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英语四级改错题常考要点-非谓语动词

2020-09-12 来源:步旅网
⾮谓语动词(⼀) 分词

现在分词和过去分词的区别

①、⽤于句⾸作状语,现在分词表⽰主动,过去分词表⽰被动

例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then    A

  struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.     B      C            D

分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning ②、⽤于名词后⾯作后置定语,现在分词表⽰主动,过去分词表⽰被动

例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in       A               B 

  the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.               C         D

分析:B错,⽣活在什么地⽅的⼈,⼈⽣活是主动,因此改为living⼀些动词后⾯必须⽤doing

对于加doing的词来说,考试中⼀般出现⼀个,下⾯这些词都是要加doing的,请考⽣牢记。 mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, adjust advocate, suggest delay, quit

 forgive(原谅),tolerate, avoid, escape(逃避) spend+名词+doing;

 have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing

例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest their    A     B    C              D  crops.

分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。

例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,                A        B

  to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.        C          D

分析:A错,advocate 后⾯直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing

(⼆) 不定式

A. 动词不定式的省略①、help后⾯可以省略to  help to do  help sb. to do

例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid               A      B  the habits that might shorten the lives.         C     D

分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后⾯有定语就可以⽤the。注意(A)并没有错,help后⾯可以接不带to的不定式。

②、使役动词后⾯要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个  make,   let,

  have sb. do sth

  注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth.

例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians         A               B  to know when to play various parts of a composition.    C     D

分析:let是使役动词,后⾯不需要to, C改为know③、感官动词

   hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe

   see sb do sth. 强调过程   see sb doing sth 正在做某事B. 动词不定式的固定⽤法(1)表⽰第⼀⼈

the first woman to do sth.

(2)表⽰迫使的动词

⼀般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do

例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis      A                 B      allows to speculate geologists about the ancient Earth.       C           D

分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。(3)表⽰倾向…的形容词

  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事  be inclined to do倾向于做某事  be liable to do 易于…的  be apt to do

(4)表⽰⽬的的名词,⼀共有7个这样的词,这⼀条也是最重要的。固定的句式:

the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.the objective ⽬标aimgoal

reason理由function功能intension意图

例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing                        A 

  large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.           B          C     D分析:the function to provide, A错

例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure                   A         and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds      B 

  that make up various components of a living cell.    C    D

分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错

(5) 其他同根名词

 ability to do 受到be able to 的影响 attempt to do 企图

 decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响 ambition,

 be ambitious to do   effort

例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation   A                    B catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions.          C       D

分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表⽬的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great   A                   B   efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.       C            D分析:efforts to register, C错

C. 动词不定式的其他⽤法

(1) be to do 表⽰已安排好或者注定要发⽣的动作,属于将来时态的范畴

She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock.

(2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表⽰不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发⽣,这个完成式通常表⽰⼀般过去时I am glad to see you.

I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.yesterday是⼀般过去时,修饰have seen.

(3) 形容词后⾯使⽤动词不定式,主动表⽰被动It is difficult to decide.

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