Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the ward or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in you ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage only once.
Modern thieves do more than take your money, personal property and valuables. These days they can ____(1)____. By pretending to be you, a thief can order ____(2)____ and run up massive debt in your name. They will get to enjoy the expensive purchases, and you will be left holding the bill.
Criminals seek out ____(3)____ that they can use to pretend to be you. This includes credit card numbers, ____(4)____ and private data. One of the easiest ways for them to do this is by going through your garbage and pulling out any relevant mail. A thief can pick up a credit card offer and order it to be sent to ____(5)____. Once the card arrives, they activate it, run up ____(6)____and move on. The credit card company will attempt to reach the person they believe to be you at the new location, and when that fails they will contact you directly. ____(7)____ to avoid this is to make sure no one has access to personal information about you. At the least you should ____(8)____ that has any relevant data on it. Better yet, ____(9)____ so there is no way they can be taped back together. A quick fix job will allow a thief to have the information they need to steal your identity.
Anytime you ____(10)____, make sure you have mail delivery stopped until you return. Even if you shred your mail like clockwork, if a criminal can get to it before you do they can ____(11)____ they need without you knowing until it is too late.
Most ____(12)____ have secure methods for their customers to purchase products using a credit card, but there are thousands of other sites that ____(13)____. Make sure that you only provide personal information on websites that you trust completely. Similarly, never give out credit card or ____(14)____. A person who claims they are calling from an online store to ask you for information to ____(15)____ may actually be a hacker who got your private data online.
A thief will send you an email telling you to log on to a well known website for an important reason. It may be to confirm or deny a transaction, to review a ____(16)____ or some other call to action. A convenient link is provided for you to click on to be taken directly to the log in page. Once you arrive, you type in ____(17)____ like always. Trouble is, the site you just logged on to is a fake. It is a page designed to look exactly like the real thing, but it is ____(18)____ of the criminals who created it. Now they have your log in information and can use it to get your credit card numbers and other private details ____(19)____.
Stay alert to the new and devious tactics thieves use to steal not only your belongings, but also your identity. ____(20)____ before you put them in the trash, make sure you only log in to the home page of any website and don't let criminals steal your good name. Part B: Listening Comprehension
Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken only once. Now listen care fully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.
1. (A) In the professor’s home. (B) In the professor’s office. (C) In the classroom. (D) In the school library.
1. (A) Children always have the same accents as their mothers. (B) Most adult language learners can lose their accents. (C) Students don’t usually learn their classmates’ accents.
(D) There will be big misunderstandings if you speak with accents.
1. (A) He used the wrong stress. (B) He used the wrong intonation. (C) He misunderstood the word.
(D) He spoke the word with a very different accent.
1. (A) Australian. (B) British. (C) Indian. (D) South African.
1. (A) To drop the pronunciation class. (B) To sign up for a listening / speaking class.
(C) To check in the library the schedule for the new semester. (D) To wait to make a decision about the pronunciation class.
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.
1. (A) Because of the accumulation of funds in the real estate market. (B) Because of the rising house prices and government budget deficits. (C) Because of the resignation of the Finance Minister Gorden Brown. (D) Because of the increase in the number of the houses being sold.
1. (A) Business confidence will probably remain unchanged for the next year. (B) Business confidence was the highest in May since April 2001.
(C) Published National indexes show confidence unchanged in Germany and Italy and falling in France.
(D) The index of confidence may have stayed at plus 5, the highest in 3 years.
8. (A) They will deliver solid earning results this year. (B) They will break even at the end of this year.
(C) They posted another year of losses due to bad loan write-offs. (D) They reported mixed results for the year ended March 31.
9. (A) 50. (B) 100. (C) 150. (D) 200.
10. (A) A Korean patrol boat operated illegally in Japanese waters.
(B) A Korean fishing vessel overturned and the captain was fatally wounded. (C) A Japanese Coast Guard patrol boat fired teargas grenades at a Korean fishing
vessel.
(D) A Japanese fishing vessel was repeatedly ordered to stop operating in Korean waters.
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview. 11. (A) Because the usage of the Internet is widespread now. (B) Because Internet addiction is growing on college campuses.
(C) Because the computer is accessible to everyone on college campuses. (D) Because Internet addiction is less harmful than other addictions. 12. (A) She cannot go to sleep without surfing on the Net first.
(B) She and other people are surfing on the Net in the middle of the night. (C) She doesn’t know when her Internet compulsiveness is turning into an addiction. (D) She isn’t sure the exact amount of time is really the issue.
13. (A) People’s work performance and school performance may be affected. (B) People may lose social skills that make face-to-face relationships successful. (C) People may be cheated by those with false identities.
(D) People may have no time for taking walks and other leisure activities. 14. (A) Work performance. (B) School performance. (C) Relationships. (D) Mental health.
15. (A) Practice self-discipline. (B) Have some sort of balance in life. (C) Set an alarm clock.
(D) Act upon your friend’s advice.
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.
16. (A) In the late 1940s. (B) In the early 1950s. (C) In the late 1950s. (D) In the early 1960s.
17. (A) Abstract Expressionism.
(B) The artistic movement that immediately preceded it. (C) The internal struggles of the individual artists.
(D) Mass-produced visual media and the design of common household objects.
18. (A) Abstract Expressionism was a very personal art.
(B) Abstract Expressionism was more easily accessible to the masses than Pop Art. (C) Abstract Expressionism reflected a direct relationship to the actual world. (D) Abstract Expressionism was a little bit influenced by Pop Art.
19. (A) To direct art from the personalities of the individual artists towards the world. (B) To impose a unified symbolic meaning on his collection of materials. (C) To concentrate less on the objects and more on the images he found. (D) To set the stage for further development in Pop Art.
20. (A) Because their use of found objects and images from everyday life was innovative. (B) Because they believed that these images reflected the cultural values of contemporary society.
(C) Because they used everyday objects found on the street as the material for their art. (D) Because they combined and repeated images from print media to make one single artwork.
SECTION 2: READING TEST (30 minutes)
Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen inthe corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
Questions 1～5
Gail Pasterczyk, the principal of Indian Pines Elementary in Palm Beach County, Fla., has added two or three new teaching positions each of the past three years. She's adding two more teachers next year as well as replacing those she'll lose to maternity leave, transfers, and retirement. She doesn't know where the new teachers will come from, if the new hires will be any good, and where she'll find room for all of them. Indian Pines already has 27 portable classrooms and is waiting to break ground on a two-story, 25-classroom addition. \"When you start reducing class size, you've got to find more teachers, and you run out of space,\" she says. \"That's the reality.\" Her school district, one of the nation's largest, has sent recruiters across the country, and even to Mexico and the Philippines, to fill an expected 1,700 teaching vacancies before the fall. \"We are in a race to keep the schools staffed,\" says Robert Pinkos, a Palm Beach County recruiter who will travel to Baltimore and Madrid next month to troll for teachers.
Two and a half years after Florida voters adopted a constitutional amendment to reduce class sizes, Palm Beach County--and every other school district in the state--are tripping over a major stumbling block: There just aren't enough good teachers to go around. With classes in kindergarten through third grade capped at 18 students, fourth through eighth held at 22, and high school limited to 25, the state will need to hire an estimated 29,604 new teachers by 2009--a prospect that has many people worried. \"I have every reason to expect that the quality of teachers will suffer,\" says John Winn, the state's education commissioner.
Nationwide, 33 states now have laws that restrict class size. And the politically popular educational reform has proved successful in some areas, particularly among the lowest-performing students. In Burke County, N.C., for example, discipline problems are down and test scores are up, even for the most disadvantaged students in the district. \"On paper these kids should not be succeeding, but they are,\" says Susan Wilson, a former teacher and now director of elementary education in the rural county.
But this success comes at a price. It means hiring more teachers, building more classrooms, and retraining teachers to work with smaller groups of students. And it means, critics maintain, that states pit their own districts against one another in the race to hire. \"When you mandate class-size reduction statewide, the suburban schools tend to draw the best new teachers, and the more urban schools, which already have trouble attracting teachers, can't attract the best candidates,\" says Steven Rivkin, an economics professor at Amherst College who has studied the effects of class-size reduction on teacher quality. Any gains from cutting class size could be undermined by hiring lower quality teachers.
Resources. Proponents contend that the reform would be relatively pain-less if existing resources were managed well. \"Hiring more teachers is only part of the solution,\" says Charles Achilles, one of the first researchers to study the effects of reducing class sizes. \"The best programs for class-size reduction not only hire more teachers but reassign existing specialty teachers to get them back in the classroom.\"
Florida policymakers are trying to find their own way out of the class-size quandary. This month, the Legislature is considering a proposal to roll back some of the size limits in exchange for an increase in teacher pay. Gov. Jeb Bush, who opposed the constitutional amendment in 2002, argues that the compromise will attract more top-quality teachers to the state while reining in costs. Voters could see the proposed change on the ballot as early as September. In the meantime, recruiter Pinkos continues his search for new teachers, sometimes working 10-hour days. His pitch? \"Palm Beach is very beautiful, but the small classes are one of the most attractive things I can tell them.\"
1. In describing the results of the new constitutional amendment to reduce class size, the a
uthor comments:\" Palm Beach County--and every other school district in the state--are tripping over a major stumbling block…\" to imply ___.
1. the education authorities will trip to Mexico and the Philippines for new teachers
2. there will be problems of placing redundant teachers 3. quality of teachers will probably go down
4. students are likely get more sophisticated education in smaller class
2. \"On paper these kids should not be succeeding, but they are\" implies ___.
1. reducing class sizes has more posive effects than negative ones.
2. reducing class sizes does achieve satisfactory effects on disadvantageous students
3. smaller class prevent the children from failing in tests
4. smaller class works best for students with lacklustre performance
3. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
1. Class size reduction increases difficulty to hire teachers in affluent districts. 2. Cutting class sizes is no better than reassigning existing specialty teachers. 3. If urban school cannot hire enough teachers, they can hire specialty teachers. 4. Generally speaking, vicious competing for teachers will counterbalance the positiv
e effects of smaller classes.
4. \"Qandary\" (para.6) is closest to ___.
1. dilemma 2. polemic 3. enigma 4. hoodwink
5. What is the main idea of the passage?
1. Means to enhance comprehensive education in U.S. 2. Pros and cons of cutting class sizes in U.S. 3. American students could receive better schooling. 4. Variants in rural education
Questions 6～10
It's been about an hour since Bloomberg employees were introduced to Andrew Lack, the former NBC News chief and Bloomberg's newly appointed CEO of multimedia. Lack and Chief Content Officer Norman Pearlstine and Bloomberg News Editor-in-Chief Matthew Winkler are chummy and spirited during an interview at Bloomberg's imposing headquarters. But in keeping with the company's reputation for near-martial discipline, they do not reveal Bloomberg's master plan for expanding its media operations in fulsome detail; much of the plan, Pearlstine says, remains a work in progress. Still, multiple interviews nonetheless provided several crucial clues to what looms at one of the last news organizations with swelling ambition.
You can feel a little like a weatherman in Greenland if you track media today: Both jobs entail watching big icebergs melt, and quickly. Bloomberg stays sturdy because, at heart, it's not really a media business in any familiar sense. It gets the overwhelming majority of its revenues from its Bloomberg terminals, which subscribers now rent for $1,500 a month and up. A quick analysis of internal company data suggests that last year, Bloomberg's media segment accounted for significantly less than 10% of the company's estimated $5.4 billion in overall revenue. (Executives at the privately held company declined to comment on the media unit's revenues and profitability.) But Bloomberg's media operations employ a lot of bodies, and they're spread far and wide. Bloomberg has 220 staffers in Japan. Its wire services employ 1,500 people worldwide, with an additional 800 working in the TV operations. The default setting for media companies today is \"retreat\" as revenues fall fast, but that's not Bloomberg's reality. Thus, its executives think big. \"We see the potential for significant growth from where we are today—we're talking a several-times increase in revenues over the course of the next four to five years,\" says Bloomberg President Dan Doctoroff. \"We have the pieces...to create something new and different.\"
Still, Bloomberg's initial moves are likely to shore up what's already in place. Lack was hired in no small part to revamp Bloomberg's TV operation, which, Doctoroff says, has \"not been what it should be.\" Bloomberg's cable channel is sometimes forgotten in the new CNBC/Fox Business Network dichotomy, but it currently reaches about 58 million U.S. homes. Doctoroff says that could swell to 70 million in '09. CNBC, for which I am an on-air contributor, is in more than 90 million U.S. homes. Fox Business Network reaches around 43 million. (CNBC has a much bigger lead over Bloomberg in reaching non-U.S. households.)
Next year also will bring major changes to the exceedingly prosaic Bloomberg.com, to make it more friendly to those who don't spend their days intravenously connected to a Bloomberg terminal. Doctoroff says such changes will be visible in the first half of the year. He also suggests that attenuated staffing at newspapers could mean opportunity, though it's hard for me to imagine Bloomberg churning out stories about local businesses in second-tier U.S. markets.
And, interestingly, \"we're looking at potential acquisitions,\" says Pearlstine. \"We're just sort of saying: 'Hey, we're looking for good ideas.' \" This is a new notion for Bloomberg, which to date has exclusively generated its own media properties. Doctoroff refused to comment on specific acquisitions, and outside executives familiar with the deal markets find it hard to believe Bloomberg would go into anything big. (Before this rumor gets resurrected again, let's knock it down: Michael Blo
omberg has disavowed interest in a bid for The New York Times, which another mayoral campaign would complicate in any event.)
In truth, there's a complex calculus to any possible Bloomberg deals. The company is likely to want any media add-on to feed its massive terminal business as well. No matter what media moves Bloomberg makes in the next few years, that business will remain king. But maybe the changes will make Bloomberg's media operations its jack, if not exactly its queen.
1. What does the author mean by commenting \"You can feel a little like a weatherman in
Greenland if you track media today\"?
2. Bloomberg confronts the difficulty of being forced to slash its operation bodies all over th
e world.
3. Bloomberg focuses on environmental reporting lately. 4. The whole media industry is in danger of revenue meltdown.
5. Bloomberg is an exception of traditional media and that's why it looks jubilant. 6. \"Shore up\" (para.4) is most probably mean___ 7. Prop up 8. Pent up 9. Pull off 10. Shake up
11. When Bloomberg President Dan Doctoroff says \" (it has)… not been what it should be\
he means___.
12. he is not flattered by what Bloomberg had earned in cable channel in previous years 13. Bloomberg is breaking the monoply of CNBC/Fox and promises bigger market share. 14. Bloomberg is now working on new plans on TV operation. 15. Bloomberg tries to expand their business to non-U.S. households.
16. Which of the following expression is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
17. Bloomberg policy makers displayed quite a few critical details about the company's near f
uture plan.
18. Not everybody gives promise to Bloombergs positive anticipation.
19. Although overall slump looms the media industry, Bloomberg remain confident and aggres
sive in its policies.
20. Bloomberg is bettering its webiste in order to attract more users. 21. What does the last sentence mean?
22. Bloomberg is most likely to get its business boom in the next years. 23. Bloomberg will possibly suffer a huge loss in its moves. 24. Bloomberg will monopolize the whole industry. 25. No one can be sure where bloomberg is heading.
Questions 11～15
It has been a lousy few years for much of the media, and 2008 has offered no respite. But to quote the hideous '70s band Bachman Turner Overdrive, b-b-b-baby, you just ain't see n-n-nothing yet.
Because on top of the wrenching change affecting essentially every non- online media, here comes a very scary-looking economic downturn.
Think of the recession, says Barclays analyst Anthony DiClemente, \"as a vine growing up a wall. Except instead of a healthy vine, like at Wrigley [Field], it's like—'feed me, Seymour'—from The Little Shop of Horrors.\"
Forgive the surfeit of pop-culture jokes. I'm only trying to inject levity into an extremely grim picture. According to ad tracker TNS Media Intelligence, which provided all such figures for this column, automotive and financial services were the No. 1 and No. 3 U.S. ad categories last year. We all know what happened to the latter in recent months. In 2007, Merrill Lynch, Lehman Brothers, Bear Stearns, and Washington Mutual spent $213.1 million on advertising. Even if those companies' new owners spend something to reassure old customers, you're likely looking at a nine-figure sum sucked out of the ad marketplace by those guys alone. And when major carmakers report sales drops of 30%, boffo ad buys do not follow. Ford Motor's ad spending was down over 31% for the first half of this year. Car sales' slide has accelerated since. In case you're wondering, the No. 2 ad category was retail, which is now under severe pressure as consumers spend less. The consequences of all this contraction are readily apparent when you talk to key media executives. Magazines sell ads long before they appear, and advertisers already are making noises about cutting back in the first half of 2009, says one senior executive in that industry. \"Everyone says they are going to keep advertising in a downturn,\" says another executive, who has run major sales organizations in different media. \"But not everyone actually does it. That's just the reality of having to report earnings and profits.\" And while the wealthiest consumer may remain relatively untouched, those who have recently traded up to high-end products may slam the brakes on such consumption, raising chances that luxury advertisers will be affected, too. Food looks more likely to stay stable. One mordant TV executive puts it this way: \"The auto industry is out. And Campbell's Soup is in.\"
How the dollars flow—or rather don't flow—in any downturn can shape events in ways obscured until much later. As strange as it sounds today, the tech bust that started in 2000 meant that total dollars spent on online display advertising declined 21% between 2001 and 2002. And as strange as it sounds today, many established media organizations used that decline as a rationale for deemphasizing the Web in favor of their traditional businesses—and underinvestment allowed all manner of Web-only startups to outflank them in the one medium that's still growing. While online display ads will still be up in '09, says BMO Capital Markets analyst Leland Westerfield, that growth rate will likely slow. Look for search advertising to hold up, so Google should be hurt the least. Elsewhere, Barclay's DiClemente suggests, the slowdown's effects will move up a media ladder of sorts, starting with newspapers, magazines, radio, local TV, and then hitting broadcast and—possibly—cable TV. There's a \"high probability,\" he says, that the \"advertising malaise spreads to network TV\"—the one long-running medium that's held steadiest as others have fallen off.
DiClemente is forecasting a 5.5% pullback in ad spending next year, with only Web and cable TV posting ad upticks. It may be hard to conjure a scenario worse than today's, given what radio, local TV, and newspapers are currently experiencing. This has been a year, in which many unthinkable things have happened— newspaper executives, for instance, mulling which days of the week
they won't publish. But the coming downturn means that what once was unthinkable ... well, you better start thinking it.
1. Why does the author begin the article with '70s band Bachman Turner Overdrive? 2. To cite a lousy example.
3. To display the main idea of the article. 4. To exempllify the gist as following. 5. To show the overtone of irony.
6. What does the sentence \"I'm only trying to inject levity into an extremely grim picture.\"
(para. 4) imply?
7. Along with the economic downturn, less money will be sucked out of the ad marketplace
s.
8. Jokes can relieve tension on ad industry.
9. Car industry will put less money on advertisements.
10. Financial services are speanding less to reassure old customers.
11. TV executive says: \"The auto industry is out. And Campbell's Soup is in.\because___. 12. Cash-rich consumers will remain untouched in sluggish economy. 13. People will pay more attention on food than automobiles.
14. Luxuries will lose some of the buyers while necessities of existence still cover big market
share.
15. Ad industry should pay more attention to ordinary people's life.
16. What does the word \"rationale\" in the sentence \"many established media organizations us
ed that decline as a rationale for deemphasizing the Web in favor of their traditional businesses\" mean? 17. Decrease 18. Excuse 19. Opportunity 20. Challenge
21. Why does the author say Google should be hurt the least? 22. Because Google shows the strongest profit-making trend. 23. Because Google does search advertising business.
24. Because search advertising is the only medium outrunning traditional ones. 25. Because search advertising will attract more investment.
Questions 16～20
UNDER a grey sky on October 27th, Larry Bowoto provided an improbable splash of colour in his Nigerian agbada gown before the federal courthouse in San Francisco. He is the lead plaintiff in a case against Chevron, an oil giant based in California, over something that happened in May 1998 on a platform operated by Chevron’s Nigerian subsidiary, nine miles off the Niger Delta. A group of more than 100 people, including Mr Bowoto, took over the platform for three days to protest against what Chevron was doing in the delta. The protest ended when Nigerian troops arrived and shot at the protesters, killing two. Mr Bowoto was injured and is now suing for damages.
Bowoto v Chevron is likely to test how the American legal system can be applied to human rights
in other countries. The civil suit is being brought under the 1789 Alien Tort Claims Act, one of America’s oldest laws (it was signed by George Washington). The act allows foreigners to bring civil cases before American courts arising from violations of law or treaty anywhere in the world. It was invoked just twice before 1980, when it was used by a victim of state repression in Paraguay. Since then the act has been invoked in around 100 cases. In 1993 a case against Radovan Karadzic for crimes against humanity in Bosnia broadened its applicability to non-state actors. In 1996 a group of Burmese villagers brought a suit against Unocal, another oil company (subsequently bought by Chevron), over the use of forced labour by Burmese soldiers guarding the route of a gas pipeline. The case was settled in 2004.
Opponents of the use of the Alien Tort Claims Act to sue companies for alleged human-rights violations associated with their operations include the Bush administration and many companies. They fear it could unleash a flood of suits and interfere with foreign policy. Proponents argue that international law has evolved since 1789, and now encompasses well-defined human rights that fall squarely within the act’s simple wording. In 2004 America’s Supreme Court affirmed that the act applied to violations of modern international laws as well as older ones, but its ruling left doubts about corporate cases. “It’s still a question of whether aiding and abetting is sufficient [to bring a case],” says William Dodge, a professor at the University of California’s Hastings College of the Law.
Bowoto v Chevron will test just this point. The plaintiffs say the Nigerian troops were transported
to the platform in helicopters provided by Chevron and its local partner. Chevron says the protesters were hostage-takers who initiated the violence on the platform and are now motivated by the possibility of winning damages. Bowoto v Chevron has been making its way through America’s courts for nearly a decade and has been refined to a narrow Alien Tort Claims suit, making it an ideal test case. Marco Simons, a lawyer with EarthRights International, one of the groups representing the plaintiffs, notes that the case has survived around a dozen motions for dismissal. Nearly all Alien Tort Claims suits against companies have been settled on confidential terms. Only two have gone to trial. “Extractive industries especially need to go where the resources are—they have to do business with regimes with notorious records,” says Tyler Giannini, a specialist in human rights at Harvard Law School, who was one of the lawyers who argued the case against Unocal. “These cases are important because they are setting standards for what is acceptable and what isn’t.”
But those standards are now in flux. “Some day the Supreme Court will take this on,” says Mr Dodge. And if Bowoto v Chevron does not make it that far, other cases are in the pipeline: in February a case against Royal Dutch Shell, another oil giant, will get under way in New York on behalf of Ken Saro Wiwa, a hanged Nobel laureate, and other Nigerian plaintiffs. 16. Which of the following serves best as the title of the passage?
1. How far can America’s legal system be applied to foreign human-rights cases? 2. The 1789 Alien Tort Claims Act. 3. Bowoto v Chevron case
4. Will the Nigerians win?
5. What does the word \"unleash\" mean?
1. expedite 2. relieve 3. impel 4. give rise to
5. Which of the following is TRUE about the 1789 Alien Tort Claims Act?
1. It wasone of America’s oldest laws and was signed by George Washingt
on.
2. It allows foreigners to bring criminal cases before American courts arisin
g from violations of law or treaty anywhere in the world. 3. It allows courts in U.S. to solve almost any cases when invoked. 4. Since it was invoked in from time to time, people around the United sta
tes have come to universal acceptance of the act.
5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT TRU
E?
1. Although Bush Administration worries about the compatibility wit
h its foreign policy, the Superem Court affirmed its application to the international laws.
2. It has been well-accepted that international law has evolved sin
ce 1789, and now encompasses well-defined human rights that fall squarely within the act’s simple wording. 3. Providing necessities can also bring a case to court.
4. Rulings of these cases are important because they can be cited
as test cases and set up as standards for ensuing lawsuits. 5. What does the word \"in flux\" mean?
1. in danger 2. in dispute 3. in tow 4. in chains
6. 接上篇 SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST(30 minutes)
7. Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the correspo
nding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
8. As defined by historian James Truslow Adams, who spoke first of the American Dream in his
1931 book The Epic of America: “It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position.”
9. However, too many Americans have been expressing the Dream through the acquisition of stuff.
Marketers as well as politicians have doubtless helped to distort the meaning of the Dream. A barrage of commercial advertising encourages people to focus on the acquisition and consumption of goods, to be consumers first and citizens second. Credit card offers flood the mail. Media supported by advertising encourage consumers to aspire to celebrity lifestyles, to keep up with the Joneses by acquiring more stuff.
10. Americans need a refresher course on the American dream. The Constitution speaks of life, libe
rty, and the pursuit of happiness, not an automatic chicken in every pot. The American Dream embraced by immigrants over the past two centuries has been the opportunity to set one‟s own goals and pursue them honestly to the limits of one‟s ambition and ability.
11. In past downturns, the resilience of consumer spending has saved the day. The Federal governm
ent promises to come to the rescue, with both parties supporting a fiscal stimulus in the form of tax rebate and infrastructure spending that will pump more money into the economy, run up the deficit further, and mortgage our children‟s ability to achieve their American Dreams. 12. 13.
14. SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (30 minutes)
15.
16. Part A: Note-taking and Gap-filling
17. Directions: In this part of the test you will hear a short talk. You will hear the talk only once.
While listening to the talk, you may take notes on the important points so that you can have enough information to complete a gap-filling task on a separate ANSWER BOOKLET. You are required to write ONE word or figure only in each blank. You will not get your ANSWER BOOKLET until after you have listened to the talk. 18.
19. Recent scientific studies have shown that people with friends endure less ___(1)___, recover fro
m heart attacks faster and live ___(2)___ than the friendless. lifelong friends are in some cases even better than a lifelong ___(3)___.
20. But newer research have found that \"toxic friends\" can do ___(4)___ to us.
21. Though it is hard for both ___(5)___ to end a friendship, ___(6)___ are more likely to discu
ss and understand it, while men are more likely to let it go. In business, the male method of blowing off a friendship works more ___(7)___.
22. If the person senses that you are pulling away and asks what is happening, you should not f
ault them, but blame it on the ___(8)___. That leaves room for ___(9)___ the friendship later on. It's important a relationship only be ended for a good ___(10)___.
23. When you decide to end a friendship, it is suggested you do so in a ___(11)___ way. 24. There are five steps to help you figure out how to salvage a friendship. 25. 1. To invest the ___(12)___ and ___(13)___ to turn it around?
26. 2. To assess whether your friend will want to work through the ___(14)___. 27. 3. When you want to do something in heat of the moment, try to ___(15)___ it off. 28. 4. Try conflict resolution techniques.
29. A. Try to ___(16)___ the words that caused the conflict. 30. B. Listen ___(17)___ to one another 31. C. Agree to ___(18)___.
32. D. ___(19)___the relationship. Let them know you want to stay friends 33. 5. If you save the friendship, don't ___(20)___ on the resolved rift. 34. 35.
36. Part B: Listening and Translation 37. 1. Sentence Translation
38. Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sen
tences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 39. 40. (1) 41. 42. (2) 43. 44. (3) 45. 46. (4) 47. 48. (5) 49. 50.
51. 2. Passage Translation
52. Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the pas
sages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening. 53. (1) 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. (2) 62. 63. 64. 65. 66.
67. SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes)
68. Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the ques
tions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. 69. Questions 1～3
70. Every four years, beginning in 1984, the artists Antoni Muntadas and Marshall Reese have colle
cted political ads from the Presidential election, adding a dozen or so particularly striking new spots to their project, “Political Advertisement.” On a recent evening, they met at Goldcrest studi
os, in the meatpacking district, to work on the seventh edition of the film, which has become what Reese calls “the longest-running video art project in the world.” The artists would be screening the film—now a seventy-five-minute compilation of a hundred and two ads, spanning fifty-six years—at the Museum of Modern Art, on October 30th.
71. Reese, at the keyboard of an Avid editing workstation, called up ads, while Muntadas looked o
ver his shoulder and made comments. They viewed ads featuring telephones—Clinton‟s 3 A.M. ad, Obama‟s response, and a McCain phone ad—and discussed which one they should use. Several days of watching political commercials had left them feeling a little dazed. Muntadas seemed somewhat weary, but Reese was animated, almost punchy. Muntadas, who is sixty-six, grew up in Spain under Franco, an experience that sharpened his awareness of the dangers of political propaganda. Reese, fifty-two, watched political ads as a kid in Washington, D.C., and he views the medium with nostalgia, even affection. “One of my first experiences was waiting in line in my elementary school and seeing a classmate with a can of Goldwater ginger ale,” he said. 72. Reese explained that, in making their selections, they hoped both to spotlight innovative ads and
to show how certain motifs return again and again. The politician‟s desk, which Nixon used to considerable effect in 1960, is one such trope; the testimonial, such as Caroline Kennedy‟s endorsement of Obama, dates to the earliest political ads, like those in the Eisenhower-Stevenson race, in 1952.
73. This year, in addition to hundreds of ads produced by the campaigns and the national committe
es, there are ads made by political-action committees and special-interest groups. And there are the straight-to-YouTube videos, like “Obama Girl,” and all the smashups and parodies these videos inspired. “The campaign can no longer control its messaging—that‟s the big change this year,” Reese said. “But Obama does well in that environment,” he added, calling up the Senator‟s smiling face. “He‟s an empty screen, on which people project what they want him to be.” Their potential selections included the Phil de Vellis “Vote Different” mashup of Ridley Scott‟s 1984 Apple ad, with Hillary Clinton as the Big Brother figure on the screen, and the California Nurses Association‟s anti-Palin ad, “One Heartbeat Away,” which is a remake of an anti-Dan Quayle ad from 1988.
74. Watching “Political Advertisement” in its entirety is a powerful but disorienting experience. Tim
e hurtles forward with each Presidential election, but there is no clear progress on the fundamental issues. Jobs, better schools, tax relief, help for small businesses, change, peace through strength, and out-of-touch Washington insiders ebb and flow in importance. It‟s morning again in America in 1984, with the Reagan ads, but soon it‟s nighttime, with the darkening sky of a 1992 Ross Perot spot on the national debt. Tonally, the film is a perfect hybrid of its creators‟ sensibilities. It‟s funny and nostalgic, and has an innocent quality, while at the same time offering a bleak view of a specifically American form of propaganda, born in 1952, that has grown to shape our political process—not just the way we sell our politicians but the nature of the political discourse itself.
75. The film will close, Reese said, with an excerpt from the music video that Jesse Dylan and Wi
ll.i.am made from Obama‟s “Yes We Can” speech. It points the way toward a new kind of user-made political advertising, in which it is impossible to say where personal expression leaves off and propaganda begins.
76. “This edit‟s still going to end „To Be Continued,‟ same as every other,” Reese said. “We‟ll be
back.”
77. 1. Describe Antoni Muntadas and Marshall Reese's art \"Political Advertisement.\" 78. 2. Why do they make these selections?
79. 3. Explain the sentence \"Watching “Political Advertisement” in its entirety is a powerful but
disorienting experience.\" 80. Questions 4-6
81. Pharmaceutical giants face a conundrum, as illustrated by two recent events. Eli Lilly agreed to
pay $6.5 billion in cash for ImClone Systems to get its hands on a roster of experimental cancer drugs. And Roche, bowing to pressure from Britain's National Institute for Health & Clinical Excellence, slashed the price of lung cancer drug Tarceva by $1,200 to $10,830 per four-month course of treatment. Roche says it wants patients in Britain to benefit from Tarceva and that it is working with NICE, an independent body that advises the British National Health Service. 82. How are these two developments related? Pharmaceutical companies are charging into the cancer
arena, convinced that these costly treatments will open a new path to revenue growth. But national health authorities are balking at the drugs' high prices, given that most of them extend life by only a few months. If insurers in the U.S. follow suit, Lilly and its pharma peers could run into severe pricing constraints.
83. \"At some point—and that point will come sooner rather than later—payers are not going to app
rove spending $100,000 for someone to live an extra six months,\" says Erik Gordon, director of biomedicine at Stevens Institute of Technology. David Balekdjian, a partner at strategy consulting firm the Bruckner Group, confirms that \"for many diseases, U.S. insurers are rigorously examining the outcomes new drugs produce, relative to their cost.\" As insurers increasingly scrutinize cancer drugs, \"many will never reach their markets,\" Balekdjian warns.
84. In the world of giant pharma companies, cancer medicine has long taken a backseat to heart tre
atments, depression drugs, sleep aids, and other billion-dollar sellers. Because cancer treatments often consist of complex protein molecules that take years to develop, the drug multinationals left these risky products to small biotech ventures such as ImClone. But lately drugmakers have been embracing cancer treatments, in part because older blockbusters such as Pfizer's Lipitor and Lilly's anti-psychotic Zyprexa are approaching the end of their patent life. Moreover, because of safety concerns, the U.S. Food & Drug Administration is reluctant to approve pills taken by millions of people for minor ailments. But the FDA demands less of cancer drugs that could save patients who face near-certain death.
85. Cancer drugs also require little marketing support—no TV ads or lavish magazine spreads. Onco
logists tend to be hyper-aware of any new treatment that might help mortally ill patients. \"You don't need thousands of sales reps, you just need good data,\" says Lazard Capital Markets analyst Gene Mack.
86. Best of all for makers of cancer drugs, these products have long enjoyed considerable pricing p
ower because they are so difficult to develop. Genentech's Avastin costs up to $100,000 a year. Erbitux, ImClone's only marketed drug, costs around $10,000 a month and pulled in revenues of $1.3 billion in 2007. That's why Lilly is willing to make its largest acquisition ever, and why Pfizer is exiting heart drugs in order to focus on treatments for cancer, as well as Alzheimer's and diabetes.
87. The cost controversy could end up limiting the cancer market's promise, however. Last April, Br
istol-Myers Squibb, which holds 60% of the North American marketing rights to Erbitux, bowed to Canada's health authority and dropped the drug's price there. Britain's NICE already restricts the use of Erbitux due to cost. And in August it rejected four kidney cancer treatments, among them Pfizer's Sutent and Genentech's Avastin, for that reason.
88. The pricing environment is \"becoming more challenging,\" acknowledges Dr. Richard Gaynor, Lil
ly's head of cancer research. The company has been discussing drug development with insurers to get a handle on what they are willing to pay for, he says. 89. 4. Why does the author cite cases of Eli Lilly and Roche? 90. 5. Why do drugmakers focus more on cancer medicine lately?
91. 6. Explain the sentence \"The cost controversy could end up limiting the cancer market's pro
mise, however.\" 92. Questions 7-10
93. Is the world headed for a food crisis? India, Mexico and Yemen have seen food riots this year.
Argentines boycotted tomatoes during the country's recent presidential elections when the vegetable became more expensive than meat; and in Italy, shoppers organized a one-day boycott of pasta to protest rising prices. In late October, the Russian government, hoping to ease tensions ahead of parliamentary elections early next year, announced a price freeze for milk, bread and other foods through the end of January.
94. What's the cause for these shortages and price hikes? Expensive oil, for the most part. 95. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) reported last week that, at nearly
$100 a barrel, the price of oil has sent the cost of food imports skyrocketing this year. Add in escalating crop prices, the FAO warned, and a direct consequence could soon be an increase in global hunger — and, as a consequence, increased social unrest. Faced with internal rumblings, \"politicians tend to act to protect their own nationals rather than for the good of all,\" says Ali Ghurkan, a Rome-based FAO analyst who co-authored the report. Because of the lack of international cooperation, he adds, \"Worldwide markets get tighter and the pain only lasts longer.\" 96. What's more, worldwide food reserves are at their lowest in 35 years, so prices are likely to sta
y high for the foreseeable future. \"Past shocks have quickly dissipated, but that's not likely to be the case this time,\" says Ghurkan. \"Supply and demand have become unbalanced, and... can't be fixed quickly.\"
97. The world's food import bill will rise in 2007 to $745 billion, up 21% from last year, the FAO
estimated in its biannual Food Outlook. In developing countries, costs will go up by a quarter to nearly $233 billion. The FAO says the price increases are a result of record oil prices, farmers switching out of cereals to grow biofuel crops, extreme weather and growing demand from countries like India and China. The year 2008 will likely offer no relief. \"The situation could deteriorate further in the coming months,\" the FAO report cautioned, \"leading to a reduction in imports and consumption in many low-income food-deficit countries.\"
98. Hardest hit will likely be sub-Saharan Africa, where many of the world's poorest nations depend
on both high-cost energy as well as food imports. Cash-poor governments will be forced to choose between the two, the FAO says, and the former has almost always won out in the past. That means more people will go malnourished. Further exacerbating the problem are the current record prices for freight shipping brought on by record fuel prices. An estimated 854 million people, or one in six in the world, already don't have enough to eat, according to the World Food Programme.
99. Nearly every region of the world has experienced drastic food price inflation this year. Retail pr
ices are up 18% in China, 17% in Sri Lanka and 10% or more throughout Latin America and Russia. Zimbabwe tops the chart with a more than a 25% increase. That inflation has been driven by double-digit price hikes for almost every basic foodstuff over the past 12 months. Dairy products are as much as 200% more expensive since last year in some countries. Maize prices hit a 10-year high in February. Wheat is up 50%, rice up 16% and poultry nearly 10%. 100. On the demand side, one of the key issues is biofuels. Biofuels, made from food crops such as
corn, sugar cane, and palm oil, are seen as easing the world's dependence on gasoline or diesel. But when crude oil is expensive, as it is now, these alternative energy sources can also be sold at market-competitive prices, rising steeply in relation to petroleum.
101. With one-quarter of the U.S. corn harvest in 2007 diverted towards biofuel production, the atten
dant rise in cereal prices has already had an impact on the cost and availability of food. Critics worry that the gold rush toward biofuels is taking away food from the hungry. Jean Ziegler, the U.N. Special Rapporteur on The Right to Food, recently described it as a \"crime against humanity\" to convert food crops to fuel, calling for a five-year moratorium on biofuel production. 102. Leaders in the biofuel industry respond that energy costs are more to blame for high food price
s than biofuels. \"Energy is the blood of the world, so if oil goes up then other commodities follow,\" Claus Sauter, CEO of German bioenergy firm Verbio said following Ziegler's comments. Others argue that cleaner-burning biofuels could help stem the effects of climate change, another factor identified by the FAO as causing food shortages. Ghurkan notes that scientists believe climate change could be behind recent extreme weather patterns, including catastrophic floods, heat waves and drought. All can diminish food harvests and stockpiles. But so can market forces. 103. 7. Why does oil answer to the shortages and price hikes? 104. 8. Describe the situation of food shortage in sub-Saharan Africa. 105. 9. What is bio-fuel?
106. 10. Describe comments on the five-year moratorium on biofuel production. 107.
108. SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST(30 minutes)
109.
110. Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the correspo
nding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.
111. 中华文明历来注重以民为本，尊重人的尊严和价值。早在千百年前，中国人就提出“民惟邦本，
本固邦宁”、“天地之间，莫贵于人”，强调要利民、裕民、养民、惠民。今天，我们坚持以人为本，就是要坚持发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享，关注人的价值、权益和
自由，关注人的生活质量、发展潜能和幸福指数，最终是为了实现人的全面发展。保障人民的生存权和发展权仍是中国的首要任务。我们将大力推动经济社会发展，依法保障人民享有自由、民主和人权，实现社会公平和正义，使13亿中国人民过上幸福生活。
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