6. n. l______ sb who behaves in a crazy or very stupid way; a mad man 7. n. m______ a king or queen
8. v. n______ to push sb gently, usu. with your elbow in order to get their attention 9. n. p______ a self-contradictory and false proposition
10. n. p______ the state of being able to be alone, and not seen or heard by other people 11. a. s______ not enough
12. v. s______ to rub your skin with finger nails, esp. because it itches 13. v. s______ to walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way 14. v. s______ to work hard
15. v. t______ to laugh quietly esp. when you are nervous
II. Useful Phrases a large corps of do sth by choice look sb over take command of bark at do sth by design do one’s business break out call upon grow tired of a shower of long to do sth care nothing for in particular the man of the hour do sth out of principle
1. He had opened his eyes with the sun at dawn, scratched, ___1_____like a dog at the roadside. 2. Sometimes they threw bits of food, and got scant thanks; sometimes a mischievous pebble, and got ____2____ stones and abuse.
3. He was not the first to inhabit such a thing. But he was the first who ever did so ___3_____ ,out of principle.
4. There have been many men who ___4_____ human society with its complications, and went away to live simply---on a small farm, in a quiet village, or in a hermit’s cave.
5. And, ___5_____, he publicly behaved in such ways as to show people what real life was.
6. And so he lived---like a dog, some said, because he ____6____ the conventions of society, and because he showed his teeth and ____7____ those he disliked.
7. He ____8___ them ____8____, as a sober man looks at a crowd of tottering drunks and shook his head.
8. He taught Alexander poetry: the young prince slept with the Iliad under his pillow and ____9___ emulate Achilles, who brought the mighty power of Asia to ruin. 9. He taught him philosophy, ___10____ the shapes and uses of political power.
10. During his invasion of Persia, Alexander took with him ___11____scientists, and shipped hundreds of zoological specimens back to Greece for study.
11. Now Alexander was in Corinth to ____12___ the League of Greek States, which his father Philip had created.
12. He was ___13____, of the century; he was unanimously appointed commander-in-chief of a new expedition against old, rich, corrupt Asia.
13. With that generosity which Aristotle had taught him, Alexander determined to ____14___ Diogenes.
14. Slowly, Alexander turned away. A titter ___15____ from the elegant Greeks. III. Fill in the blanks with the right form of the bracketed words. 1. There was a _____ expression on the child’s face. (content) 2. This part of the country is sparsely _____. (inhabit) 3. She talked to me without _____. (restrain)
4. He was responsible for _____ the supplies for the army. (procure) 5. He was accused of _____ his visa. (false)
6. He had _____ enough money to buy food. (bare) IV. Translation
1. 她自称具有一种特异功能，用手一摸就能治病。（possess ） 2. 在这个故事里，这个妖怪常常以美女的样子出现。（in the form of） 3. 他把画卷了起来，并说一百万美元以下绝对不卖。（roll）
4. 有那么多的合格法官，我不明白为什么她被任命到最高法院工作。（appoint）
5. 我对此知道得不多，不足以形成一大套理论。不过我肯定，仅仅是贫困还不能解释犯罪率上升。（account for） V．Paraphrase: (Preview)
1. He had opened his eyes with the sun at dawn, scratched, done his business like a dog at the roadside…(para. 1)
2. Live without conventions, which are artificial and false; escape complexities and extravagances…(para. 4)
3. They possess him. He is their slave. In order to procure a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence. (para. 4)
4. His life’s aim was clear to him: it was “to restamp the currency”…(para.5) 5. He was the man of the hour, of the century…(para.13) VI. Fill in the blanks with the proper words in the text.
Diogenes was not a lunatic. He was a philosopher who wrote plays and poems and essays expounding his ___1___; he talked to those who cared to listen; he had pupils who ___2___ him. But he taught chiefly by ___3___. All should live naturally, he said, for what is natural is normal and cannot possibly be ___4___ or shameful. Live without conventions, which are ___5___ and false; escape complexities and extravagances; only so can you live a free life. The rich man believes he ___6___ his big house with its many rooms and its ___7___ furniture, his expensive clothes, his horses and servants and his bank ___8___. He does not. He depends ___9___ them, he worries about them, he spends most of his life’s energy looking ___10___ them; the thought of losing them makes him ___11___ with anxiety. They possess him. He is their ___12___. In order to ___13___ a quantity of false, perishable goods he has sold the only true, ___14___ good, his own ___15___.
VII. Critical Thinking:
Describe Alexander’s visit to Diogenes in about 300 words, ending the account with a brief comment on the behavior of both.
Keys: I.
1. bearded 2. block 3. elaborately 4. elegant 5. guffaw 6. lunatic 7. monarch 8. nudge 9. paradox 10. privacy 11. scant 12. scratch 13. stroll 14. sweat 15. titter II.
1. done his business 2. a shower of 3. by choice 4. grew tired of 5. by design 6. cared nothing for 7. barked at 8. looked…over 9. longed to 10. in particular 11. a large corps of 12. take command of 13. the man of the hour 14. call upon 15. broke out III.
1. contented 2. inhabited 3. restraint 4. procuring 5. falsifying 6. barely IV.
1. She claims to possess a magic power---the power to cure diseases simply by the touch of her
hand.
2. In the story, this evil spirit often appears in the form of a pretty young lady.
3. He rolled up the painting and said that he wouldn’t part with it for less than a million dollars. 4. Of all the qualified judges, I don’t know why she was appointed to the Supreme Court.
5. I don’t know enough to form an elaborate theory, but I’m sure that poverty alone cannot
account for the increase of the crime rate. V.
1. He had opened his eyes when the sun rose, scratched (because he had an itch on the skin), relieved himself like a dog at the roadside…
Notice the euphemism “done his business.” The author could not have used the normal expression “used the toilet” because there was no toilet.
2. Live simply and freely. Pay no attention to conventions, which are unnatural and useless. Avoid or get rid of all those unnecessary things that make our life complicated and wasteful…
3. They own and control him. He is their slave. In order to get some goods that have no true value and will be useless very soon, he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence.
4. He knew very well what he lived for: it was to change people’s values, to make them know the true meaning of life..
5. He was the most popular/important/successful person at this particular moment or this century… VI.
1. doctrine 2. admired 3. example 4. evil 5. artificial 6. possesses 7. elaborate 8. accounts 9. on 10. after 11. sick 12. slave 13. procure 14. lasting 15. independence
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