投药法

vaginal medication阴道投药法

Suctioning吸气引液

upper airway suctioning上呼吸道抽吸法

nasogastric suctioning鼻胃抽吸

wound suctioning伤口吸引

Transfusion输血

arterial transfusion动脉输血

blood transfusion输血

direct (immediate ) transfusion直接输血

drip transfusion滴注输(血)液

indirect transfusion间接输血

plasma transfusion输血浆

serum transfusion输血清

venous transfusion静脉输血,静脉输液

Diet nursing伙食护理

absolute diet (fasting)禁食

balanced diet均衡伙食

convalescent diet恢复期饮食

diabetic diet糖尿病饮食

eucaloric diet适当热量饮食

fat-free diet无脂饮食

salt-free diet无盐饮食

fever diet热病饮食

full diet全食,普通饮食

half diet半食

high caloric diet高热量饮食

high-carbohydrate diet高糖类饮食

high-protein (protein rich) diet高蛋白饮食

invalid diet病弱者饮食

light diet易消化饮食

liquid diet流质饮食

high fat diet高脂饮食

low fat diet低脂饮食

low caloric diet低热量饮食

low-protein diet低蛋白饮食

low-residue diet低渣饮食

nourishing diet滋补饮食

obesity diet肥胖病饮食

prenatal diet孕期饮食

regimen diet规定食谱

smooth (soft) diet细软饮食

Preparing the patient for the surgery为病人手术前做准备

shaving the patient’s skin (skin prep)备皮

anesthesia麻醉

Postoperative care手术后护理

coughing and deep-breathing exercises咳嗽呼吸练习

applying elastic stockings穿弹性袜

applying elastic bandages用弹性绷带

Emergency care (first aid)急救护理

cardiopulmonary resuscitation心肺循环复苏术

mouth-to-mouth(mouth-to-nose,mouth-to-stoma) resuscitation

口对口(口对鼻,口对颈部小口)循环复苏术

emergency care for fainting (shock, stroke) victims

昏厥(休克、中风)患者急救

emergency care used to control hemorrhage止血急救

emergency care given to help a patient who is vomiting

呕吐患者急救

emergency care for a patient during a seizure癫痫发作急救

hospice care临终护理

postmortem care死后护理

8.常用临床医学术语

diseases疾病

acute diseases急性病

advanced diseases病沉重期,晚期疾病

chronic diseases慢性病

communicable diseases传染病

complicating diseases并发病

congenital diseases先天性疾病

acquired diseases后天性疾病

contagious diseases接触性传染病

endemic diseases地方病

epidemic diseases流行病

functional diseases机能病、官能病

infectious diseases传染病

inherited diseases遗传病

malignant diseases恶性病

nutritional diseases营养病

occupation diseases职业病

organic diseases器质性病

paroxysmal diseases阵发性病

periodical diseases周期病

primary(principal)diseases原发(主导)病

secondary diseases继发病

sexual(venereal, social)diseases性病

terminal diseases绝症

wasting diseases消耗性疾病

chief complaint主诉

clinical manifestation临床表现

delivery history分娩史

etiology病因学

family history家族史

history, medical history病史

precipitating(induced)诱因

marital status婚姻状况

menstrual history月经史

menarche初潮

menopause闭经

past history既往史

pathogenesis发病机制

personal history个人史

symptoms症状

cardinal symptom主要症状

classical symptom典型症状

concomitant symptom伴发症状

constitutional(systemic) symptom全身症状

indirect symptom间接症状

induced symptom诱发症状

local symptom局部症状

mental symptom精神症状

symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom综合症,症候群

signs体征

antecedent前驱征

assident (accessory)副征

commemorative后遗症

sign of death死征

diagnostic诊断征

sign of disease病征

subjective自觉征,主观征

vein sign静脉征

vital sign生命体征

body length (height of the body)身高

body weight体重

barrel chest桶状胸

cachexia恶病质

compulsive position被动体位

critical facies病危面容

emaciation消瘦

enophthalmos眼球下陷

entropion睑内翻

exophthalmos眼球突出

flushed face面色潮红

gain (loss) in weight增加(减轻)体重

lock-jaw牙关紧闭

lordosis脊柱前凸

nasal ala flap鼻翼扇动

nystagmus眼震

obesity肥胖

pallor苍白

scolisis脊柱侧凸

agitation焦急不安

debility, weakness虚弱

diaphoresis出汗,大量出汗

dizziness, vertigo眩晕

lassitude, fatigue无力,倦怠

malaise不适

night sweat盗汗

numbness麻木

rigor, chill寒冷,发冷

perspiration, sweating出汗

pruritus, itching痒,

somasthenia躯体无力

tingling麻刺感

abscess脓肿

acidosis酸中毒

adhesion粘连

alkalosis碱中毒

allergy过敏

coagulation defect凝血不良

congestion充血

dehydration脱水

distention膨胀

edema水肿

embolism栓塞,栓塞形成

fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱

gangrene坏疽

hematoma血肿

hemorrhage, bleeding出血

infarction梗塞,梗死

infection传染

inflammation炎症

ketoacidosis酮酸中毒

metastasis转移

perforation穿孔

necrosis坏死

shock休克

response反应,应答

reaction反应,感应

thrombosis血栓形成

ulceration溃疡

fever, pyrexia发烧,发热

continuous fever稽留热

intermittent fever间歇热

low-grade fever低热

remittent fever驰张热

relapsing fever回归热

pain痛

burning pain灼痛

chest(flank,…) pain胸(胁腹…)痛

cramp-like pain痉挛性痛

dull, diffused pain弥漫性钝痛

pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛

radiating pain (pain radiating to…)放射性痛(放射到…疼痛)angina绞痛

cardiac angina心绞痛

backache背痛

colic绞痛,急腹痛

earache耳痛

headache头痛

neuralgia神经痛

migraine偏头痛

rebound tenderness反跳痛

somatalgia躯体痛

sore throat咽喉痛

stomachache胃痛

toothache牙痛

bloody sputum带血的痰

cough咳嗽

dry cough干咳

expectoration咳痰

expectoration of blood咳血

hemoptysis咳血

anoxia缺氧

apnea呼吸暂停,窒息

asthma气喘,哮喘

Cheyne Stokes respiration切-斯氏呼吸,潮式呼吸

dyspnea呼吸困难

hyperpnea hyperventilation过度呼吸,换气过度

hypopnea呼吸不全, 呼吸浅表

hypoxia低氧,缺氧

orthopnea端坐呼吸

respiratory arrest呼吸停止

suffocation窒息

tachypnea呼吸急促

fetid breath口臭

fruity breath呼吸有水果味

arrhythmia心律失常,心律不齐

atelectasis肺不张,肺膨胀不全

cardiac arrest心搏骤停

cardiac hypertrophy心脏肥大

cyanosis发绀,青紫

distension of jugular vein颈静脉怒张

extrasystole期外收缩

gallop rhythm奔马律

hemopleura血胸

hepatojugular reflux肝颈静脉回流

hypovolemia(循环)血容量减少

palpitation心悸

tachycardia心动过速

pneumothorax气胸

thrill震颤

absent breath sounds呼吸音消失

dull sound浊音

hyperresonant鼓音

rale啰音

rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音,干啰音

wheeze哮鸣音

anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振,厌食

dysphagia吞咽困难

eructation嗳气

belching嗳气

flatulence气胀

flatus肠胃气,屁

gaseous distention胃胀气

hematemesis呕血

hiccough, hiccup打呃,呃逆

nausea恶心

pyrosis胃灼热

regurgitation反胃,回流

thirsty口渴

vomiting呕吐

anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂

ascites腹水

board-like rigidity of the abdomen板状腹

decreased tactile fremitus触觉性震颤减弱

exophageal varices食管静脉曲张

fistula瘘,瘘管

hemorrhoid痔

hernia疝

hepatomegaly肝肿大

intussusception肠套叠

jaundice黄疸

muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌卫

peristalsis蠕动

loss of peristalsis蠕动消失

mass peristalsis总蠕动

retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕动

prolapse脱垂

prolapse of anus脱肛

rectal prolapse直肠脱垂,脱肛

volvulus肠扭转

calculus结石, 石

biliary calculus胆结石

vesical calculus膀胱结石

constipation便秘

defecation排便

diarrhea腹泻

incontinence of feces大便失禁

hematochezia便血

fecal impaction大便嵌塞

occult blood潜血

painful straining with defecation排便痛性牵动

clay colored stools陶土色便

dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡样呕吐物

fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting呕粪,吐粪

foul fatty stools, steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便,脂肪痢

scanty and hard stools便少而硬

tarry (black) stools柏油样便

anuria无尿

burning sensation no urination排尿时的灼烧感

dysurea排尿困难,尿痛

enuresis, bed wetting遗尿

frequency of urination尿频

micturation排尿

uresis, urination, voiding排尿

nocturia夜尿

oliguria少尿

polyuria多尿

tenesmus里急后重

vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重

uremia coma尿毒症昏迷

urgency of urination尿急

urinary incontinence尿失禁

aciduria酸尿

chyluria乳糜尿

cylindruia管型尿

glycosuria糖尿

hematuria血尿

ketonuria酮尿

pneumatinuria气尿

proteinuria蛋白尿

pyuria脓尿

amenorrhea经闭,无月经

dysmenorrhea痛经

menorrhagia月经过多

lochia恶露

menorrhea行经,月经过多

menstruation月经

uterine contraction子宫收缩

blotch斑点

bruise挫伤,青肿

acne痤疮,粉刺

desquamation脱皮,脱屑

ecchymosis瘀斑

loss of skin turgor失去皮肤充盈

nevus痣

papule丘疹

petechia瘀点,瘀斑

pigmentation色素沉着

pustule脓疱

purpura紫癫

red nodule红结节

roseola玫瑰疹

scar伤疤

senile plaque老人斑

spider anaioma蛛形痣

subcutaneous nodule皮下结节

urticaria荨麻疹

vesicle小水疱

vitiligo白斑

blindness失明

blurred vision, visual disturbance视力模糊

impaired vision视力下降

lacrimation流泪

papilledema视神经乳头水肿

photophobia畏光,羞明

retinal detachment视网膜脱离

deafness聋

hearing loss听力丧失

tinnitus耳鸣

epistaxis, nasal bleeding鼻出血

impaired smelling嗅觉障碍

nasal discharge鼻涕

nasal obstruction鼻塞

sneeze喷嚏

snore打鼾

aphonia, loss of voice失音症

hoarseness嘶哑

gum bleeding齿龈出血

herpes labialis唇疱疹,感冒疮

Koplik’s spots科普利克斑

lead line of the gum龈铅线

salivation, drooling流口水

straw-berry tongue草莓舌

tremulous tongue舌震颤

atrophy萎缩

contracture挛缩

deformity畸形,变形

dislocation脱位

fracture骨折

closed (simple)fracture无创骨折,单纯性骨折

comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折

compound fracture哆开(开放性)骨折

knock-knee膝外翻

opisthotonos角弓反张

prosthesis假体

spasm痉挛

tetany (肌)强直,手足抽搦

wrist drop腕下垂

aphasia失语

ataxia共济失调

coma昏迷

consciousness知觉,意识

convulsion抽搐,惊厥

delirium谵妄

delusion妄想

faint昏厥

hallucination幻觉

hemiplegia偏瘫

increased intracranial pressure颅内压增高

insanity精神错乱

loss of orientation定向丧失

mania躁狂

memory defects, amnesia记忆缺损,遗忘症

paraplegia截瘫,下身麻痹

projectile vomiting喷射性呕吐

somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡,嗜睡

stupor木僵,昏呆

tetraplegia四肢瘫痪

unconsciousness失去知觉

yawning打哈欠

crisis危象

cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ...) crisis

脑(热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…)危象

failure衰竭,故障

central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, respiratory) failure

中枢(循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…)衰竭

diagnosis诊断

auscultation听诊

inspection视诊

renal, palpation触诊

percussion叩诊

laboratory examination实验室检查

physical examination体格检查

rectal (vaginal) touch直肠(阴道)指诊

impression印象

tentative diagnosis暂定诊断

differential diagnosis鉴别诊断

final diagnosis最后诊断

prognosis预后

prescription处方

incubation (latent) period潜伏期

prodromal stage前驱期

incipient stage初期

quiescent stage静止期

alleviation减轻,缓和

remission缓解

attack发作

convalescence (recovery) stage恢复期

rehabilitation康复

relapse复发

sudden death猝死

moribund濒死的

course of the disease病程

course of the treatment疗程

indication适应症,指征

complication并发症

contraindication禁忌症

side-effect副作用

sequel (sequela), after effect后遗症

therapies治疗方法

acupuncture therapy针刺疗法

block therapy封闭疗法

chemical therpy (chemo-therapy)化学疗法

combined therapy综合疗法

conservative therapy保守疗法

constitutional therapy全身疗法

dietetic therapy饮食疗法

operative treatment手术疗法

palliative treatment, alleviative treatment姑息疗法

physical therapy物理疗法

psychotherapy精神疗法

radical treatment根治

radio-therapy放射性疗法

supporting treatment支持疗法

symptomatic treatment对症疗法

cardiac massage心脏按摩

cardiac pacing心脏起博

electrotherapy电疗法

electroshock treatment电休克疗法

hemodialysis血液透析

hyperbaric therapy高压氧疗法

insulin-shock treatment胰岛素休克疗法

light therapy光疗法

therapeutic gymnastics医疗体育

9.医疗器材

absorbent cotton脱脂棉

adhesive胶布

bandage绷带

bath towel浴巾

cotton wool balls棉球

dressing敷料

elastic bandage弹力绷带

gauze纱布

mask口罩

mattress垫子

swab橡皮单

swab药签

alcohol burner酒精灯

breast pump吸奶器

curet(te)刮匙,刮器

dropper滴管

drying baker干燥器

enema can灌肠筒

enema syringe灌肠注射器

finger stall指套

forceps钳子

hemostatic forceps止血钳

obstetric forceps产钳

funnel漏斗

gastric tube胃管

glass measure cup玻璃量杯

hypodermic syringe皮下注射器

pump筒,泵

needle针头

ampule安

ice bag冰袋

incubator保温箱

kidney basin弯盆

measuring tape带尺

medicine cup药杯

Murphy’s drip bulb墨菲滴管

percussion hammer叩诊锤

rectal tube肛管

rubber gloves橡皮手套

sand bag沙袋

scales磅秤

scalpel手术刀

scissors剪刀

specimen container取样器皿

sucker吸管

ribbon肠线

test tube试管

thermometer体温表

three-channel tube三腔管

spatula (padded tongue blade)压舌板

tourniquet止血带

tray托盘

ultraviolet lamp紫外线灯

vessel clamp止血钳、血管夹

vial药瓶

bedside commode床边洗脸台

bedside rails床栏

bedpan床上便盆

disposable collecting bag一次性采尿袋

emesis basin盂盆

patient pack医院为病人提供的个人用具袋

urinal男用尿壶、贮尿壶

binder腹带、绷带

straight abdominal binder直腹带

breast binder裹胸带

elbow protector肘护套

sling悬带

splint夹板

scrotal support阴囊托

cane (walking stick)手杖

crutch拐杖

leg brace腿支架

stretcher担架

walker助行器

wheelchair轮椅

isolation unit, set-up消毒室,消毒病房

garbage can lined with plastic bag内衬塑料袋的垃圾罐

isolation cart (plastic bags, masks, gowns, laundry bags, gloves)消毒箱(内装塑料袋、口罩、衣服、洗衣袋、手套)

surgical isolator外科手术消毒包

wastebasket lined with plastic bag内衬塑料袋的字纸篓

cannula套管、插管

perfusion cannula灌注导管

wash-out cannula冲洗套管

catheter导管

cardiac catheter心导管

indwelling catheter留置导尿管

double current (two-way) catheter双腔导管

flexible catheter软导管

female catheter女用导尿管

prostatic catheter前列腺导尿管

railway catheter槽式导尿管

self-retaining catheter自流(潴留)导尿管

tracheal catheter气管吸引导管

dialyser透析膜

dialyzator透析器

drainage-tube引导管

elastic drainage-tube橡皮引流管

glass drainage-tube玻璃引导管

enemator灌肠器

intubator插管器

irrigator冲洗器

oxygen tank氧气筒

oxygen tent氧幕、氧气帐

rubber-topped hemostat带橡皮头的止血器

speculum窥器、张口器

anal speculum肛门张口器、护肛器

aural speculum耳窥器、耳镜

eye speculum开睑器

nasal speculum鼻窥器、鼻镜

speculum oris张口器

rectal speculum直肠窥镜,直肠张开器

urethral speculum尿道窥器

vaginal speculum阴道窥器

suction吸吮器

disposable suction apparatus for wound suction一次性伤口吸吮器

sputum suction apparatus吸痰器

suction machine吸吮机

mechanical suction机械吸吮器

wall suction壁式引流器

steam tent蒸气帷

wall oxygen outlet壁式输氧机

ventilator呼吸机、呼吸器

automatic ventilator自动呼吸器

positive pressure ventilator正压呼吸机

negative pressure ventilator负压呼吸机

cabinet respirator箱式呼吸器

cuirass respirator胸甲式呼吸器

autoclave sterilizer(disinfector)高压蒸气灭菌器

bronchoscope支气管镜

cystoscope膀胱镜

computer tomography (CT)计算机体层摄影

defibrillator除颤器

direct laryngoscope直接喉镜

electrocardiograph心电图机

electroencephalograph脑电图机

esophagofiberscope纤维食管镜

esophagoscope食管镜

filiform sound线形探子

flexible bronchofiberscope可弯性纤维支气管镜

gastrofiberscope纤维胃镜

gastroscope胃镜

head mirror头镜

hyperbaric oxygen chamber高压氧仓

otoscope耳镜

nuclear magnetic resonance核磁共振

proctoscope直肠镜

ophthalmoscope眼底镜

pacemaker起搏器

peritoneoscope腹腔镜

phonocardiograph心音图机

scanner扫描仪

sigmoidoscope乙形结肠镜

spirometer肺活量计

ultrasonic wave apparatus超声波机

10.医学英语快速记忆-后缀后缀在缀合法中只起改变词性的作用,不改变词根的含意,这在第一章内已叙述。现将常用后缀分一般英语后缀及医学英语后缀两部分来说明。

第一节 常用的一般英语后缀

因词性不同、后缀可分为名词性、形容词性、动词性及副词性后缀,现列举于下。

一、名词性后缀

1,-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称

percentage百分数,百分率,voltage电压,伏特数,lavage灌洗,洗,出法,gavage管词法,curettage刮除法,shortage不足,缺少。

2,-cy表示抽象名词

accuracy准确,精确度,infancy婴儿期。

3,-ence、-ance表示性质和动作

difference不同,interference干扰,干预,influence影响,感化,occurrence发出,出现,violence激烈,暴力,existence存在,significance意义,意味。

4,-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀

difficiency不足,不全,tendency趋势,趋向,frequency频率,pregnancy妊娠,emergency紧急,急救,fluency流利,流畅,sufficiency足够,充足,constancy坚定,经久不变。

5,-er表示…人、…者

diameter直径,receiver接收者,接受者,carrier携带者,beginner初学者,创始人,reader读者,shutter快门,goiter甲状腺肿。

6,-ics表示…科学

psdiatrics儿科学,psychiatrics精神病学,obstetrics产科学,orthopdics矫形科学,auristrics耳科学,gnathostomatics口腔生理学,andriatrics男性医学,男性科。

7,-ian表示人称名词

physician医师,内科医师,technician技术员

8,-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词,常译为…化

simpliffcation简化,calcification钙化,classification分类,分级, communication交流,交往。

9,-ing由动词变化而来的动名词

nursing护理,typing分型,分类,mapping绘制…图,bleeding出血,vomiting呕吐,softening变软,functioning使器官活动,使器官有功能,positioning把…放在适当的位置,mathching和…相配,imaging成像。

10,-ion由动词构成的名词

occasion偶然原因,近因,时机,division分割,分开,vision视力,视觉,distortion扭曲,变形。

11,-ism表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词

mehanism机理,机制,autism孤独性。

12,-ist表示人称名词

specialist专家,internist内科医生,padiatrist儿科学家,biololgist生物学家,economist经济学家,chemist化学家,obstetrist产科学家,产科医师。

13,-ization由动词构成的抽象名词

recanalization再管化,再通化,chatheterization插管,immunization免疫法,预防接种,organization组织,机构,机化,hospitalization住院,normalization正常化,ketonization酮化作用。

14,-logy表示学科

morphology形态学,histology组织学,neurology神经学,embryology胚胎学,radiology放射学,laryngorhinology喉鼻科学,proctology直肠学,hexiology个体,生态学。

15,-ment表示动作,行为或具体事物

measurement测量,量度,experiment实验,instrument仪器,器械,integument体被,皮肤,segment节段,fragment片段,断片,碎片,replacement替代,置换,increment增长,增殖,development发育,显影,movement动作,活动,ligment韧带,equipment器材,装置,设备,improvement改善。

16,-ness加在形容词后构成抽象名词

tenderness触痛,hardness坚硬,thickness厚度,effectiveness有效,usefulness有用的,coldness寒冷,dampness潮湿,darkness黑暗,shallowness浅,permanentness永久,brightness明亮。

17,-or表示…人,…物

inhibitor抑制物,doctor医生,monitor监视器,donor给血者,供体,director主任,factor因素, operator操作者,手术者。

18,-ry表示集合名词

laboratory实验室,chemistry化学。

19,-ship表示状态

relationship关系,联系,interrelationship相互关系,相互联系。

20,-th由形容词构成名词

length长度,width宽度,depth深度,truth真理。

21,-ty表示性质

rigidity强直,僵硬,speciality特征,专业,responsibility责任,责任心,capacity容量,智能,能力,mortality死亡率,morbidity发病率,nocturnality夜间,safty安全性,conductivty传导性,permeability渗透性,property性质,plenty丰富,unity整体,统一性,obesity肥胖,similarity类似,相似。

22,-ure表示行为结果

failure衰竭,pressure压力,curvature弯曲,fissure裂隙,裂,puncture穿刺,rupture破裂,structure结构,seizure发作,nomenclature名称,术语。

二、形容词性后缀

1,-able表示可能的,可以的

excitable易兴备的,acceptable易接受的,movable可移动的,alterable可改变的,可改动的,available可用的,可得到的,uncomfortable不舒的。

2,-al表示有…的属性

regional局部的natural自然的,special特别的,特殊的,spinal脊髓的,central中央的,vertrbral脊柱的,cervical颈的,mural壁的,terminal末端的,typical典型的,digital手指的,数字的,temperal暂时的,短暂的,capital首要的,重要的,vocal有声的,声带的,several几个,parasternal胸骨旁的。

3,-ant有些是从动词派生来的

significant在意义的,persistant持久的,坚持的(从动词persist来的),resistant抵抗的,反抗的(自动词resist派生),important重要的,infant婴儿的,constant坚定的,持久的,pernanent永久的。

4,-ar表示…特征的,…形状的

regular规则的,muscular肌肉的,circular环形的,圆的,anular环的。

5,-ary表示与…有关的

ordinary平常的,通常的,anniversary周年的,voluntary自愿的,随意的。

6,-ed用于名词加ed,转化为形容词,或动词过去分词作形容词。

Coded加密码的(名词code加ed),colored加颜色的,deposited被沉淀的(由动词deposite加ed),curved使…弯曲的,limited有限的,lubricated滑润的,使滑润的,surrounded围住的,被围绕的。

7,-ent与-ant同类

consistent坚定的,different不同的,sufficient足够的,convenient便利的,方便的,evident明显的,fluent流利的,流畅的,efficient有效的,frequent常常的,频繁的。

8,-ful由名词构成形容词

useful有用的,successful成功的,plentiful丰富的,helpful有帮助的。

9,-ible与-able相同。

Visible可见的,irreversible不可逆的,impossible不可能的,inaudible听不见的。

10,-ic加在外来词根的名词上,构成形容词

specific特异的,magnetic磁性的,aerobic需氧的,pubic耻骨的,oxytocic催产的、催产剂,therapeutic治疗的,dramatic戏剧性的,icteric黄疸的,dynamic动力的,hemolytic溶血的。

11,-ish加在颜色的形容词上,表示略带…色

reddish带红色的,微红的,yellowish带黄色的,微黄的。

12,-ive由动词构成形容词

relative有关的,相关的(由动词relat派生的),sensitive灵敏的,congestive充血性的,imaginative想象、富有想象力的,imitative摹仿的, repetitive重复的,reproductive生殖的,contractive收缩的,conservative保守的,circulative循环的,effective有效的,invasive侵入性的。

13,-less表示没有…的

useless无用的,lifeless无生命的,hopeless绝望的、医治不好的,fruitless无效的、无益的。

14,-ory表示…性质的,属于…的。

sensory感觉的,accessory附属的、附加的,circulatory循环的,urinary泌尿的,尿的。

15,-ous表示具有…的、有…特性的。

dangerous有危险的,continuous在连续性的、连续的,serious严重的,various各种的,vigorous强有力的,apueous水的,generous大量的,丰盛的,tremendous可怕的,惊人的,previous以前的,pervious能通过的、能穿过的。

三、动词性后缀

1,-ate多用于外来词构成动词

deviate背离、偏离,decelerate减速,accelerate加速,degenerate变性,operate

操作,手术,defibrillate除颤,vibrate振动、颤动,migrate移动,angulate成角,anticipate预期、期望,abbreviate缩写,antecede在…之前。

2,-en形容词构成动词,表示变、加、使…

weaken变弱、变衰弱,soften使…软化,thicken使…变厚,strenghten加强,shorten使…变短,wooden木制的,deepen加深、深化,harden使…变硬,lengthen使…延长,loosen放松、解开,quicken加快、刺激,roughen变粗糙,lighten减轻,sharpen变尖锐。

3,-ize加在形容词或名词上,表示…化neutralize中和,standardize标准化,mineralize矿物质化,repolarize复极化,depolarize去极化,sensitize致敏,metastasize转移。

四、副词性后缀

1,-ly由形容构成的副词,最为常用,表示……地

simaltaneously同时地,concurrently同时地,widely广泛地,excrusively专用地、唯一地,scarcely仅仅、刚刚,immediately立即。

2,-ward(s)加在前置词上,构成副词,表示方向

backward(s)向后,upward(s)向上。

11.主要人体系统名称The cardiovascular system心血管系统

The circulatory system循环系统

The respiratory system呼吸系统

The digestive system消化系统

The (central) nervous system (中枢)神经系统

The immune system免疫系统

The urinary system泌尿系统

The excretory system排泄系统

The reproductive / genital system生殖系统

The endocrine system内分泌系统

The muscular system / musculature肌肉系统

The bone & joint system骨、关节系统

12.医院类型名称

general hospital综合医院

children hospital儿童医院

tumour hospital肿瘤医院

chest hospital胸科医院

field hospital野战医院

isolation hospital隔离医院

military hospital陆军医院

municipal hospital市立医院

maternity hospital产科医院

mental hospital精神医院

infectious hospital传染医院

leprosy hospital麻风医院

affiliated hospital附属医院

training hospital教学医院

13.医学词汇见附件

14.医学常用字首与字根

Medical Prefix and Suffix字首与字根举例

brady-徐缓 bradycardia心跳徐缓

bronch-,broncho-气管 bronchitis支气管炎

card-,cardi-,cardio-心脏 cardiomegaly心脏肥大

-centesis穿刺 cardiocentesis心脏穿刺术

cephal-,cephalo-头 cephalitis脑炎

cereb-,cerebro-大脑 cerebritis(大)脑炎

chol-,chole-,cholo-胆,胆汁 cholecystography胆囊造影术

chondr-,chondro-软骨 chondritis软骨炎

contra-反,逆 contraindication禁忌症

cyano-青紫,绀 cyanosis发绀

-cyst, cysti-膀胱,囊 dacryocyst泪囊

cyto-细胞 cytopenia血细胞减少

dent-,denti-牙,齿 dentist牙科医师

dermat-m,dermato-皮 dermatoneuritis神经性皮炎

dia-离,透 diarrhoea腹泻

dys-困难,不良 dystrophy营养不良

-ectasis扩张 bronchiectasis支气管扩张

-ectomy切除 appendectomy阑尾切除术

-mia血 anemia贫血

end-,endo-在内

endoscope内窥镜

epi-在上 epidermis表皮

erythro-红 erythrocyte红血球

ex-出,外,离 excretion分泌物

febri-热,烧 febrifuge退烧剂

fibrio-纤维 fibroma纤维瘤

gastr-,gastro-胃 gastrospasm胃痉挛

gluco-,glyco-甜glucocorticoid糖皮质激素

-gram标记,图画electroencephalogram脑电图

gyn-,gynae-女人 gynaecologist妇科医师

hem-,hemato-血 hematoma血肿

hemi-半,单侧 hemiplegia偏瘫

hepat-,hepato-肝 hepatosis肝病

hydro-水 hydrothorax胸腔积水

hyp-,hypo-低,不足,减退 hypoxemia低氧血症

-itis炎,发炎 pacreatitis胰腺炎

Lacto-乳 lactosuria乳糖尿

Laryng-,leuko-喉 laryngotomy喉切开术

Leuco-,levko-白的 leukopenia白血球减少症

-logist专家 pharmacologist药理学家

mal-不好 malformation畸形

-megaly巨大 hepatomegaly肝肿大

-meter量器 thermometer体温计

mort-死 mortal致命的

multi-多 multipara经产妇

-necrosis死的 osteonecrosis骨坏死

neo-新生的 neoplasm瘤、赘生物

nephr-,nephro-肾脏 nephrosis肾病

nerv-神经 nervous易激动的

neuro-肿瘤 myoma肌瘤

-osis病态 stenosis狭窄

osteo-骨 osteomyelitis骨髓炎

patho-病 pathogen病原体

pedia-,pedo-儿童 pediatrician小儿科医师

-penia不足,缺乏 granulocytopenia粒细胞减少症

peri-周围 periphery末梢

poly-多 polyp息肉

psycho-精神 psychosis精神病

-ptosis下垂 metroptosis子宫脱垂

pyel-,pyelo-肾盂 pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎

pyo-脓 pyorrhea脓溢

re-复,再 relapse复发

recti-,recto-直肠 rectoscope直肠镜

-rhea,-rrhea流 diarrhea腹泻

sclero-硬的 sclerosis硬化

-scope观察 cystoscope膀胱镜

semi-半 semi-liquid diet半流质饮食

-storny口 colostomy结肠造口术

-therapy治疗 physiotherapy物理疗法

therm-,thermo-热 thermoplegia中暑

-tomy切开 tracheotomy气管切开

uro-尿 urodynia排尿痛

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