北京2019中考英语阅读理解（六）
专题十八 阅读理解
第6讲 北京东城二模阅读理解CD篇
教学目标
1. 掌握本篇阅读理解中出现的高频词及长难句。
2. 掌握阅读理解的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读理解中运用到的解题技巧。
3. 通过阅读理解高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读理解解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读理解题。 C篇
名师点拨
知识篇
“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读理解高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。
亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？ 高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。） 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 improvement technology n. n. 改进，改善 v. improve 科技 良
差 especially support communication adv. 尤其地 v. n. 支持 交流 v. communicate powerful benefit adj. 强大的 n. 利益，好处 运输 依赖 缺点 transportation n. depend on disadvantage n. opp. advantage regular adj. 有规律的 长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）
1. One benefit for companies is that it can save money.（优良差）
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：对于公司来说一个优点是它能节省钱。
本句中包含一个由that引导的表语从句，翻译时要注意。
2. Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages.（优良差）
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：尽管telework有许多优点，但也有一些缺点。
本句是由even though引导的让步状语从句，可以积累even though这个短语。
3. If the worker is not in the office, managers don't know what they are doing. （优良差） _________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：如果员工不在办公室里，经理就不知道他们正在做什么。
本句首先含有一个由if引导的条件状语从句，其次含有一个由what引导的宾语从句做know的宾语。 方法篇
“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？
一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一步 快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。 浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 浏览问题，明确要求。 把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。 第三步 通篇寻读，确定段落。 也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。 第四步 逐条分析，对号入座。 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。 第五步 二、阅读理解解题技巧
初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。
题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。 设题1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 复读全文，验证答案。 全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。 方式 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解题1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 技巧 2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left 精析 handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are
right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。 设题1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change 方式 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解题1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 技巧 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said 精析 boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his
free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。 题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。 设题1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______. 方式 2. The word“…”most likely means _____. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____. 解题1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 技巧 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 3. 通过构词法猜测词义 4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 5. 通过描述猜测词义 6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. 精析 However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond.
D. Give rise to. 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。 设题1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the 方式 passage is _____. 2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____. 3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____. 解题1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句 技巧 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young 精析 students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。
语篇精讲浏览问题
（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章） 题号 1 题干及选项 What does telecommuting mean?（细节理解题） A. Driving to work. B. Working from home. D. Working for 8 hours a day. C. Working in an office. 2 What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean?（词义猜测题） A. Health. B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth. 3 What's one of the disadvantages of telecommuting?（细节理解题） A. It makes a worker unfit and upset. B. It makes a worker uninterested in his job. C. It makes a worker have less chance of promotion. D. It makes a worker have worse control of his time. 4 What can we learn from the passage?（推理判断题） A. Telework will get improved in the future. B. Telework has a history of hundreds of years. C. Teleworkers work for more days every year. D. Teleworkers are good at communicating with others. 通篇寻读
（通读文章，根据问题中的关键词标记出文章中的重点词，短语或句子，为逐题分析做准备） 话题 日常生活类 Telecommuting
For most people, a usual workday means waking up, eating breakfast, driving to the office, working for about 8 hours and then driving back home. But not all workers have this experience. Many people work from their homes. This kind of work is called telecommuting or telework. A person who telecommutes is called a telecommuter.
People have worked in their homes for thousands of years. But the
modern idea of telecommuting started in the early 1970s. Improvements in technology, especially
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networking technology, helped support the development of telework. As communication technology became cheaper and more powerful, telecommuting became more of a choice for workers.
Both companies and individuals（个人）can benefit from telework. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. It can also help improve morale. This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier. If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs. This is good for the company. As for individuals, they can save money by cutting down their transportation costs. They also save time because they do not have to go to the office every day. Depending on how often they work from home, telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.
Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages. Managers are worried about losing control of the workers. If the worker is not in the office, managers don't know what they are doing. Telework can also be bad for a person's working life. Managers are more likely to give a promotion（升职）to workers that they see every day, so telecommuters have less chance of getting promoted than regular workers. As telecommuters often work alone, another bad effect of telecommuting is separation from other people.
Telecommuting has a place in the society today. Helped by more powerful technologies, teleworkers of the future will be able to communicate in new and improved ways. This will make telework better and make sure that it will have a more important place in the future. 逐题分析
语篇解读：本文是一篇日常生活类的说明文，主要阐述了Telecommuting这种新型的工作方式，并从这种工作方式的优点，缺点及发展进行了说明。
1. What does telecommuting mean? A. Driving to work.
B. Working from home. D. Working for 8 hours a day.
C. Working in an office. 解析：B.
细节理解题。题干意为“telecommuting是什么意思？”，根据文章第一段关键句“Many people work from their homes. This kind of work is called telecommuting or telework.”，意为“许多人在家工作，这种工作方式被称为telecommuting 或 telework。”，故选B.
2. What does the underlined word “morale” probably mean? A. Health. 解析：C.
词义猜测题。首先看画线词所在句，它也能帮助提高______.再看后句意为“这是因为可以选择工作方式的
B. Abilities. C. Spirits. D. Wealth.
员工要更加快乐”，这句话是对前一句话的解释，快乐应该是精神或情绪方面的，A项意为“健康”；B项意为“能力”；C项意为“精神”；D项意为“财富”，故选C。
3. What's one of the disadvantages of telecommuting? A. It makes a worker unfit and upset. B. It makes a worker uninterested in his job. C. It makes a worker have less chance of promotion. D. It makes a worker have worse control of his time. 解析：C.
细节理解题。题干意为“telecommuting的缺点之一是什么？”，A项意为“它使工作者不健康和沮丧”，根据第三段关键句This is because workers who have choices about how they work are often happier.可知选择这种工作方式的人是更加快乐的，故排除；B项意为“它使工作者对工作不感兴趣”，根据第三段关键句If workers are happier, they are likely to do better jobs.可知他们愿意更好的工作，故排除；C项意为“它使工作者有更少的升职机会”，根据第四段关键句so telecommuters have less chance of getting promoted than regular workers.可以判定此项正确；D项意为“它使工作者不能很好地控制时间”，根据第三段关键句telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.可以判定此项是错误的，故选C。
4. What can we learn from the passage? A. Telework will get improved in the future. B. Telework has a history of hundreds of years. C. Teleworkers work for more days every year. D. Teleworkers are good at communicating with others. 解析：A
推理判断题。A项意为“Telework将会在未来得到提高，改善”；B项意为“Telework有几百年的历史”；C项意为“Teleworkers每年工作更多天”；D项意为“Teleworkers擅长与人交流”。根据最后一段最后一句This will make telework better and make sure that it will have a more important place in the future.可以判断A项正确；根据第二段关键句But the modern idea of telecommuting started in the early 1970s.可以判定B项错误；根据第三段最后一句telecommuters can save between 15 and 25 workdays every year.可以判定C项错误；根据第四段最后一句another bad effect of telecommuting is separation from other people.可以判定D项错误。 精讲笔记
（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的阅读理解的知识和方法）
语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个） 单词
语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种） 细节理解题 推理判断题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题
2 4 1、3 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句） 能力提升基础过关
一、词汇/短语英汉互译★ 单词/短语 词性 词义
improvement technology communication transportation depend on disadvantage 二、句子英汉互译★★
n. n. adv. v. n. adj. n. n. n. adj. 尤其地 支持 强大的 利益，好处 有规律的 1. 问题是他们是否能够帮助我们。
_____________________________________________. 2. 如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。
______________________________________________. 3. One benefit for companies is that it can save money. ______________________________________________.
4. Even though there are many benefits to telework, there are also some disadvantages. ______________________________________________.
5. If the worker is not in the office, managers don't know what they are doing. ______________________________________________. 阅读练习 话题 社会现象类 Technology has become a necessary and important part of our lives. It has changed our lives greatly. In many ways, it makes life more convenient for us: we can send messages quickly through the Internet, cook meals in a few minutes in a microwave, and book train tickets online instead of walking to the station. However, in our increasingly technology-driven world, have we become addicted to technology? Not too long ago, many children enjoyed reading a good book in their spare time. Nowadays,
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teenagers are more likely to be seen playing video games or watching television. Some people even say they can't go without watching their favourite TV programme.
Similarly, sending letters has become a thing of the past. It has been replaced by email, immediate messaging and other social media (媒体）.I think this is a huge shame; for me, there's nothing better than receiving a letter in the post. It shows someone has taken the time to sit down and write something; this is much more private than a conversation online. And for some people, especially the old, new ways of communication aren't so easy to use. I often send letters and postcards to my grandma to tell her about my life in France.
The presence of social media has, in some ways, turned us into anti-social beings. Instead of meeting up with friends and seeing them face to face, we now spend a lot of time communicating online. Although online communication has its advantages — especially，enabling us to keep in touch with loved ones in different countries, we shouldn't forget the value of real-life human interaction. It is, after all, in our nature to socialize with others！
Admittedly (诚然), I spend a lot of time using technology. I depend on the Internet and my laptop to plan lessons for my classes. I use wifi on my phone to send messages via apps such as Viber and Snapchal. Even so, when I'm on holiday it is nice to turn it all off and have a break. Taking a break from technology is setting yourself free.
1. The phrase \"addicted to\" in Paragraph 1 probably means “_____”. （词义猜测题） A. skillful at C. dependent on
B. interested in D. disappointed at
2. What does the writer think of sending letters?（推理判断题） A. It wastes a lot of time and energy. B. It's something out-of-date and shameful. C. It's a better way to communicate with relatives. D. It's a more personal and caring way of communication.
3. From Paragraph 4 we know that the writer thinks _____.（推理判断题） A. social media makes people separated and lonely B. it's important for people to communicate face to face
C. people have better skills in communication because of social media D. online communication has more advantages than real-life communication 4. What's the writer's purpose of writing this passage?（主旨大意题） A. To direct people to spend free time properly.
B. To remind people to make reasonable use of technology. C. To encourage people to take full advantage of social media. D. To advise people to communicate with each other more often.
参考答案 基础过关
一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 improvement technology especially support communication powerful benefit transportation depend on disadvantage regular 二、句子英汉互译。
n. n. adv. v. n. adj. n. n. n. adj. 改进，改善 科技 尤其地 支持 交流 强大的 利益，好处 运输 依赖 缺点 有规律的 1. The question is whether they will be able to help us. 2. If you want to lose weight, you must/ should eat less bread. 3. 对于公司来说一个优点是它能节省钱。 4. 尽管telework有许多优点，但也有一些缺点。
5. 如果员工不在办公室里，经理就不知道他们正在做什么。 阅读练习
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D
D篇
名师点拨
知识篇 高频词 单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展 掌握情况 优 stress hard n. 压力 良 差
adj. 困难的，努力的 confidence n. 自信 adj. confident common adj. 普通的，常见的 complaint fit remind painful encourage upset push have fun 长难句
n. v. v. adj. v. adj. v. 抱怨 使…适应 提醒 痛苦的 鼓励 沮丧的 推 玩的高兴 v. complain n. pain opp. pull 1. First, tell your child that she'll get through this difficult period.（优良差） _________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：首先，告诉你的孩子她将通过这段困难的时期。
本句中包含着一个由that引导的宾语从句做tell的宾语。
2. It's common for best friends to separate during middle school.（优良差）
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：在中学时期和最好的朋友分开是常见的。
本句包含初中阶段重点句型“It’s + adj. for sb. to do sth.”，意为“对某人来说做某事是……”，本句型在第一讲中已经强调过，这里要再次复习巩固。
3. To help your child deal with this problem, first encourage her to make it clear to her friend that she wants to keep the friendship going.（优
良差）
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
句意：为了帮助你的孩子处理这个问题，首先鼓励他要让他的朋友知道他想继续这段友情。 本句型为不定式做目的状语，翻译时要注意。 方法篇
“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读理解解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读理解的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。 亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读理解的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？ 一、阅读理解解题步骤 第一步 快速浏览全文，了解文章大概。 浏览时要注意以下句子：每段的开头和结尾，重要的情节句子，如果遇到未学或不认识的单词或不理解的句子，可以根据上下文猜测，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 浏览问题，明确要求。 把文章后每个题目内容看明白，这样又能辅助进一步理解文章的主要内容，具体做题时就能对号入座，找到文章中确切表达所要回答问题的关键句子。 第三步 通篇寻读，确定段落。 也就是带着问题去读，找到要回答问题的关键词、句或意群，以及任何有关答题的信息，用铅笔画下来，以便为下一步答题做好充分准备。 第四步 逐条分析，对号入座。 把需要回答的问题和寻读中找到的信息逐条分析，对号入座。一般来说，出题者问题设计都是按照文章内容自上到下顺序设计的，根据难度先解决容易的，最后解决深层次的理解题。 第五步 复读全文，验证答案。 全部题目做完后，必须再仔细阅读一遍全文，进一步加深对文章理解，核实所选答案是否正确。
二、阅读理解解题技巧
初中英语选择型阅读理解题主要分为四种题型，分别是细节理解题，推理判断题，猜测词义题和主旨大意题。接下来我们将从这四种题型的定义，设题方式和解题技巧三方面进行介绍。
题型 题型一：细节理解题 解释 本类试题主要考察学生对阅读材料中的某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。问题包括询问人（who）、物（what）、时间（when）、地点（where）、原因（cause）、结果（effect）、文中的数据（data）等。新闻、说明文、广告信息等常常考察这些细节。 设题1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 方式 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解题1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 技巧 2. 变通理解，间接转述找答案 3. 多点归纳，综合事实找答案 典题Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left 精析 handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt their tools 本题可以运用到解题技巧1. 细心审题，直接就题找答案 浏览题干，确定关键短语为cut up potatoes with their left hand，浏览段落，确定关键句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（别扭的）.“如果你是一个习惯用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成块。如果你感到别扭并不让人惊讶。”，根据句意即可推断出正确答案，故选C。 题型 题型二：推理判断题 解释 推理判断题着重考察学生的逻辑思维能力，即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推
B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change 理判断。此类题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁，作者的倾向、态度等。 设题1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. 方式 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解题1. 通过文章陈述的事实进行推断 技巧 2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 3. 根据作者的意图和态度进行推断 典题Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said 精析 boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 根据文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，动作和语言进行推断 题干意为“作者谈论Syal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。两个段落很长，我们首先要精读段落，抓住两个人物的态度，第一段中关键句为a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意为“Meera Syal说无聊帮助她发展了她的思想”，第二段关键句为He became creative, because he could think freely.意为“他变得积极，因为他能够自由思考”，由这两句关键句可知两个人都认为“无聊可以发展创造力，”，故选D。
题型 题型三：词义猜测题 解释 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，是考查对文中关键词语的理解。而且，所考察的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据文中语境来判断。 设题1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______. 方式 2. The word“…”most likely means _____. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____. 解题1. 通过因果关系猜测词义 技巧 2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 3. 通过构词法猜测词义 4. 通过定义或释义说明来猜测词义 5. 通过描述猜测词义 6. 用知识和生活经验猜测词义 7. 根据上下文的指代关系猜测词义 典题Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. 精析 However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. Give rise to. 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 通过同义词和近、反义词的关系猜测词义 浏览本段，会发现本段中存在转折连词while“然而”，while后的句意为“无聊能给他们发展创造力的机会”，所以while之前的句意应该与之相反，进一步推测词义。A意为“（使）慢下来”，B意为“跟上”，C意为“超出”，D意为“引起，导致”，故选A。 题型 题型四：主旨大意题 解释 考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。 设题1. 问标题：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. 方式 passage is _____. 2. 问中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____. 3. 问目的，态度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____. 解题1. 浏览文章首尾段和各段开头，抓住主旨段或主旨句
技巧 2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气及写作意图 典题In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young 精析 students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本题可以运用到解题技巧2. 浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨 本题考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先锁定第二段的关键词but，but之前的关键词in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在过去人们认为使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的关键词these days和have accepted that表明了现在人们接受了惯用左手的人。所以这段主要是讲述了人们关于惯用左手的人的态度上的转变。可以判定答案为Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故选D。 语篇精讲浏览问题
（抓住题干及选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章） 题号 1 题干及选项 When a boy doesn't have any friends, what should his parents do?（细节理解题） A. Find a popular crowd for him. B. Direct him to make some friends.. C. Encourage him to change himself. D. Tell him the importance of being alone. 2 What does Frank think of separation between friends in middle school?（推理判断题） A. It's normal and unavoidable B. It's painful and really bad for children. C. It means they don't value their friendship.
D. It means their friendship isn't deep enough. 3 What suggestion does the writer give to the parents of perfectionist children?（推理判断题） A. Choosing top schools for their children. B. Doing something enjoyable with their children. C. Preventing their children from making mistakes. D. Offering a lot of help with their children's study. 通篇寻读 话题 教育类 Managing Stress
Many of us experience stress in life, so do the kids. “It's the hardest time of life,” says Kim “Tip” Frank, writer of Battling the Blues, Grades 3-8: The Handbook for Helping Children and Teens With Depression.“Kids need direction and confidence.” Here are some common complaints of overstressed middle schoolers and what parents can do to help. “I don't have any friends.”
First, tell your child that she'll get through this difficult period. “There will be times when you are alone,” Frank says. “Being alone is better than changing who you are to fit in with the popular crowd.”
Some kids need more clear instruction on how to make friends. Parents can help by having a discussion with their child about what a real friend is. Ask your child what qualities（品质）he wants in a friend. Then you help him find some possible friends. Remind your child that not all friendships work out and talk to him about how to be a good friend. “My best friend doesn't like me any more.”
It's common for best friends to separate during middle school. When it happens, it's painful and makes your child feel left behind.
“To help your child deal with this problem, first encourage her to make it clear to her friend that she wants to keep the friendship going,” Frank says. Then, remind her that if her friend chooses to end the friendship, it's out of her control.“You can only control one side of the relationship,” he says.
Talk to your child about why friends move on or pull away. Tell your child she will make new friends. It hurts, but it often ends up working out for the best for both children. “I made a mistake! I'm a failure!”
体裁 议论文 字数 419 建议用时 实际用时 7分钟 正确率 __/3 星级 ★★★★
Teachers see a lot of perfectionism in today's kids. These kids get upset if they get a B on a paper. They are often overstressed.
“Perfectionist kids are often driven by parents.” As a parent, see whether you are pushing your child to feel like she can't make a single mistake. Do you talk about top schools every day? Do you make a huge deal out of a grade that isn't an A? “You can ask your child, ‘Why do you think you have to get straight A's?”, Frank says. There's more to life. Parents can offer their children opportunities to have fun. “Model hard work, relaxation, laughter, and joy,” he says.“It's not what you say to kids, it's how you live.” 逐题分析
语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇教育类的议论文。本文主要针对的孩子在成长过程中遇到的几个问题展开论述，并给出家长一些指导性的意见。
1. When a boy doesn't have any friends, what should his parents do? A. Find a popular crowd for him. B. Direct him to make some friends.. C. Encourage him to change himself. D. Tell him the importance of being alone. 解析：B
细节理解题。题干意为“当孩子没有朋友时，父母应该怎样做？”，根据题干关键词When a boy doesn't have any friends可以锁定文章第二段中，根据第二段中关键句Some kids need more clear instruction on how to make friends.“一些孩子在关于怎样交朋友上需要更多清晰地指导”，即可判断孩子是需要父母的指导去交朋友，故选B。
2. What does Frank think of separation between friends in middle school? A. It's normal and unavoidable
B. It's painful and really bad for children. C. It means they don't value their friendship. D. It means their friendship isn't deep enough. 解析：A
推理判断题。题干意为“Frank对在初中阶段朋友之间分离这种情况的看法是什么？”A项意为“它是正常的和难以避免的”；B项意为“它是痛苦的和对孩子有害的”；C项意为“它意味着他们不珍惜他们的友情”；D项意为“它意味着他们的友情不够深”，根据题干可将答案锁定在文章的第四段中，根据段落关键句It's common for best friends to separate during middle school.可知在中学时期和最好的朋友分开这种情况是正常的，故选A。
3. What suggestion does the writer give to the parents of perfectionist children? A. Choosing top schools for their children. B. Doing something enjoyable with their children. C. Preventing their children from making mistakes. D. Offering a lot of help with their children's study. 解析：B
推理判断题。根据题干关键词the parents of perfectionist children可将答案锁定在文章最后一段中，本题询问的是作者对这类孩子家长的建议是什么，根据最后一段关键句Parents can offer their children opportunities to have fun.，可知作者认为父母应该给孩子们更多开心玩耍的机会，故选B。 精讲笔记
语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累10个） 单词
语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握2种） 细节理解题 推理判断题 词义猜测题 主旨大意题
词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句） 1 2、3
能力提升基础过关
一、词汇/短语英汉互译★ 单词/短语 词性 词义 confidence common complaint encourage have fun 二、句子英汉互译★★
n. adj. n. adj. n. v. v. adj. v. adj. v. 压力 困难的，努力的 使…适应 提醒 痛苦的 沮丧的 推 1. 拥有健康的饮食习惯对我们来说很必要。 ______________________________________________. 2. 我想知道他们正在谈论什么。
______________________________________________.
3. First, tell your child that she'll get through this difficult period. ______________________________________________.
4. It's common for best friends to separate during middle school. ______________________________________________.
5. To help your child deal with this problem, first encourage her to make it clear to her friend that she wants to keep the friendship going. ______________________________________________. 阅读练习
（北京东城二模阅读理解，D篇） 话题 日常生活类 Parents do anything they can to give their kids the best education. According to a report published by the Sutton Trust, a third of “professional parents” with children aged between 5 and 16 have moved to an area, because they think it has good schools.
Some go further: 6% of the 1 ,000 parents surveyed said they started to attend church (教堂) services to help their children get a place at a church school ; 3% said they used a relative's address to get children into a better school ; and 2% said they had bought a second home and used that address for a better school.
It seems strange that parents, while paying close attention to school, seem often to forget a much cheaper way of improving their children's educational situation — a stable (稳定的）family. There are plenty of researches to back all this up: a recent study by the Childhood Wellbeing Research Centre found that children aged seven and older usually (lid more poorly in exams and behaved badly at school if their parents broke up. Another report by the Economic and Social Research Council, found that a stable family life meant children were more likely to take in what was offered in the classroom. According to the Royal College of Psychiatrists, teenagers whose parents were fighting or separating might find it difficult to concentrate (集中注意力）at school.
Of course, many marriages are progressing well even if there're unpleasant matters in life. I've been married for more than a quarter of century, and the one thing I'm sure of is that it's not a bed of roses. I've also got four children aged between 11 and 21; and while I'm truly thankful to the many teachers who have taught them, and the schools they've been pupils at, I've felt fairly certain as the years go by that a stable home is much more important than where their school sits in the local league table (排行榜).
So paying a few hundred pounds for a family relationship course could be a much better use of the family's money than spending thousands on moving houses. I can't help wondering whether the only sure winners from the fight to live by the best school gates are house sellers rather than the very children the move is designed to help.
1. According to the Sutton Trust，what's the most common way for parents to send their children to a good school?（细节理解题） A. Asking their relatives for help. B. Going to church every Sunday. C. Moving to a house in a certain area. D. Buying a second house near the school.
体裁 议论文 字数 404 建议用时 实际用时 7分钟 正确率 __/4 星级 ★★★★
2. What can we learn from the researches in Paragraph 3?（推理判断题） A. Children above seven usually behaved badly at school. B. Going to good schools improved the children's behavior.
C. Parents' relationship had an influence on their children's study. D. Parents usually fought for their children's poor performance at school. 3. The writer agrees that _____.（推理判断题）
A. a longer marriage means a stronger family relationship B. the local league table of schools is important for parents C. parents should have better communication with teachers and schools D. it's worthwhile to spend some money improving a family relationship 4. What's the best title of the passage?（主旨大意题） A. More Money Can Help “ Buy\" Better Education
B. Parents Should Provide the Best Start for Their Children C. Moving Houses Gives Great Benefits to Children's Education D. Parents Staying Together Happily Is the Best Way to Help Children 参考答案 基础过关
一、词汇/短语英汉互译 单词/短语 词性 词义 stress hard confidence common complaint fit remind painful encourage upset push have fun 二、句子英汉互译。
n. adj. n. adj. n. v. v. adj. v. adj. v. 压力 困难的，努力的 自信 普通的，常见的 抱怨 使…适应 提醒 痛苦的 鼓励 沮丧的 推 玩的高兴
1. It’s necessary for us to have healthy eating habits. 2. I want to know what they are talking about. 3. 首先，告诉你的孩子她将通过这段困难的时期。 4. 在中学时期和最好的朋友分开是常见的。
5. 为了帮助你的孩子处理这个问题，首先鼓励他要让他的朋友知道他想继续这段友情。 阅读练习
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D
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