英语句⼦成分分析（2）6. 状语(adverbial)
英语中的状语⽤来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表⽰时间、地点、程度、⽬的、⽅式，⽐较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。(1) 时间状语
I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。
Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街⾛直到到达尽头为⽌。I was doing m homework when my mother came in. 当我在做作业的时候妈妈进来了。(2) 地点状语
Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅⽣活在中国。
You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地⽅。This is where I disagree. 这就是我不同意的地⽅。(3) 程度状语
I have quite a lot of work to do. 我有相当多的⼯作要做。He likes English very much.(4) ⽬的状语
We’ll go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他从⼝袋⾥掏出⼀些零钱来买报纸。She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。(5) ⽅式状语
We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步⾏去上学。Please do it as I told you. 请按我告诉你的去做。(6) 让步状语
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱，⽽她并不幸福。No matter what happens, I will never loseheart. ⽆论发⽣什么，我将决不失去信⼼。(7) 条件状语
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others. 假如你不努⼒学习，你将落后于别⼈。
Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的关⼼的话，这些花将长得更好。(8) ⽐较状语
Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的⼿表与我的不⼀样。Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. 迈克不及杰克⾼。(9) 原因状语
We didn’t go to the park because of the bad weather. 由于天⽓不好，我们没有去公园。
I’m glad to meet you. 见到你我很⾼兴。
Being ill, he didn’t go to school. 由于病了，他没有去上学。(10) 结果状语
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们⼨步难⾏。
He left early, so that he caught the train. 他早早地离去，(结果) 因此赶上了⽕车。He studied hard, as a result, he made greatprogress finally. 他勤奋努⼒，最终取得了很⼤的进步。
The rain lasted for a week, leaving a lot of places flooded.持续下了⼀个星期的⾬，导致很多地⽅被淹没了。(11) 伴随状语
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 这位医⽣匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着⼀个药箱⼦。
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. ⽼师进到教室⾥来，后⾯跟着⼀群学⽣。He sat in his empty restaurant, feeling very frustrated.7. 宾语补⾜语
宾语补⾜语主要⽤来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如：
Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得爬⼭很容易。
Don’t be so f ormal. Call me Jim. 不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。You must keep it clean. 你要把它保持⼲净。I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着。
We had the machine repaired. 我们请⼈修理了机器。Why don’t you have your hair cut? 你为什么不理发?He had his finger cut. 他的⼿指弄伤了。
I had my watch stolen yesterday. 我的表昨天被⼈偷去了。I have a lot of work to do. 我有许多⼯作要做。She has plenty of clothes to wear. 她有⾜够的⾐服穿。He made me repeat the story. 他要我把那事重讲⼀遍。Rain makes plants grow. ⾬⽔使植物⽣长。1.⼀般⽤it 做形式宾语+ 宾语补⾜语
sb + think \\ make \\ find \\ feel + it + adj.\\ n.(easy \\ difficult \\ hard \\ necessary\\ right\\ wrong\\ possible \\ impossible\\ a shame \\ apity) + to do sth.
Eg. We found it difficult to work out the problem.He thinks it a pity to fail the exam.
2.感官动词的⽤法feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look atdo (全过程)
感官动词+ sb. \\ sth. doing (正在做)done （被……）（被动）
The boy was last seen playing on the beach.
I saw the thief caught on the street.3.
find + 宾语（sb. \\ sth.）adj. \\ n. \\ 介词短语
Eg. When I woke up I found myself lying on the grass.When I woke up I found myself surrounded by many children.I find him a naughty boy.4. with 复合结构
Eg. Don’t leave the room with all the lihts on.The teacher came in with a book in hand.With a lot of work to do, I have to stay at home.With the problem settled, we all went home.
With the boy leading the way, we found the small village easily.5. 表⽰“使\\ 让……做……”的单词
⊙ have sb.\\ sth. do (主动做) \\ doing (⼀直做) \\ done （被）\\ (让别⼈做)⊙ make sb. \\ sth. do(主动做) \\ done (被)⊙ get sb. \\ sth. to do (主动做)\\ done(被)（让别⼈做）⊙ keep sb. \\ sth. doing (主动做)\\ done (被)⊙ leave sb. \\ sth. doing（主动做）\\ done (被)⊙ let sb. \\ sth. do (主动做)\\ be done （被）⊙ make \\ keep \\ leave sb. \\ sth. + adj.\\ n.\\ 介词短语Eg. The good news made us very excited.Enough water can keep you alive for a week.You’d better go and have your car repaired.Don’t leave the eater running all the time.基本句型五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句⼦的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟⼀个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上⼀个补充成分来补⾜宾语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ│Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语）│ Ｃ（宾补）1. They │appointed │him │m anager.2. They │painted │the door │green.
3. This │set │them │thinking.
4. They │found │the house │deserted.5. What │makes │him │think so?6. We │saw │him │out.
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon.8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus.区分基本句型
ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）&ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）注意：但常⽤的英语句⼦并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句⼦除了基本句型的
成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前⾯或后⾯增加⼀些修饰语（modifier）⽽加以扩⼤。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下⾯以基本句型五为例：We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现⼤礼堂坐满了学⽣和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report. 我们发现⼤礼堂坐满了学⽣和教师，在听⼀个重要报告。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People'sDaily on current affairs in East Europe.
我们发现⼤礼堂坐满了学⽣和教师，在听⼈民⽇报的⼀位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。不同的动词使⽤的句型也不尽⼀样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。
8.同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同⼀批‘学⽣’）We all are students. / (all是we的同位语，都指同样的‘我们’）
Lu Xun, a famous writer, is productive.
The news that they won the game made me very excited.分析句⼦成分
1.There was a big smile on her face.A B C D
2. Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A B C D E
3.He began to learn English when he was eleven.A B C D
4.The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.A B C D E
5. With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.A B C
6.My father bought a new bike for me last week.A B C D E
7.Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.A B C D E
8.He asked her to take the boy out of school.A B C D E
9.She found it difficult to do the work.A B C D E
10.Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?A B C D E F
1. ___ in English in class every day is important.A. SpeakB. TalkingC. SayingD. To tell
2. ___interesting work we are doing?A. What aB. HowC. WhatD. What an
3. I saw him ___ basketball with Jack an hour ago.A. playsB. to playC. playedD. playing
4. Sorry, we've kept you___ for a long time.A. waitedB. singC. standD. waiting
5. The teacher told us ____ late again.A. aren't beB. don't beC. not to beD. not be
6. I found ___ difficult to work together with him.A. itB. itsC. thatD. those
7. We all know ___ our duty to clean our classroom after school every day.A. thatB. thisC. whichD. it
8. He found ___ very interesting to play with the little dog.A. whatB. itC. /D. that
9. Do you have anything ___?A. sayingB. to sayC. saidD. say
10. The apple tasted ____.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet
11. The young man, ___ works in the office.A. me brotherB. my brotherC. my brothersD. me
12. ___, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train.A. ThemB. HeC. TheyD. Theirs
13. ---Why are you making a long neck?
---I’m looking forward _________ what is going on over there.A.seeB. to seeC. to seeingD. seeing
14.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.A.carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out
15. I make _____a rule to learn English hard.A. itsB. itC. thatD. that is
16.---How long do you think it will be ______ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?---Perhaps two or three years.A.WhenB.untilC. thatD.before
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