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it做形式主语的19个句型

2021-10-03 来源:步旅网


1.It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who ...

该句型是强调句型。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that 可以由 who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that ... 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语 “直到……才……”,可以说是 not ... until ... 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 3. It is clear /obvious/true/possible/certain… that … 该句型中it 是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句,常译为 “ 清楚(显然,真的,肯定……)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that he's round and tall like a tree. = That he's round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important /necessary/ right/strange/natural... that ...+(should) do 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同,that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省去。 5. It is said (reported, learned…) that … 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语,真正主语是 that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“ 据说(据报道,据悉……)”。 6. It is suggested ( ordered, required ... ) that ... +(should) do 该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可以省。常译为“ 据建议;有命令……)”。 7. It is a pity ( a shame ... ) that ... 该句型中,that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should 可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾! It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了,真遗憾! 8. It is time ( about time , high time ) that ... 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟.② 有时也用should

+ 动词原形,should 不能省。常译为“是(正是)……

的时侯……”。 9. It is the first ( second … ) time that … 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中 that 可以省去;it 有时用 this 替换,常译为“是第一(二)……次……”。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10. It is … since ... 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。 11. It is ... when ... 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的 it 指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候,是……”。 12. It be ... before ... 该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态.主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3 days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……之后……”。 13. It happens (seems, looks, appears ) that... 该句型中it是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen, seem 等词是不及物动词. It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧…… It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来…… 14. It takes sb. … to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”。 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , ( not any use )。 16. It doesn't matter whether ( if ) ... 该句型中whether (if) 引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为“不论(是否)…… 没关系……。

17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth.

该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of 引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有: bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest, horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的), polite, rude, silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的)等。 这个句型可以改写为:sb. is kind to do sth. It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.

18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.

该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for 引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有: ① important, necessary, natural ② easy, safe, common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare, impossible, pleasant 等。 在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写,如: It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party

19. It looks ( seems ) as if ... 该句型中it 无意义。 as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为,“看起来好象…… "如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气.

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