航海英语听力与会话大证评估
Chapter 1
口述
1. Please say something about your hometown.
a) The geographical position, population, and features of your hometown. b) The environment and customs of your hometown. c) The specialties of your hometown.
Nanjing is my hometown. It is the capital of Jiangsu Province. The Yangtze River runs through it. It has a long history of 2400 years. It is known as one of the six ancient capital cities in China. Since the 3rd century, about ten dynasties have made it their capital. In Nanjing, spring and autumn are short. In summer, it is very hot. There are many famous places in Nanjing, such as Xuanwu Lake, Confucius Temple, Dr. Sun Yat-sen’s Mausoleum, etc. People in Nanjing are industrious and hospitable. Welcome to Nanjing!
2. Please say something about yourself. a) Your name, age, rank, working experiences, hobbies. b) Your daily work.
c) Your spare time activities. My name is … I’m … years old. I’m from ... Now I’m studying in Jiangsu Maritime Institute. I major in navigation. I will graduate next year. I have a wide range of interests. I like collecting stamps, and I can learn much knowledge from it .I like playing basketball and listening to music, too. But I don’t like playing football and watching TV. I have many friends.
3. Please say something about your family. a) Members of your family. b) Their occupations.
c) Their hobbies and characteristics.
My name is ... I’m … years old. I’m from ... There are … people in my family. They are ... My grandmother is over … years old, but she is very healthy. My father is a …, he is … years old. My mother is a …, she is ... (years old). They work very hard. I’m studying in Jiangsu Maritime Institute now. We love each other. We live a happy life.
4. Your favorite port you have called at. a) A simple introduction of the port. b) Reasons why you like it. c) Anything special about it.
I have called at Shanghai harbor and I like it very much. Shanghai is a large seaport. It lies at the mouth of the Yangtze River on the east coast of China. I was impressed by its prosperousness and its size. Everyday a number of ships with imported and exported goods
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come in and out of Shanghai harbor. Large vessels of 50 thousand tonnages can enter it freely and the annual shipping volume of Shanghai Harbor has reached about 440 million tons. There are a lot of stevedoring areas and the port has been equipped with all kinds of advanced loading and unloading facilities. Shanghai Harbor is playing an important part in our nation’s shipping industry.
5. Please say something about your responsibilities on board. a) Your position on board. b) Your daily work on board. c) Your duties on board.
I work as a third officer on M.V. …I do plenty of work on board. During navigation, I stand watches on the bridge and maneuver the ship. In port, I keep the deck watches. Besides, I take charge of the fire-fighting and life-saving appliances and keep them in normal condition. I am also responsible for signaling equipment, the International Code Signal flags and other flags and for maintaining and accounting for all training publications and training aids. 问答
1. What‟s your date of birth? May 1st, 1988 was my birthday. 2. What‟s your seaman‟s book number? XXXX.
3. Where are you from? I’m from Jiangsu, China. 4. What‟s your captain‟s nationality? Chinese, I think.
5. What do you think is the most important thing on board? Safety.
6. Which ports do you often call at? New York.
7. What is your favorite TV program? CCTV 5 Sports. /CCTV News. 8. What is your favorite Web site? Shoo / yahoo/ Sian/ Baidu/ Google. 9. What is your favorite day of the week? Why? Saturday. I can have a good sleep. 10. What is your favorite kind of movie?
Action film/ Horror film/ Comedy film/ Tragedy film. 11. What is your favorite kind of music? Classical / Folk/pop/ Rock and roll music. 12. What is your favorite magazine? Readers/Times/ Forum.
13. What is the population of your hometown?
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There are over 5million people in my hometown. 14. What is your population of your country? 1,300,000,000 (one point three billion people.) 15. What is the best thing about your hometown? Dishes/Food.
16. What is the worst thing about your hometown? Traffic density/ Dirty environment. 17. What‟s your hometown like? It looks like a beautiful garden.
18. Do you have many disasters in your country which are caused by weather? Yes, there are. Earthquake/ Seaquake/ Typhoon/Flooding. 19. What sports do you like to watch on TV? Basketball/ Soccer/ Swimming.
20. What do you think is the most popular sport in the world?
Basketball/ Soccer/ Swimming.
Chapter Two 口述
1. Say something about how to apply for radio pratique. a) Your ship‟s particulars and voyage briefs.
b) Crewmembers‟ health condition, cargo information and ship‟s sanitary condition at present. c) Some certificates relating to quarantine inspection. First, you must report your ship’s particulars, such as vessel’s name, call sign, draft, tonnage, kind of vessel, the time to arrive at the quarantine anchorage, the departure port, the ports you have called at, destination port and so on. Then you must report the number of the crew members to the quarantine officer, and whether there are sick persons on board. Get rid of rats. Finally you must report some certificates relating to quarantine inspection, such as Vaccination Certificate, De-ratting Certificate, Ship’s Sanitary Certificate and so on.
2. Describe the requirements on ship‟s seaworthiness in terms of certificates and papers which need to be carried on board.
a) List major certificates on board and describe their particulars.
b) Categorize those certificates (class certificates, statutory certificates). c) The management of those certificates
Major certificates on board are Certificate of Vessel’s Registration which contains vessel’s name, port of registry, signal letter and so on; International Tonnage Certificate which covers main dimensions and tonnage; Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate which shows the condition of the structure, machinery and equipment; Minimum Safety Manning Certificate which shows whether the ship is safely manned; International Load-line Certificate which
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shows it has been marked in accordance with the convention of the International Load-line Certificate and so on.
Class certificates are issued by the Vessel’s Classification Association, such as International Tonnage Certificate; but the statutory certificates are issued by the competent government, such as Certificate of Vessel’s Nationality, Certificate of Vessel’s Registration and so on. The captain must maintain these certificates well.
3. Describe the shipboard customs formalities. a) The main duties of the customs officers.
b) Preparations before customs officers come on board.
d) Your experiences you have ever had with customs officers.
The customs officers are responsible for supervision and control of all cargoes in and out. Seal and unseal the bonded store on board. Check if there any smuggling goods on board. Before customs officers come on board, we must prepare some documents, such as the Captain’s Declaration, the Import Cargo Manifest, two copies of Crew List, three copies of the Stores and Provisions List, the Last Port Clearance and two copies of the Crew Personal Effects List.
When customs officers come on board, we must greet them warmly and give them a good cooperation.
4. Describe the shipboard immigration formalities. a) The main duties of the immigration officers. b) Preparations before immigration officers come on board. d) Your experiences you have ever had with immigration officers. Immigration officers perform the following duties: determine admission of persons by examining their documents, issue shore-passes, check up the crew members and their seamen’s books.
Before immigration officers come on board, we must prepare some documents, such as Crew List, Seamen’s Books, Shore-passes and so on. When immigration officers come on board, we must greet them warmly and do everything to the satisfaction of the immigration officer.
5. Describe the shipboard quarantine formalities. a) The main duties of the quarantine officers. b) Preparations before quarantine officers come on board. d) Your experiences you have ever had with quarantine officers.
The duties of the quarantine officers are in charge of the jobs relating to sanitation and health, such as checking whether the sanitary condition is satisfactory and whether there are any sick persons or infectious disease on board, especially the cholera, yellow fever and smallpox. Before the quarantine officers come on board, we must prepare some documents, such as Crew List, Crews’ Inoculation Certificate, Maritime Declaration of Health for Departure of Ship, De-ratting Certificate and so on.
When the quarantine officers come on board, we must greet them warmly and do everything to the satisfaction of the quarantine officers.
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问答
1. What‟s the validity of the Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate? 5 years.
2. What flag should be hoist when a vessel requires quarantine inspection? Flag Q.
3. Can a ship enter a foreign port before quarantine inspection? No, it can’t.
4. Why must the customs officer seal the Bonded Store? In order to prevent smuggling. 5. Please list 5 ship‟s certificates.
International Tonnage Certificate, International Load-line Certificate, Vessel’s Registration Certificate, Vessel’s Nationality Certificate, Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate and so on.
6. Are cigarettes and liquor exempted from customs duties? No, only 10 packets of cigarettes and 1 bottle of spirits for each crew. 7. How can the captain do with the shore passes before leaving a port? Collect the shore passes and hand them to the quarantine officers. 8. Which certificate prescribes general requirements for the functions of
radiotelegraphy installation for lifeboat on board? Cargo Ship Safety Radio Certificate. 9. Which certificate specifies the freeboard assignment of a ship? International Load-line Certificate. 10. Which document demonstrates a ship being in a fit and efficient condition and
classed? Document of Compliance (DOC). 11. If your ship needs provisions and/or replenishments, how do you get them? Communicate with the agent or ask ship-chandler to supply . 12. Which documents should you show when you go through the customs formalities? The Captain’s Declaration, the Import Cargo Manifest, two copies of Crew List, three
copies of the Stores and Provisions List, the Last Port Clearance and two copies of the Crew Personal Effects List.
13. Who issues the shore passes to the crewmembers wishing to go ashore? The immigration officer.
14. What documents should generally be shown to the quarantine officer?
Crew List, Crew’s Inoculation Certificates, Maritime Declaration of Health for Departure of Ship, De-ratting Certificates and so on.
15. What documents should generally be shown to the customs officer?
The Last Port Clearance, the Import Cargo Manifest, the Crew List, the Stores and Provisions List, the Crew Personal Effects List and so on.
16. What documents should generally be shown to the immigration officer? The Crew List, the Seamen’s Books, the shore-passes and so on.
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Chapter Three
口述
1. Describe the responsibilities as a watch officer while the ship is at anchor. a) Regular operations for anchor watch. b) Emergency handling in case of dragging. c) Conclusion.
Before anchoring, take a hammer, an oil can and some goggles to the forecastle; ask the engine room for power and water on deck and stand by anchor. When anchoring, take off the hawse pipe’s cover and clear the spurling pipes. When the anchor reaches the bottom, hoist the anchor ball or turn on anchor lights. Finally inform the engine room that power and water are finished with. Return all gears.
When anchor is dragging, let go another anchor at once. We can also start engine or let go more cables to increase the grabbing power, or heave away the anchor and then let go anchor again.
2. Describe the proper way of using VHF. a) How to operate VHF set proper. b) General rules of using VHF. c) Rules of using VHF Channel 16. Before using VHF, make sure your call is really necessary and switch VHF to the correct channel. Don’t interrupt another station’s transmissions.
Before speaking, check whether the transmit switch is on. Push the button to speak and release it to listen. Speak slowly and clearly. Channel 16 is only used for distress, safety and urgency. Distress calls have absolute priority over all other communications.
3. Describe the procedures before arrival at a port. a) The preparations from the bridge.
b) The preparations from the engine room. c) The preparations from the deck.
Before arriving at a port, the ship has to communicate with the port and pilot station by VHF, informs her ETA and get the necessary information about draft restrictions, fairway speed, pilotage, weather report, depths of water, tides, etc.
Call master onto the bridge to give instructions and monitor the operation of the ship. The engine room prepares to change oil and supply power.
The deck crew members are at their different stations, testing the mooring machinery, mooring lines and checking the pressure on fire main, etc. Stand by anchor and mooring lines.
4. Describe the procedures before leaving a port. a) The preparations from the bridge.
b) The preparations from the engine room.
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c) The preparations from the deck.
Before leaving a port, first decide whether the ship needs tug assistance and make necessary arrangement. Get information on the weather, tides and the movements of the nearby vessels. Switch on and synchronize gyro and repeaters and check headings of magnetic compass and repeaters. Test and turn on the navigational aids. Synchronize ship’s clock. Ensure deck power, telescope and binoculars available and make arrangements for pilot’s embarkation or disembarkation; Ensure charts and navigational publications corrected up-to-date and courses laid off （标出航线）.
The engine room prepares to change oil and supply power.
The deck crew members are at their different stations preparing for leaving harbor. Test telegraph and ensure main engines ready. Stand by for letting go all lines and heaving away anchor, etc.
5. Describe the procedures of pilotage.
a) The general procedures for pilot request. b) The preparations for receiving the pilot. c) The general rules for pilotage.
Pilotage at most of the ports in the world is compulsory. Before the ship’s arrival, the captain communicates the pilot station by VHF. When you need a pilot, hoist flag “G”. An order for a pilot should be made beforehand.
The job to take the pilot on and off the ship is done by the third officer or the duty sailor. They are responsible for the safety of the pilot. A pilot ladder, a heaving line and a lifebuoy, safety net, manropes, and lights should be prepared beforehand. The pilot ladder should be rigged on leeside.
The vessel should report the ship’s name, call sign, nationality, types of ship, total number of persons on board, present position, ETA at pilot station, intended route, etc. to the pilot station. The pilot station should confirm the pilot’s boarding time and position, the berthing time, etc When the pilot has boarded, lower flag “G” and hoist flag “H”.
问答
1. Can you list at least three mooring lines? Yes. Headline, breast line, spring, stern line, back spring, etc. 2. What should be prepared before the pilot comes on board? Pilot ladder, safety net, manropes, a heaving line, and lights should be prepared (If the freeboard is greater than 9 meters, a gangway combined with a pilot ladder shall be rigged.)
3. What is the maximum speed through the water that your ship can anchor without
risking breaking the cable?
The maximum speed can be calculated according to the formula: ship’s speed minus water speed.
4. What flag should be hoisted when a vessel requires a pilot?
Flag \"G”.
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5. How can a ship get in touch with a port before her arrival?
The ship’s captain calls the pilot station through VHF communication / by VHF. 6. What ship‟s particulars will pilot station usually ask for?
The ship’s name, length, breadth, gross tonnage, net tonnage, harbor speed, draft, revolutions, type of ship, propeller working condition, etc. 7. What should be reported to the pilot station?
The ship’s name, call sign, nationality, type of ship, number of persons on board, present position, ETA at pilot station, intended route, etc. 8. What should be confirmed from the pilot station?
The time when the pilot will be available, pilot’s boarding time and boarding point, the berthing time, etc.
9. When the vessel enters the VTS area, what is requested to report?
The ship’s name, call sign, flag state, ship’s position, course and speed, destination, last port of call, ETA and ETD, draft forward and aft, all equipment’s working condition, etc. 10. What does “foul anchor” mean?
It means the anchor has its own cable twisted around it. 11. If you are ordered: “Stand by both engines!”, how should you reply and report? I will repeat the order:” Stand by both engines.”, and then report:” Both engines stand by.”
12. Can you list 3 famous canals in the world? The Panama Canal, the Suez Canal, and the Kiel Canal. 13. When you request the receiver to remain on channel 16 in VHF communication,
what do you say? “Stand by on VHF channel 16.” 14. How to rectify the mistake in maritime VHF communication? I will first say: “Mistake…”followed by the word: “Correction” and the correct message.
15. How to give an emphasis on the important part of a message in maritime VHF
communication?
I will first say: “Repeat…” – followed by the important part of the message. 16. What does “Abandon Vessel” mean?
It means to evacuate crew and passengers from a vessel in emergency. 17. What does the abbreviation ETD stand for? It stands for Estimated / Expected Time of Departure. 18. What does “dredging of an anchor” mean?
It means the anchor is moving along the sea bottom to control the movement of the vessel.
19. What does “underway” mean?
It means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to the shore, or aground. 20. What does “dragging of anchor” mean?
It means the anchor is moving over the sea bottom involuntarily because it is no longer preventing the movement of the vessel.
21. What is the difference between a “radar beacon” and a “radar reflector”?
A radar beacon is a radar transponder emitting a characteristic signal; and a radar
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reflector is used to obtain stronger echoes from radar targets.
22. How many objects do you need to get a position using “horizontal sextant
angles”?
At least 2 objects.
23. Why is a magnetic compass kept on board when a gyro is more accurate? Because the magnetic compass is more reliable.
24. What do you report when the anchor has been heaved out of the ground and is
clear of it?
I will report: “Anchor is aweigh.”
25. When preparing for anchoring what must you do before releasing the bow
stoppers?
Before releasing the bow stoppers, we must make sure the windlass is out of gear
and the brakes are on. Make sure the windlass is free to engage and the windlass is put into the gear.
26. Would you let go an anchor from the hawse pipe if the depth was 75 meters No, we would not.
27. Why must you consider ship’s speed and sea depth when you release the bow stoppers?
When the ship’s speed is too fast, the anchor chain is easy to break, when too slowly the anchor can’t grab the ground. When the sea depth is too shallow, it’s easy to ground, and when too deep the anchor can’t reach the ground. 28. What must always be brought and placed close to the pilot ladder well before the pilot’s embarkation? A heaving line and a life buoy. 29. Why is dangerous to anchor in ice?
Ice is an obstacle to any ship, so anchoring in ice will beset by the ice. 30. What flag is hoisted when the pilot has arrived on board? Flag “H”.
Chapter 4
口述
1. Describe the procedures of carrying dangerous cargo on board. a) The acquisition of information about the dangerous cargo b) Precautions on loading and discharging. c) Maintenance during the voyage.
Dangerous cargo is divided into nine classes according to IMDG. They are the explosives, gases, flammable liquids, flammable solids or substances, oxidizing substances and organic peroxides toxic and infectious substances, radioactive substances, corrosives and miscellaneous dangerous substances.
Before loading and discharging dangerous cargo on board, we must know their names, types, and natures, check proper use of handling gear and segregation of goods, keep good ventilation, handle with care, stow flammable goods away from the engine room bulkhead,
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stow infectious substances separated by one compartment from foodstuffs.
During the voyage, keep the gangway watch and deck watch, to keep an eye on the dangerous cargo.
2. Describe the precautions before entering an enclosed space. a) The potential dangers in an enclosed space. b) The normal procedures. c) The important precautions.
The enclosed space is liable to explode and self-ignite. Without the chief officer’s perdition, no one can enter the enclosed space.
Before entering an enclosed space, we have to put on the protective clothing and breathing apparatus, safety belt, and carry walkie-talkies and air cylinder.
The following precautions should be taken: check the ventilation and the state of the holds, open the ventilators to escape the exhausted air and get fresh air in; switch on automatic temperature control; test the air in the holds; open all entrances to the emergency lane, etc.
3. Describe the procedures of cargo stowage. a) The acquisition of information about the cargo to be carried. b) The principles and considerations on the navigation safety. c) The modification of stowage plan.
Before a ship loads her cargo, first of all, the chief officer must make out a cargo plan according to the details from the Loading List or Shipping Orders such as, cargo’s nature, packing, quantity and the measurement of each package. When arranging the locations of the different lots of cargo, the chief officer must consider the order of the discharging ports, the proper vessel’s trim, stability and stress. Then the original stowage plan can be modified during the cargo stowing.
4. Describe the actions to be taken in case of an oil spill on board. a) The initial responses.
b) The actions following up according to the SOPEP onboard. c) The precautions to be taken.
First, stop the oil operation immediately and stand by spilling control gear. Then report and remove the spillage: separate the spilling oil; find the causes of spilling; take actions to absorb the spillage, such as spreading the absorbents.
The precautions to be taken: stow the liquids properly in case of big wind and torrent; do the oil operations carefully; supply the oil-spillage gears; pilot the ship with caution; comply with the operating rules and so on.
5. Describe how to ensure a proper stowage for general cargo. a) General factors to be taken into account in cargo stowage. b) Special considerations for cargo stowage.
Before loading general cargo, the chief officer should make out the cargo plan according to the details from the loading list. When loading general cargo, the following factors should be considered: the nature of cargo, the kind of cargo, packing, quantity and size, the
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measurement of each package, segregation and dunnage, ventilation and so on.
Special considerations for cargo stowage are: the order of the loading and unloading, the vessel’s trim, stability and stress, the elimination of cargo damage. Special attention should be paid to the dangerous cargo and deck cargo if there are any. 问答
1. How many classes of dangerous goods are there according to the IMDG Code? Can
you list some?
9 classes. They are the explosive, gases, flammable liquid, flammable solids or substances, oxidizing substances and organic peroxides, toxic and infectious substances, radioactive substances, corrosives and miscellaneous dangerous substances. 2. What kind of cargo is classified as flammable cargo? It refers to the goods which are liable to burn itself in normal temperature. 3. Please describe the general nature of general cargo. It refers to the cargo with different characteristics and in different separation packages. It can be loaded by special crane or the ship’s own derricks. 4. Please describe the general nature of bulk cargo. Bulk cargo refers to the homogeneous cargo (同种类货物) not enclosed in a container. It is carried in bulk carriers. 5. What kind of cargo is canvas sling suitable for lifting? It is used for lifting bags of grain, rice, coffee, etc. 6. What kind of cargo is chain sling suitable for lifting? It is used for lifting logs, iron rails, etc. 7. What kind of cargo is net sling suitable for lifting? It is used for lifting small packages and mail. 8. What does the abbreviation COW stand for? It stands for Crude Oil Washing System. 9. What does “jettison of cargo” mean?
It means the action to deliberately throw cargo overboard. 10. What does “compatibility of goods” mean?
It means that different goods can be stowed together in the same hold. 11. What does the abbreviation SWL stand for? Safe Working Load.
12. What does “shifting cargo” mean?
It means the cargo on board hasn’t been stowed and lashed securely and properly. They are easy to move in heavy seas during the voyage. 13. What does “Union purchase” mean?
It is a way or system used to load and discharge cargo with two derricks when working. 14. What preparations shall be done before loading cargo?
Preparing stowage plan, cleaning holds, preparing dunnages and loading & unloading appliances, checking ventilation system, etc. 15. What is the loading capacity of your vessel?
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About 5,600 tons.
16. What cargo handling gear and equipment does your vessel have?
Derricks, cranes, winches, sling platform, chain sling, etc. 17. What can be used to remove spillage?
Use absorbents for the spillage.
18. What shall be ensured before entering the enclosed space? The protective outfit.
19. Please list some cargo papers.
Stowage plan, loading list, cargo manifest, bill of lading, etc. 20. What must you wear when you enter an enclosed space?
Protective clothes and breathing apparatuses.
Chapter 5 口述
1. Describe the duties of watch-keeping when underway. a) General rules as to watch-keeping. b) Items to be checked and monitored each watch. c) Special attention for bridge watch-keeping. General rules as to watch-keeping are: 1) Duty officers should hold the competent certificates; 2) Route plan should be made in advance; 3) Master and officers should comply with the relevant rules and regulations, the world environment protection and the Convention of MARPOL.
Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out. During each watch, check and monitor navigational aids, fathometer, gyrocompass, satellite navigator, VHF set, etc., check vessel’s speed and course, lighting, chronometers and so on, receive and record broadcasts from weather forecast.
Special attention should be paid to the management of the bridge, route planning, the training and maintaining of the safety system on board, main engines, operation of helicopter, deck-log writing and other monitoring systems.
2. Describe the bridge shrift change. a) The conditions which must be satisfied before taking over a bridge watch. b) The procedures for shift change c) Special attention for shift change
Before taking over the watch, first, the relieving officer should be familiar with the surroundings, be clear of vessel’s estimated position, course, speed and the potential hazards in the route. Then he must check the state of the navigational aids. He should also know the weather condition and drafts.
Before shift change, the duty sailor should inform the relieving officer 30 minutes in advance. The relieving officer should be on the bridge 15 minutes before taking over the watch. Both the relieving officer and the duty officer should sign in the logbook.
We can’t hand over the watch when the vessel is altering the course or under the situation of
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avoiding collision. The duty officer is never allowed to leave the bridge during his watch.
3. Describe the differences between navigating in a narrow channel and in a traffic separation scheme.
a) The rules in navigating in a narrow channel.
b) The rules in navigating in a traffic separation scheme. c) The major differences in terms of technical navigation.
The rules in navigating in narrow channels are described as the COLREG rule 9.
The rules in navigating in a traffic separation scheme are described as the COLREG rule 10. When passing a narrow channel, vessel should pay attention to the dangers within the channel, such as current situation, fixed navigation status and moving contact state and so on. When passing a traffic separation scheme, vessel should pay special attention to the use of the leading buoys, side-buoys and other aids to navigation.
4. Describe advantages of various tools or technologies a) The features of radar observation. b) The advantages of visual lookout.
c) The correct uses of various tools or technologies. Radar is an aid to navigation. The use of radar makes navigation in poor visibility possible. Proper use of radar can obtain early warning of risk of collision.
Visual lookout is reliable. It can assess ship’s types and heading. It can identify small targets, conspicuous marks, flashing lights, light configurations. It can see changing weather patterns, sea effect on vessel, etc. The prudent navigator masters all the techniques of coastal navigation and selects the techniques of the greatest certainty to his fixed or DR position, and always tries to reduce the uncertainty in his observations.
5. Describe the preparations to be done by the Deck Department prior to arrival. a) General introduction of the responsibilities of Deck Department in pre-arrival situation.
b) Preparations to be done prior to arrival.
Before arrival at each port, the deck officers must be familiar with the port information, sailing directions, tides, current, etc. Preparations for docking, anchoring, loading or discharging cargo must be made in advance. These include mooring line on deck fore and aft, derricks ready for handling cargo, and the necessary papers ready for the ship’s business running. 问答
1. Why is it important to sound fog signals?
In order to warn the vessels in vicinity to avoid collision in fog. 2. When would you sound the general alarm?
In case of fire and emergency.
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3. When should an OOW notify the master immediately for emergency ship-handling
or complicated navigation? Please list some.
When passing the narrow channel, in poor visibility, and in sudden failure of the engines, etc.
4. How does the OOW assess risk of collision generally?
Consider DCPA and TCPA.
5. How should the relieving officer behave in case a bridge maneuver already took
place but has not been over?
Pay special attention to ship’s position, navigational aids, navigation condition. If at night,
follow the master’s standing orders.
6. List the main items to be updated on the pilot card? The boarding time and boarding point, etc.
7. Besides the collision risks, what else should you monitor on watch in reduced
visibility?
Risk of grounding, vessel’s speed, traffic density, etc.
8. How do you know the VHF channels to be monitored when leaving port?
Make sure if the VHF is on the correct working frequency, so as to contact with others through VHF.
9. What should the Master expect from the OOW on arriving at the bridge?
The actual situation and navigation condition. 10. Who should be in attendance when a pilot is on the ladder? The third officer or the sailor on duty. 11. When would you instruct a lookout to assist you on the bridge?
When the visibility becomes poor, or in the narrow channels and heavy traffic areas. 12. What effect will the general alarm have on all the crew?
The crew should be alert on the alarm, take effective measures and go to assembly station if necessary.
13. Why is record keeping a necessary part of watch keeping? It can be used as evidence in case of accident. 14. Apart from those for navigation safety, what else should you do on an anchor
watch?
Observing rise and fall of the tide, making patrols of the ship and watching the anchor position, etc.
15. How would you conveniently check the compass‟ error in pilotage waters? BY checking the landmarks, lighthouse and nearby ships. 16. If a sailing ship is overtaking a power-driven vessel, who has the right of the way? Power-driven vessel has the right of the way.
17. A power-driven vessel is on a collision course with a fishing trawler, who has the
right of way?
Power-driven vessel has the right of the way.
18. How many meters are there in a nautical mile?
There are 1,852 meters. (One thousand eight hundred fifty two meters)
19. If you travel from Panama to New York, will your latitude increase or decrease?
My latitude will increase.
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20. How many “position lines” are needed to make a position? At least two.
21. Can you define the very important term “underway”? Yes, I can. It means that a vessel is not at anchor, or made fast to shore or aground.
22. You observe a ship, during daytime, exhibiting three balls on the same halyard.
What has happened? The ship is aground.
23. What does the abbreviation I ALA stand for? It stands for International Association of Lighthouse Authorities. 24. Is it safe to pass north of a North Mark? Yes, it is.
25. Is it safe to pass north of a South Mark? No, it isn’t.
26. Does “variation” change due to ship‟s position? Yes, it does
27. Does deviation change due to ship‟s position? No, it doesn’t.
28. When correcting charts why must you use symbols and abbreviations from chart
5011?
Because chart 5011 is the standard chart. It contains all the standard symbols and abbreviations.
29. You have purchased a new chart. Is it right ready for use? No, it isn’t.
30. What publication do you need to correct charts properly? We need to see Admiralty Notices to Mariners. 31. What course in degrees corresponds to south-east? Course on 135 degrees.
32. What is the angle between magnetic and true meridian called? Variation.
33. When can you always find information about the magnetic variation? We can find it anytime on the chart. 34. When a ship picks up speed, will draught increase or decrease? The draft will increase.
35. A ship ahead of you has hoisted the signal flag “O”, what has happened?
There is someone overboard.
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Chapter Six
口述
1. Describe the formalities before carrying out a ship‟s repair. a) The necessity f carrying out a ship‟s repair. b) The formalities before a ship‟s repair begin. c) Special attention paid to the repair.
When the ship has been in operation for a certain period of time, owing to latent defects or accidents, breakdown to machinery or damage to the hull and other structures resulting from natural causes or through human factor is bound to occur, and repairs will have to be carried out. Before ship’s repair, the chief officer and the chief engineer make up the repair lists. They consist of deck repair list, engine repair list, electric repair list and dock repair list. And they are collected by the master and reported to the company. Repair lists should be handed to the shipyard in advance and both parties should sign the agreement before repair. Items of the repair list should be absolutely correct. The content, size and repair requirements should be listed in the repair lists clearly. The supplier of the spare parts and the important equipment & parts should be noticed in the repair lists. Pay more attention to safety and fire-fighting.
2. Describe the procedures of carrying out hull maintenance. a) The preparations before carrying out hull maintenance. b) The contents of hull maintenance. c) The cautions to be taken while carrying out hull maintenance. Before maintenance, we should make out the maintenance plan, take safety precautions and prepare the riggings… Hull maintenance mainly includes hull cleaning, painting, checking and maintaining of watertight equipment, machinery on deck, cargo handling gears, fire-fighting equipment, signal equipment, accommodation equipment and so on.
When we do work aloft or overboard, or when we enter into the enclosed space, we should follow the relative regulations to ensure the safety. We should also have the sense of fire-fighting and anti-pollution when we do painting and hull maintenance.
3. Describe the procedures of carrying out an overhaul for navigational aids. a) The necessity of carrying out overhaul of navigational aids. b) The contents of the overhaul. c) The cautions to be taken.
For the safety of ship’s navigation, it is necessary to carry out an overhaul of navigational aids. Before overhaul, the items of the navigational aids to be repaired should be made out. The overhaul of navigational aids includes inspecting, dismantling, repairing, renewing, testing, refitting and so on.
During overhauling, special attention should be paid to the particulars of the equipment. The standards of the navigational aids should be up to requirements of the relevant regulations and conventions.
4. Describe the procedures of carrying out the maintenance of riggings. a) The preparations before carrying out the maintenance of riggings. b) The contents of the maintenance of riggings.
c) The cautions to be taken while carrying out the maintenance.
Before carrying out the maintenance of riggings, we should know the purpose and requirements
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well，prepare the special tools, spare parts and take safety precautions.
During the maintenance of riggings, we should check and confirm the extent of damage, dismantle, clean and oil or grease the moving parts, measure the extent/degree of the corrosion to see whether it is up to the standard.
The cautions to be taken are: First, maintenance of riggings should be done by the persons holding certificates. Second, orders for manufacturing the spare parts of riggings should be sent to the shipyard earlier if they are needed. 问答
1. Why does a ship need maintenance?
For the safety of the crew, ship and the cargo, the ship needs to be kept at all times in a well-maintained condition, maintenance work is necessary and import. 2. Who is in charge of the maintenance work?
Chief officer.
3. Can you list some type of repair?
Yes. Voyage repair, annual repair or minor repair, overhaul or major repair, and so on. 4. What is a voyage repair?
When the ship sustains damage during a voyage, she will need to undergo voyage repair. 5. What is a major repair?
In order to keep the vessel in good working condition, she needs to enter into the dock to be overhauled thoroughly every four years. Such overhaul is also known as major repair. 6. What is an annual repair? Annual repair is a kind of ship’ repair carried out once every year. It is also known as minor repair.
7. What is a repair list? Repair list is a kind of list made out by the chief officer for all the items to be repaired in the shipyard.
8. What special attention should be paid to when writing a repair list? The content, size and repair requirements should be listed in the repair lists correctly and clearly. And it should be finished in advance. 9. Can you list at least five kinds of paint? Yes. Metal primers, undercoats, top coats, heat-resistant paints, non-slip paints, varnishes. 10. Can you list some classification societies in the world?
Yes.
美国船级社ABS AMERICAN BUREAU OF SHIPPING 法国船级社BV BUREAU VERITAS 挪威船级社DNV DET NORSKE VERITAS 德国劳氏船级社GL GERMANISCHER LLOYD 韩国船级社KR KOREAN REGISTER OF SHIPPING 中国船级社CCS CHINA CLASSIFICATION SOCIETY 英国劳氏船级社LR LLOYDS REGISTER OF SHIPPING 日本船级社NK NIPPON KAIJI KYOKAI
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俄罗斯船级社 RS Russian Maritime Register of Shipping 意大利船级社 RINA
11. What kind of paint is usually given to the ship‟s bottom?
Anti-fouling paint.
12. What kind of paint is usually given to the places such as radiators, pipes and funnels?
Heat-resistant paints.
13. What kind of coating is usually applied to anchors and chains?
Bitumen.
14. What is the difference between „repair list” and “repair bill”?
Repair list is the list of the items to be repaired in the shipyard, while the repair bill is the list of all the expenses for the repaired items in the shipyard. 15. What is used to measure the thickness of hull plates? Ultrasonic instrument.
16. Could you list some different kinds of ship‟s survey?
Annual survey and overhaul survey.
17. What should be done before applying a priming coat of paint? The area must be cleaned and washed with a cleaning solution to remove all salt, dirt and oil. Loose paint and scale is removed with scraper and any heavy rust with a chipping hammer. Finally, a wire brush should be used on all bare metal to remove the last scale before the first coat of paint is applied.
18. What kind of coating is usually applied in the double bottom tanks? Cement wash.
19. What must be considered when stowing away synthetic ropes? Synthetic ropes to be used should be stowed on deck with no waves. They should be coiled clockwise or anti-clockwise and secured with small stuff, and the eye-splice at the end of synthetic ropes should be secured on the bollards.
Chapter Seven
口述
1. Describe the procedures in handling fire on board a) The alarm
b) The measures taken after the fire has been extinguished. c) Your position and function during fire-fighting. In case of fire, sound the emergency alarm and inform the bridge at once. All the crew members must be positioned properly according to the muster list.
Get the fire pumps ready; cut off power to the fire areas; close ventilators, automatic fire doors and watertight doors; check all the adjacent spaces for fire; post fire watches and cool down the surroundings.
I am the leader of the fire control team and all the hands’ action is under my instructions.
2. Describe the emergency procedures in handling ship-borne oil pollution. a) The alarm
b) Typical and detailed procedures.
c) Your position and functions during handling oil pollution.
In case of oil pollution, report it to the master at once. The master will immediately report it to
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the company. It is also reported to the maritime authorities concerned,
Meanwhile, the crew members must take immediate actions according to the shipboard oil pollution emergency plan, such as collecting oil on deck or in water, spreading absorption agent, placing booms (围油栏) around the oil slick on the water surface to prevent further spreading. The ship must wait for instructions from the maritime authorities concerned. Everything relating to oil pollution must be entered into the official logbook.
3. Describe briefly one of the cases that you have experienced or heard of as to collision, fire, flooding, or grounding.
a) The brief introduction to the story
b) Your comments on the successes of the measures. c) Your comments on the improperness of the measures.
During my voyage back to Shanghai, I saw a collision accident in the fairway. It was a sunny day and the sea was calm. I was on duty on the bridge. My ship wad proceeding into the harbor. Another container ship was proceeding outwards. There were four fishing boats astern of me, but one of them didn’t keep clear of the fairway. At first, the container ship whistled loudly to warn it of the immediate danger, but the fishing boat didn’t notice that. Several minutes later, the container ship struck the fishing boat. All the crew of the fishing boat fell overboard, and they were rescued by my ship. I think the accident was caused by the improper response and actions of the fishing boat.
4. Describe the procedures in refloating ship aground. a) The different situation of being aground b) The measures taken to refloat the ship aground c) Special attention paid to refloat the ship A ship can be aground in different situations, such as in shallow waters and in narrow channels or deviating from her route, and also for self-rescue owing to some critical situations or accidents. Once the ship is aground, sound the emergency alarm, inform the captain and the engine room, Check the situation and make sure which part is aground and what caused the grounding. Then take proper measures, such as deballasting, shifting of ballast, or jettisoning of cargo if necessary. Wait for high water if all the actions taken failed. Special attention should be paid to the safety of people, cargo and the ship. Self-rescue is very important.
5. Describe the procedures in handling cargo damages. a) Descriptions on different cargo damages, b) The general procedures for handling cargo damages. c) Special attention paid to the handling of damages. Cargo damages mainly consist of original damage (原残) and stevedores’ damage (工残) or damage by improper maintenance of the ship. According to the Charter Party, damage cargo must be surveyed on the spot, so the cargo surveyor should be called aboard to ascertain the extent of the damaged cargo. Then the cargo surveyor will determine who will be held responsible for the cargo damage. If it is the stevedores’ damage, all the expenses for the damage should be to the account of the stevedoring company. If it is the original damage, the shipper or the consignee will be contacted to discuss how to deal with it.
Special attention should be paid to the disputes of the damaged cargo. During cargo handling, always put the damaged cargo aside for further inspection. Don’t land them ashore until surveyor’s inspection is over.
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问答
1. What is your purpose to prepare the Confirmation of Collision Occurrence to the
Captain of the other vessel?
Inform the captain of the accident’s state, cause and the relevant responsibilities. 2. What shall be usually attached to the report on the collision accident?
Captain’s statement, logbook, witness’ statement, etc.
3. When should a sea protest be submitted to and endorsed by the authorities concerned?
Before the ship arrives at the first port.
4. Generally speaking, which is responsible for the damage after a collision between a
vessel moored and a vessel underway?
The vessel underway is responsible for the damage.
5. What is the sound signal to warn a vessel of the immediate danger of collision? At least 5 short blasts.
6. What actions will you take after a collision with another vessel? Certify the extent of collision and take corresponding actions, such as abandoning ship if necessary.
7. As a Chief Officer, what is your responsibility in damage control operation? The Chief officer should command, coordinate and arrange the damage control matters. 8. What does “SOPEP” mean?
It stands for Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan. 9. Whom shall be reported to in case of an oil pollution incident? The captain, company and maritime authorities concerned. 10. What‟s the first step in handling the cargo damage caused by the stevedores?
Report the damage to the charterers and/or owners. 11. What anti-stowaway precautions should you take before the vessel sails from a port? Check the whole vessel, remove the ladder, take immediate disembarkation, and make records in the logbook.
12. What is your first response when you detect a fire? Sound the fire alarm and report to the bridge. 13. What can be used to handle an oil spill? Spill control gear.
14. What are the ways to refloat a grounded vessel? Going astern; pumping out or shifting ballast water; jettisoning cargo etc. 15. Can you list some ways of correcting listing? Taking in ballast water; shifting cargo; adjusting ballast water; etc 16. What will you first do if you find some oil near your vessel while bunkering? Stop bunkering and report it to the bridge. 17. What will you do first if a crewmember was seriously injured? First aid.
18. What will you do first if your vessel is under attack by pirates? Arranging watchmen on deck, switching on radar and proceeding at full speed. If the pirates embarked, protect ourselves by means of water hoses, fire hooks and axes, and call for help by communication equipment.
19. If someone returns to the ship very drunk, should he be left alone to “sleep it off”?
No, he shouldn’t be left alone.
20. If you see a person collapsed who is in contact with electricity what is the first thing you
must do before attempting to switch off the supply?
You must find the insulation(绝缘材料) to protect yourself.
21. If you suspect someone has inhaled a dangerous substance what can you do to help even
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22.
23. 24.
25.
if you are not trained?
Move the person to a place with good ventilation.
In what circumstances do you give artificial respiration and mouth to mouth ventilation?
When both breath and palpitation(心跳) suddenly stop. How should you try to stop bleeding at first? Press the wound by your fingers or bandage it.
If you suspect someone has been poisoned what is the first thing you should try to do?
Keep him away from the poisonous area. Clean the skins and do the gastric ravage (洗胃)immediately.
What is the most important thing to consider when treating a wound? Stop bleeding and disinfection.
Chapter 8
口述
1. Describe fire precautions on board.
a) Fire protection-equipment to be checked. b) Procedures of a fire drill. c) Summary.
The third officer should be responsible for checking and maintaining various fire equipment on board. He must ensure that all fire-fighting equipment must be in good condition and ready to use at any time.
The ship has to carry out fire drills regularly as required. As per the Muster List, the chief officer should be the commander on spot, and the Master should be the General commander. According to ship’s features and practical conditions, the Master should set out a full detailed plan for the fire-fighting training course and fire-fighting equipment checking and maintaining, etc. Fire precautions are very important for the ships.
2. Describe damage control on board. a) Equipment to be checked. b) Damage control activities. c) Summary.
Damages often occur on board, such as cargo damage, ship damage, equipment damage.
The ship has to reduce various damages to the minimum. Checking is one of the most important jobs to control damages. The damage control team on board is responsible for checking the equipment, such as hatch cover, cargo space, fire-fighting/life-saving equipment.
When an accident happens, the damage control team should patrol the ship and ascertain where and what is damaged. The ship has to take proper measures to reduce the damages. Finally, the duty officer should make record in details.
3. Describe the measures taken on board if aground. a) Particulars to be clarified.
b) Actions to be taken in different situations. c) Summary.
Once aground, sound emergency alarms, inform master and engine room, stop engines, close watertight doors.
Switch VHF to channel 16. Make sound signals, switch on deck lighting.
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Ensure that bilges and tanks are sounded and drafts taken.
Check the situation and find which part is aground and what caused the grounding. Then take corresponding measures against further grounding and try to refloat the vessel: back off if bottom structure permits; prepare for deballasting, shifting of ballast, or jettisoning of cargo.
4. Describe the measures taken on board if on fire. a) Particulars to be clarified.
b) Actions to be taken in different situations. c) Summary.
If on fire, followings should be done immediately: sound the emergency alarm and notify the master; close ventilators, automatic fire doors, watertight doors; switch on deck lighting; inform all crew; inform engine room; keep pumps ready; cut off power to fire area; check all adjacent spaces for fire; post watch; use fixed system if installed; pump fire-fighting water out; treat injured personnel; prepare for salvage/towing or abandon ship. 问答
1. What kind of fire extinguishers can you use for an electric fire?
Dry powder extinguishers, CO2 and Halon extinguishers 2. What cannot be used for an electric fire? Water.
3. What are the three components of fire? They are combustible, combustion-supporting and the source of catching fire. 4. How often is a fire drill required to be carried out on cargo ships? Once a month.
5. What must you do first if you find a fire on board? Sound the fire alarm and report it to the duty officer. 6. What does the Muster List show? It shows the locations of the fire-fighting and live-saving equipment and the duties of
different crew members when the ship is in emergency. 7. What will you first do if you see a person fall overboard? Sound man-overboard alarm at once, report to the bridge, throw him a lifebuoy and rescue him aboard.
8. How often is a boat drill required to be carried out on board a cargo ship? Once a month.
9. Can you list as least three different kinds of fire extinguishers? Yes. CO2 extinguisher, foam extinguisher, dry powder extinguisher, halon extinguisher and so on.
10. In general, what parties are involved in a fire drill? The fire-fighting party, first-aid party, separation party. 11. Where should fire control plan be located? In the living quarters
12. How often will the lifeboat be launched into water? Quarterly.
13. What does “retreat signal” mean?
It means the signal to a team for ordering it to return to its base. 14. What is “general alarm signal”?
The signal for warning the crew or persons an accident occurred on board a ship, such as fire,
flooding, or a man overboard. 15. What does “fire patrol” mean?
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It means going around the ship to look for any risk of fire(rounding the vessel). 16. What is “damage control team”?
It is a group of crew organized for checking the equipment and controlling the damages to a
minimum. They ascertain where and what is damaged and take proper measures. 17. How do you check fixed installation?
By weighing the extinguisher on a properly calibrated scale. 18. Can you list two main reasons for electrical fire?
Yes, the main reasons are short circuit (短路)and the current is overloaded. 19. What is the minimum number of motor lifeboats fitted on board?
One.
20. Could you list some apparatus in an open lifeboat? Yes, pump, sail, sea anchor.
21. Would a cargo with a high “flash point” be of more concern to you than one with low
“flash point”? No, it wouldn’t.
22. What is meant by “starving” a fire? Cut off the oxygen completely.
23. Before you enter into an “enclose space”, what safety precautions should you take?
We should test the air by the oxygen indicator first, and then put on the protective cloth and breathing apparatus.
24. What is supposed to be transferred over the International Shore Connection? Firefighting water.
25. If a person who has no authority to be on board attempts to enter the ship, where
should he be stopped? At the Gangway.
26. How often should an “emergency fire pump” be tested? Half a year
27. What is the most effective fire extinguisher for the galley on board ship? CO2 extinguisher. 28. For ship at sea what is the general procedure to follow for fires in cargo holds? Sound the alarm, close the ventilation of the cargo holds, all crew except those on duty assemble at the assembly station according to Muster List, detect the fire condition, extinguish the fire.
29. What is the absolute minimum number of lifejackets required on board ship? At least one person has one lifejacket.
30. You are a survivor at sea when an SAR (Search and Rescue) aircraft drop a red
container. What is in it?
Food and drugs in emergency.
Chapter 9
1. Describe the procedures of search and rescue operations. a) The ways to transmit distress alerts.
b) The procedures for emergency responding.
c) The patterns of search and the ways to implement a SAR mission.
The ships can transmit the alert by using any distress equipment available onboard. Any unit receiving a distress message shall try their best to take immediate action to give assistance, alert other units and notify the relevant RCC.
The pattern and the ways should contain: 1) the manner of search and rescue; 2) the use of available communication systems and facilities; 3) the action to be taken jointly with other rescue
23
co-ordination centers or rescue sub-centers.
2. Describe the responses when a person falls overboard. a) The responses of the officer on watch.
b) The ship maneuvers available to man overboard responding. c) Attention to be paid in such operation.
First sound “man overboard” alarm, then notify the captain, and at the same time put the rudder fully over to the same side to swing the propeller away. Finally throw a lifebuoy to the man overboard. Then take necessary measures to make quick recovery of the survivor. Always keep the fallen man in sight, and keep him far away from ship’s quarter.
3. Describe briefly the GMDSS. a) Main objectives of GMDSS. b) The components of GMDSS. c) Main functions of GMDSS.
GMDSS refers to Global Maritime Distress and Safety System. In the system, the search and rescue authorities ashore and any units in the vicinity of the ship in distress, will be rapidly alerted. In such a way they can provide their assistance in a coordinated search and rescue operation without delay.
GMDSS consists of A station, C station, SART, EPIRB, VHF and so on. There are two communication systems in it. One is satellite communication system, and the other is terrestrial communication system.
GMDSS can transmit and receive ship-to-shore, shore-to-ship distress alerts, SAR communications, general radio communications, on-scene communications, maritime safety information and so on.
4. Describe briefly the DSC distress alert. a) The function of DSC. b) The format of a distress alert. c) Summary.
DSC refers to the digital selective calling. It is mainly used for transmitting and relaying distress alerts. It is the system used for calling a particular ship, coast station, a selected group of ships, a group of ships with the same group calling number or all ships. The format of a distress alert is as follow: 1) format style(格式符)DISTRESS; 2) self-identification(自识别); 3) the nature of the distress falls on the following: fire, explosion, flooding, collision; 4) distress co-ordinates 遇险坐标; 5) time; 6) type of subsequent communication 随后通信方式.
DSC provides automated access to coast stations and ships. 问答
1. What does “initial course” mean in search and rescue operation?
It means the course directed by OSC or CSS to be steered at the beginning of the search. 2. What does “jettison of cargo” mean?
It means the action to deliberately throw cargo overboard. 3. What‟s the difference between “heel” and “list”?
Their most difference is that list may cause the ship in danger of sinking while heel may cause the ship in danger of capsizing. 4. What does “EPIRB” stand for?
It stands for Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon.
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5. What does “SAR” stand for?
It stands for Search and Rescue. 6. What is INMARSAT short for?
It is short for International Maritime Satellite Organization. 7. What does UTC stand for?
It stands for Universal Time of Coordination. 8. What does RCC stand for?
It stands for Rescue Coordination Centre. 9. What is SART?
SART is short for Search and Rescue Radar Transponder. 10. Can you list three or more search patterns?
Yes, sector search, extending search, parallel search, ship and helicopter coordinated search. 11. What does “a hampered vessel” mean?
A hampered vessel means a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver by the nature of her work.
12. What does MMSI stand for?
It stands for Maritime Mobile Signal Identification. 13. What is “Muster List”?
Muster List specifies details of the general emergency alarm and public address system, and also the action to be taken by crew members when this alarm is sounded. 14. What does OSC stand for?
It stands for On-Scene Commander. 15. What does VHF stand for? Very high frequency.
16. What is the sound alarm for abandoning vessel? Seven short blasts and one prolonged blast. 17. When will a parallel sweep search pattern usually be used? Two or two more rescue boats are in searching. 18. When will a sector pattern usually be used? There is only one rescue boat. 19. When will the expanding square search usually be used? There is only one rescue boat. 20. List some visual and audible distress signals for attracting attention when in distress. Rocket parachute flares/Hand flares/Buoyant smoke signal. Continuously sounding fog horn/Gun fired at intervals of 1 minute.
21. Would you please pronounce the correct international code words for „A‟, „B‟, „C‟ and „D‟? Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta.
22. By regulation, what is the minimum amount of water required per person in the
lifeboat? 3 liter per person.
23. „Smothering‟ is a way of dealing with fire. How does it work?
Separate the oxygen of the combustion-supporting from the flammable substance. (把燃烧物与助燃物的氧气隔开)
24. What reason would you think is justified for postponing the fire drill to a more suitable
time? When the vessel navigates in heavy traffic area or encounters rough sea.
25. A ship anchored close to your ship hoists the flag „I‟ what action should you take? The ship will alter her course to starboard.
26. What altitude must a „rocket parachute flare‟ reach to comply with regulation? It should reach an altitude of not less than 300 meters.
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27. What action would you take if you were on duty on deck and you observe oil leaking
from the ship‟s side?
Sound the oil spill signal. Call all the crew to go to the muster station to assign the tasks according to the emergency list for shipboard oil spillage(溢油部署表). 28. When would you need a „resuscitator‟? When a person loses his consciousness.
29. A ship ahead hoists the flag „D‟ and gives one long blast followed by two short blasts.
What is the message? It means that the ship ahead is restricted in her ability to maneuver. 30. What does 2182 kHz mean to you? It means a radio telephone frequency used for distress communication.
Chapter 10
口述
1. Send a Mayday message according to the given information: a) Ship‟s name: Blue Whale. b) Call-sign: WXCP. c) Distress Position: 47 °04‟N, 50°08‟W. d) Nature of distress suffered: being on fire after explosion in the engine room. e) Assistance required: fire-fighting assistance. Mayday, Mayday, Mayday. This is Blue Whale, Blue Whale, Blue Whale. (Mayday, Blue Whale.) My call sign is Whiskey-X-Ray-Charlie-Papa. I am on fire after explosion in the engine room. My position is (Latitude) four seven degrees zero four minutes north, (Longitude) zero five zero degrees zero eight minutes west. I require immediate fire-fighting assistance. Over.
2. Send a Mayday message according to the given information: a) Ship‟s name: South Pacific. b) Call-sign: NOPE. c) Distress position: 22°04‟N, 127°08‟E.
d) Nature of distress suffered: Grounded on the bow. e) Assistance required: tug assistance.
Mayday, Mayday, Mayday. This is South Pacific, South Pacific, South Pacific.. (Mayday, South Pacific.) My call sign is November-Oscar-Papa-Echo. I am aground on the bow. My position is (Latitude) two two degrees zero four minutes north, (Longitude) one two seven degrees zero eight minutes west. I require immediate tug assistance. Over.
3. Send a PAN-PAN message according to the given information: a) Ship‟s name: White Snow. b) Call-sign: ALMI. c) Distress Position: 22°04‟N, 127°08‟E.
d) Nature of distress suffered: breakdown of main engine. e) Assistance required: tug assistance.
Pan-pan, Pan-pan, Pan-pan. This is White Snow, White Snow, White Snow. (Pan-pan, White Snow.) My call sign is Alfa-Lima-Mike-India. My main engine is broken down. My position is (Latitude) two two degrees zero four minutes north, (Longitude) one two seven degrees zero eight minutes west. I require immediate tug assistance.
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Over.
4. Send a PAN-PAN message according to the given information: a) Ship‟s name: Blue Sea. b) Call-sign: BERN. c) Distress position: 22°04‟N, 127°08‟E.
d) Nature of distress suffered: breakdown of steering gears. e) Assistance required: convoy.
Pan-pan, Pan-pan, Pan-pan. This is Blue Sea, Blue Sea, Blue Sea. (Pan-pan, Blue Sea) My call sign is Bravo-Echo-Romeu-November. My steering gear is broken down. My position is (Latitude) two two degrees zero four minutes north, (Longitude) one two seven degrees zero eight minutes west. I require immediate convoy assistance. Over.
5. Give instructions on how to embark and behave in lifeboats or life-rafts. a) Attention to be paid before entering. b) Attention to be paid while entering. c) Attention to be paid after entering
Two men board on the boat first. They slacken away life-rope, block up the bottom plug, swing on the manual-handle to make the falls tight, remove the safety pin and the manual-handle from the davit carefully.
Then pull up the brake handle. When boat-fall tight, stop lowering the boat down. After embarking, let go all lines including painter and drive the boat away from the ship quickly.
6. Give briefing on how to respond to emergency signals for boat drills. a) Items to be taken. b) Clothing to be put on. c) Other work to be done. Disaster at sea is almost sudden and devastating. The safest means of escape is by lifeboats. International regulations state that every crewmember must take part in at least one boat drill every month. The drill must be practiced in a realistic way as part of the vessel’s safety management system. The correct and quick response to the boat drill means to save your life or reduce danger and damage to the minimum. When hearing the emergency alarm for boat drill, all crew members must put on their protective clothes, take their life-saving equipment, and muster on the designated boat deck immediately. Then the head of the lifeboat should have the roll call and brief the duties to ensue that everyone is clear about his duty. They should wait for further instructions from the master. Everyone must observe instructions and take proper actions according to the Muster List. 问答
1. What does MAYDAY calling mean in marine communications? It means the ship has a distress message to send out. 2. What should be included in MAYDAY messages?
The name, call sign and position of the ship, the nature of distress, and the type of assistance required.
3. What does PAN-PAN calling mean in marine communications?
It means the ship has an urgent message to send out.
4. What does SECURITE calling mean in marine communications?
It means the ship has message concerning safety of the ship to send out.
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5. What are passengers advised to put on while abandoning the vessel? Lifejackets.
6. What is the general emergency alarm?
General emergency alarm is a kind emergency signal which should be sounded in case of fire, life-saving, abandoning ship and so on.
7. Can you give a briefing on how to put on lifejackets?
Pull the lifejacket over your head, tighten the strings well, and then pull the strings around your waist and tie in front.
8. What can be used to attract attention after abandoning the vessel?
Sending out the audio or visual signals by means of EPIRB or hand flares. 9. How many portable radios must be fitted on a survival craft?
Only one portable radio (must be fitted on a survival craft).
10. What is the minimum requirement for a line-throwing appliance? Each line-throwing appliance should have four projectiles and can carry the line at least 230 meters in calm water.
11. If you should fall overboard, what would you do? Keep physical strength and wait for rescue.
12. Can you list some risks to crew while abandoning vessels? The risks of not clear of the ship in time, bad weather, short of water and food, etc. 13. Where are explosions most commonly encountered on board ship? Engine room, pump room, paint locker or the holds containing inflammable cargo. 14. How is it possible to find safety equipment in a room full of smoke? The person should take an electric torch and wear a breathing apparatus or wet towel on his mouth.
15. What type of oil is used in certain rescue operations to prevent seas breaking? Storm oil.（镇浪油）
16. Coastal radio stations keep a constant watch on distress frequencies. What frequencies are they? 2182 KHz. 17. A ship is signaling you with his „Aldis Lamp‟ (Morse lamp) the letter „U‟. What is the
message for you?
The message for me is: “You are running into ganger.”
18. When launching an inflatable life raft into the sea, what is it the most important to
rescue?
The people on board.
19. What type of engine does a lifeboat have? The diesel engine.
20. Why should you not take high protein food with you in a lifeboat? Because high protein food will consume a large amount of water. 21. If you are in a lifeboat without an imminent prospect of being rescued, how soon should you issue food and water?
The food and water will be issued in 24 hours.
22. When there is a muster for an emergency there are several things that must be closed.
Give three examples.
Close ventilation system, Water-tight doors & windows, the skylight of the engine room. 23. In tidal waters what would be the best time to „beach‟ the ship in an emergency?
The spring tide or high water.
24. If you see a small, controlled fire on board anther ship while at sea, what is the signal
from the ship? The fire alarm.
25. What should be done to make sure the medicines are on board each lifeboat?
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The 3rd officer takes charge of checking if there is a first aid outfit on the lifeboat, he should also make sure the medicines in the first aid outfit are enough and within the term of validity. 26. If you have no rockets, flags, signals or radio, how can you indicate to a ship in sight
that you need assistance?
Use all the available means that can attract attention, such as burning in the boat bucket, moving your both arms horizontally and so on.
27. If the anchor is reported dragging, what would be your first action?
Inform the bridge and engine room. Ease more cables to increase the grabbing power. Let go another anchor if necessary.
Chapter 11
口述
1. Please describe the outline of Port State Control? a) The typical procedures.
b) The actions to be taken when deficiencies are found. c) Attention to be paid during inspections. PSC is the inspection of the foreign ships. It is to ensure that the ships are seaworthy and do not cause pollution risk.
The PSC inspector will board the targeted ship and carry out the inspection. The inspection items focus on the followings: the related certificates and documents, the navigational equipment, nautical publications, fire-fighting and life-saving appliances, cargo spaces, the accommodation areas, MARPOL & chemical items, hull, machinery & cargo gears and so on. Paris MOU and Tokyo MOU can be referred to as the standard. If some minor deficiencies are found on board a ship, the ship will be asked to get them rectified. But if serious deficiencies are found, it may be detained. The detention of a ship will influence the qualification of the shipping company and will cause great loss of economy. Always greet the PSCO officers warmly and give them a good cooperation.
2. Please describe the preparatory work or the daily maintenance work to be done by you before a PSC inspection.
a) Your daily maintenance work.
b) Preparatory work before PSC inspection. c) Some successful experiences.
As a third officer, I should always maintain the fire-fighting and life-saving equipment in good working condition. They must be ready for use at any time; I should keep the original Muster List and Instructions in the chart room and some copies posted in the engine room and public areas as well. And the fire control plan is posted in the corridor on every floor. The markings and symbols requested by IMO must be posted correctly. Before PSC inspection, I should recheck all the above items. Every one must be clear about the location of fire-fighting and life-saving equipment and duties assigned. Always greet the PSCO officers warmly and give them a good cooperation.
3. Please describe a story of your success in passing through PSC inspection. a) The general scenario. b) The actions taken by you. c) Some successful experiences.
Last voyage, my ship called at the port of Long Beach, USA. The captain received the PSC officers in the saloon.
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Before we arrived at the port, we had a thorough inspection of the ship according to the relevant international regulations and FRC (Code of Federal Regulation).
First, the PSC officer inspected the original Muster List and Emergency Instructions. Then he checked the CO2 fire extinguishers, the foam extinguishers, and dry powder extinguishers. Finally, he checked the firemen’s outfits, the breathing apparatus, the immersion suits and other life-saving equipment. Thanks to God, the PSC officer was satisfied with our work.
My successful experience is due to our emphasis on the daily maintenance of the ship’s equipment and every one is clear about his duty as well.
4. Make a comparison between different ports in different states. a) The difference in procedure.
b) The difference in assessing risks or targeting factors. c) The difference in key inspection items.
At present, PSC inspection is extensively carried out on ships.
USCG (United States Coast Guard) lays special emphasis on the oil pollution preventing equipment, crew’s capability (especially that in fire fighting and life saving activities); AMSA (Australian Maritime Safely Authority) gives much thought to the structure deficiencies, such as structure corrosion, crack and leakage; members of Paris MOU pay great attention to the safety equipment, the cleanness and good condition of the working places and oil pollution preventing equipment and system; member states of Tokyo MOU usually focus on life-saving and fire-fighting equipment, but they are rather particular in their work, and can often find many minor deficiencies.
5. Describe ISM inspection based on the PSC inspection regine. a) The typical procedures. b) Particular items to be checked in PSC inspection. c) Attention to be paid during the inspection. The purpose of ISM Code is to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life, and avoidance of damage to the marine environment. The PSCO officers tend to examine the copy of the Document of Compliance (DOC), the Safety Management Certificate (SMC) and so on.
Deficiencies in the Safety Management System should be recorded in the PCSO officers’ inspection report. The port state authority should inform the flag state of the deficiencies found in the SMS. The identified major non-conformity deficiencies have to be rectified before sailing.
6. Describe the requirements of the Muster List. a) What the Must List shows. b) What the Must List specifies. c) What the PSCO checks.
Muster List specifies details of the general emergency alarm and public address system, and also the action to be taken by crew members when this alarm is sounded.
Muster List shows the locations of the fire-fighting and live-saving equipment, and the duties assigned to different crew members .They include: 1) closing the watertight doors, fire doors, valves, scuppers, side scuttles, skylights, and other similar openings in the ship; 2) equipping the survival craft and other life-saving appliances; 3) preparing and launching the survival craft; 4) manning the fire parties to deal with fires and so on.
问答
1. Can you list some items to be checked for load line requirements in PSC inspections?
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