Unit 1
1. by + doing 通过……方式 如：by studying with a group
by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用”、“经过”、“乘车”等
如：I live by the river.
I have to go back by ten o’clock.
The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus.
2．too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。
3．be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋
如：I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=
I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 4. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：he party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以…结束
如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 5．one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如：She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。 6. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English 7．unless 假如不，除非 引导条件状语从句
如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。 I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写 8． see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如：
如：She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。 Unit 2
1．used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 否定形式： didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.
如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。 2. 反意疑问句 （中考不考，可作了解）
①肯定陈述句＋否定提问 如：Lily is a student, isn’t she? Lily will go to China, won’t she?
②否定陈述句＋肯定提问 如：She doesn’t come from China, does she?
You haven’t finished homework, have you?
③提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she? ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词
如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如：He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？
They hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白，不是吗？
3．interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物
①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking English.
他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
4．害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog. be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking。 5．spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”
①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）
②spend…doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事
如：He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
pay for 花费 如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。 take 动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构有：
take sb. … to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.
take … to do sth. 6．how to swim 怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成
不定工短语。
如：The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。 7. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh
8．as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力
如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。 9．take pride in sth. 以…而自豪
如：His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪 10. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心
如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。 11. be able to do sth. 能做某事
如：She is able to do it. 她能够做到。 12. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
13.不再 ①no more == no longer 如：I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。 ②not …any more == not …any longer
如：I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。 Unit 3
1．allow句型 ①allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
如： We do not allow people to smoke in the hall. ②allow doing 允许做某事 ③be allowed to do 被允许做某事 ④should be allowed to do 应该被允许做某事
2．get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词) have sth. done
如：I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车 3．enough 足够
形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮
enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够…去做…
如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
4. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak.请停下来说话。 5. 看起来好像… sb. seem to do sth. = it seems that +从句 如：He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。 6．系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。
如：They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired. 7. 倒装句:
由so＋助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样 She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。 She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是 She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。 She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。 8．曾经做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. 9．be strict with sb. 对某人严厉
如：Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。 10．keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持… 如：We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。 11. both…and… +动词复数形式
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball. 12. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么)
如：Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语 13. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing.
I have a chance of going to Beijing. 14．花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) …… The book cost (me) 100yuan. sb. spend … on sth. She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend …doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay … for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book. 15. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off 16. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen.
17. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei. 18. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍
如： Her social life got in the way of her studies.
她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
19．think about 与think of 的区别
①当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
②think about 还有“考虑”之意，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用 At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。 We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。 20. 对… 热衷， 对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。 be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。 21. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English. 22. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son. 23. also 也 用于句中 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生
either也 用于否定句且用于句末 I am not a student either.我也不是一个学生。too 也 用于
肯定句且用于句末 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。 Unit 4
1．pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend +从句 假装… I pretended that I fell asleep.
2. be late for 迟到 如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party. 3．what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 ， 要是… 又怎么样 如：What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？ What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？
4. add sth.to sth.添加…到… 如：I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。 5． ask sb. to do 叫…做某事
ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事 tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事 如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. 6. start doing==start to do.开始做某事
如：He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。 7. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物
如：I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。 8. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
如：I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。 9. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事
如：Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。 10．get along with sb. 与…相处
如：Do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗？ 11. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事
如：I would rather walk than run.
12．let sb. down 让某人失望 如：Don’t let your mother down.不要让你的妈妈失望。 13. come up with sth.提出 如He：came up with a good idea.他提出了一个好主意。 catch up with sb. 追上 赶上 如：Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。 14. have experience doing 在做某事有经验
如：I have experience teaching Chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。
※1.prefer v.更喜爱，更喜欢，相当于like……better，其过去式、过去分词为preferred，常用于以下结构：
(1)prefer+名词、代词I preferred music. Which do you prefer?
(2)prefer+动词不定式“宁愿干……”She prefers to live among the working people.
(3) prefer+v-ing I prefer living abroad. (4)prefer+动词不定式复合结构: 常见的搭配有:
① prefer……to……喜欢……而不喜欢……（to为介词）She prefers apples to bananas. ② prefer doing to doing（to为介词）He prefers running to walking. ③ prefer to do …… rather than do sth.宁愿干……而不愿干……
They prefer to play games rather than watch TV.
※2. not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分 (1) 引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。也是说得要把前面的句子中的助动词或
者是情态动词放在主语的前面。
如：Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵ Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：Not
only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。 常见的就近原则的结构有：
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不) Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个) Not only …but (also)… There be Unit 9
1.被动语态：它是由“was/were+动语“过去分词”构成的。” 2.be used for:意思是“被用来做什么”，强调用途或作用.
3.be used as ：意思是“被作为什么来用”，强调被当作工具或手段来用. 4.be used by:意思是“被谁使用”，强调使用者.
5.“名词+现在分词/过去分词”构成一个合成形容词，在句中作定语和表语。
6.插入语：当一个词、短语或从句用在句里，而与句子的其他成分没有语法上的关系时，它就是句子的独立成分。插入语就是这种独立成分之一。插入语一般对一句话做一些附加的解释，放在句末时，通常在前面加逗号，放在句中时，有时在前后加逗号，有时不加任何标点符号。
7.according to+名词 意思是按照、依照……所说，随着……的不同而不同 8.according as +从句，意思是根据……而……，按照……而…… ※9.prefer to do sth.“更喜欢去做某事” Prefer 意思是更喜欢，常可与like better ,instead of 进行替换，它所组成的常见句式有：Prefer A to B“比起B来更喜欢A”,prefer doing A to doing B“比起干B这件事来，更喜欢干A这件事”， perfer to do A rather than do B“宁愿做A而不原做B.”
Unit10
1.“take+a+名词”结构来表示一次性动作。
2. happen to sb.某人发生某事, 指偶然地或碰巧发生,强调意外.
3. take place 意思也是发生,指经过安排或计划要发生的事情,强调必然性. 4. by the time 意思是“到……时为止，到……时”，注重时间的截止。 at the time 表示“在……时”，注重时间的开始。
5. give one a ride=hitch a ride with sb.意思是“让某人搭便车”
6. forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，指“要做的事情忘记做”.
7. forget doing sth.意思是“忘记做了某事”，指“做了某事而把它忘记了”.
8. as...as..“像……一样”，常用来表示比较、倍数或程度，在这个结构中，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，它的否定形式是not so...as...或not as...as...
9. have to 是“不得不”的意思，指由于受条件限制或他人制约做某事，有被动的含义，无主观愿望；must是“必须，一定”的意思，有主观愿望和感情色彩.
10.try sb.for a job 试用某人；try one’s best to do sth.竭尽所能做某事；try sb. for sth.因某事而审问某人.
Unit11
1.get some information about the town是“询问有关城镇的信息”的意思. 2.decide to do sth.意思是“决定去做某事”. 3.talk to sb意思是“找某人谈话”
4.“It is +形容词+动词不定式短语”是英语中的一个常用句式，句中的真正主语是动词不定式，it是形式主语。 5.in front of意思是“在……的前面”，指在某个范围之外. 6.in the front of 意思是“在……的前部”，指在某个范围之内. 7.have trouble doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”.
8.in trouble/get into trouble/get sb.into trouble 表示“遇到困难，遇到麻烦”.
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