Module 1 Feelings and impressions
Unit 1 It smells delicious.
Language points
1. Well, my chocolate cookies are done now. 嗯，我的巧克力饼干做好了。 句中的be done表示“做好了，完成了”。例如： I am nearly done.我差不多做完了。
Are you done with that pen? 那支笔你用完了吗？ The beds are done.床铺都整理好了。 2. Shall I get the sugar? 我来拿糖吧？
当说话人主动提出要做某事，尤其是主动提出帮助时，我们常用Shall I …?例如： Shall I get some water for you? 我去给你弄点儿水喝吧？ 我们还可以用Shall we…?来提出建议。例如： Shall we buy Betty a cake? 我们给贝蒂买个蛋糕吧？ 3...are you sure that’s sugar? ……你确信那是糖吗？ be sure后面接句子，表示“确信，相信”。例如：
I’m sure tomorrow is Betty’s birthday. 我确定明天是贝蒂的生日。 I’m sure we will find each other.我相信我们能找到那地方。
Unit 2 I feel nervous when I speak Chinese.
Important and difficult points
1.My brother is in the school tennis team—I’m very proud of him! 我哥哥(或弟弟)是校网球队队员——我为他感到非常骄傲！ be proud of表示“以……为骄傲”。例如：
We are so proud of her for telling the truth.我们为她说了真话而感到骄傲。 2. But I can’t tell you how excited I am about going to China!但是我没法表达对去中国的兴奋之情！
be excited about表示“对……兴奋”。例如：
I am so excited about the trip!对于这次旅行，我真是兴奋极了！ 3. look like/like的用法与区别
“look like”和“be like”的区别：前者着重问人物长相，look是看上去，即看上去是个什么样。而后者着重人的内在性格、人品，是个什么样的人。其中，like在此是介词。
e.g. What does he look like? 他长什么样？ What is he like? 他是个什么样的人？
Unit 3 Language in use
Grammar
感官系动词：英语动词中，有的后面要接名词或代词等作宾语，有的单独作谓语，而有的后面要接形容词或名词等做主语的补充成分。我们把后面接主语补充成分的动词称为系动词。
最常用的系动词是be，另外还有很多感官动词，如：look，taste，feel，smell，sound等。例如：
The film is interesting. The cookies smell delicious. The soup tastes too salty. The bed feels hard. The idea sounds quite good. All the children look happy.
上面用到的系动词smell，taste，feel，sound，look相当于汉语中的闻起来，尝起来，摸上去，听上去，看起来的概念。
要注意这类系动词和系动词be不同，其否定形式和疑问形式的构成要借助动词do。例如：
The dishes do not smell very nice. Dose he look worried?
The cake dose not taste very good.
Module 2 Experiences
Unit 1 I’ve also entered lots of speaking competitions.
Language points
1. I am entering a competition. 我正参加一个比赛。
enter表示“参加，报名”。还表示“进入”。
e.g. Several of the world’s finest runners have entered the race. 几名世界最优秀的运动员已报名参加比赛。
The thieves entered the building by the back door. 小偷从后门进入大楼。 2. The first prize is “My dream holiday”. 一等奖是“我的梦想假期”。 dream n. 梦；梦想（只用于名词前）梦寐以求的 v. dreamed, dreamed/dreamt, dreamt 做梦，梦到，梦想 e.g. I had a strange dream last night. 我昨晚做了个奇怪的梦。 I dreamt I was flying to the moon at this time of yesterday. 昨晚的这个时候我梦见我正飞往月球。
3. Have you ever won any prizes before? 你以前曾经得过奖吗？ ever表示“曾经”。是现在完成时的标志。通常用于一般疑问句中。 “have/has sb. ever + 过去分词”，用于询问某人过去的经历。 e.g. —Have you ever been to Paris? —No, never. / Yes, I have. —你去过巴黎吗？没有/ 去过。 4. But I can’t afford it. 但是我付不起。
afford v. （有财力）付得起，买得起 常与can, could, able to 连用。 e.g. I just can’t afford the time. 我花不起这个时间。 5. I’ve stopped trying now. 我已经不再尝试了。 stop doing sth. 表示“停止正在做的事情” stop to do sth. 表示“停下正在做的事去做另件事” e.g. The two girls stopped talking when they saw me. 那两个女孩一见到我就停止了讲话。
The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me. 那两个女孩一见到我就停下来和我讲话。 6. You can make it up. 你可以编（一个故事）。 make up 表示“编造；组成”。
e.g. The whole story is made up. 整个故事是虚构出来的。 7. I will invite you to come with me. 我将邀请你和我一起来。 invite sb. to do sth. 表示“邀请某人去做某事”。
e.g. Jane invited me to go fishing last week. 简上周邀请我去钓鱼了。
Unit 2 They have seen the Pyramids. Language points
1. …, and it has sent Peter to work in Germany, France and China before. send sb. to do sth. 表示“派遣某人去做某事”。 e.g. China send many people to work in Africa every year. send sb. sth. 或send sth. to sb.，意思是“送给某人某物”。 e.g. Jim sent me a book on my twelfth birthday. send后接“信件、电报”等时，意为“寄/发送”。 e.g. Mary usually sends letters in the morning. before，表示“以前”。是现在完成时的标志。 2. They have been to many interesting places.
have been to +地点，表示“已经去过某地” 现在已经回来 。 e.g. Laura has never been to China before.
have gone to +地点，表示“已经去了某地”现在还没有回来，此时可能在途中或已经到了目的地。
e.g. —Hello. Can I speak to John, please? —Sorry, he’s not in. He has gone to the park. 3. This language is different from English in many ways. 这种语言在很多方面都和英语不同。 be different from, 表示“与…不同”。 in many ways, 表示“在许多方面”。
e.g. We can consider the problem in many ways. 我们可以从多方面来考虑这些问题。 Life in future will be different from life today. 在未来的生活将会从今天生活的不同。 4. They find it hard to spell and pronounce the words. find it hard to do sth. “发现做某事是难的” e.g. I find it hard to go up that high mountain.
5. So far they have learnt to speak German, French, Chinese and Arabic. so far “到目前为止”，是现在完成时的标志。
e.g. Mike has read five famous books so far.
6. They have friends all over the world, but they also miss their friends in the US. 他们在世界各地都有朋友，但是他们也想念他们在美国的朋友。 miss v. “思念”。
e.g. Dave misses his grandparents very much. 大卫非常想念他的爷爷奶奶。
miss v. “错过；没做到”，其后接动词时，应用动词-ing形式。 e.g. Mona was sad because she missed her train. 7. They are counting down the days. count down, 表示“倒数，倒计时”。
e.g. They are counting down, “ten, nine, eight, seven…”. count表示“计数，计算”。
e.g. Can you count from one to ten in French?
He put all the money in his bag without counting it.
Unit 3 Language in use
Grammar 现在完成时(1)
现在完成时定义：强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例如：
Betty went to the park yesterday. (强调去公园的动作发生在昨天）
Betty has been to the park before. (强调不仅去过公园，而且了解公园的状况） 现在完成时的谓语结构： have/has + 动词的过去分词 例如：
I’ve always wanted to go on a dream holiday. 句中的谓语结构为：have wanted Lingling has visited the US. 句中的谓语结构为：has visited 一、句式结构
1. 肯定句式: 主语+have / has+动词过去分词+其他。
2. 否定句式: 主语+have / has+not+动词过去分词+ 其他。have not 和has not 分别缩写为haven’t和hasn’t。
3. 一般疑问句式: Have / Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他? 肯定答语为Yes, 主语+have / has.; 否定答语为No, 主语+haven’t / hasn’t. 二、过去分词的构成
规则动词过去分词的构成规则与规则动词过去式的构成规则相同。 1. 动词一般在词尾加“-ed”。如：work→worked→worked 2. 以“e”结尾的动词，词尾加“-d”。 如：live→lived→lived
3. 以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，将“y”变为 “i”，再加“-ed”。如：cry→cried→cried
4. 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“-ed”。如：
stop→stopped→stopped
三、根据汉语意思及所给提示写一个完整的句子。
1. 马克曾经乘火车去旅行。(travel by train) 2. 这个男孩曾经为他的家人做过饭。 (cook dinner) 3. 你曾经尝过那种食物吗？ (try)
4. 我以前没有去过另一座城市。(another city)
5. 这个女孩从来没怎么笑过。(a lot) Keys: Mark has ever travelled by train.
The boy has ever cooked dinner for his family. Have you ever tried that food? I haven’t been to another city before. The girl has never laughed a lot.
Module 3 Journey to space Unit 1 Has it arrived yet?
Language points.
1. What are you up to? 你在做什么呢？
up to 表示“正在干，从事着”。常用在非正式常合中。 e.g. What’s he up to with all those books on the floor?
What were you up to yesterday? You didn’t answer my phone.
2. I’ve just made this model of the space station. 这是我刚做的宇宙空间站的模型。
just 常用在现在完成时的肯定句中，常放在助动词 have/has 的后面。 e.g. We’ve just seen/watched the film. 3. I haven’t started it yet. 我还没有开始做呢。
yet 表示“还（末）”，常用在现在完成时的否定句中，通常放在句末。 e.g. We haven’t finished our homework yet.
4. Have you heard the latest news? 你听说过这个最新消息吗？ latest adj. 最近的；最新的
e.g. The news is all about the latest meeting. 这条消息是关于最近的会议的。 5. That’s why it’s on the news. 这就是它为什么出现在新闻报导的原因。 That’s why… 这就是为什么……
e.g. That’s why they didn’t like the music.这就是为什么他们不喜欢这个音乐。 on prep. 在(播放)中；关于……
e.g. What’s on the TV? 电视正在播放什么节目？
6. So have they discovered life on Mars? 所以他们在火星上发现生命了吗？ discover v. 发现；找到
e.g. The fact is that he did not discover it. 事实是他没有发现它。 7. Astronauts have already been to the moon. 宇航员已经去过月球了。 already 表示“已经”，常放在 have/ has 之后，通常用于肯定句中。 e.g. Jack has already finished his homework.
have/ has been to 表示曾经去过某地，但现在已经回到他的生活所在地。 e.g. They’ve already been to Suzhou twice. 他们已经去过苏州两次了。 语法小结：just 用来表示“刚刚”，already 用来表示“已经”，一般置于have/has之后，两者都用于肯定句；yet 用在否定句和疑问句，表示“还未”。 have been to 表示“去过某地”，但现在已经回来了；
have gone to 表示“去了某地”，现在不在这里（说话人所在地）
Unit 2 We have not found life on any other planets yet.
Language points
1. Scientists think that there has been life on Earth for hundreds of millions of years. 科学家认为地球上的生命已经有亿万年了。
millions of数百万，hundreds of 数百，thousands of 成千上万，billions of 数十亿
e.g. There are billions of stars in the Galaxy, and our sun is only one of them. 银河系中有数十亿颗恒星，我们的太阳只是其中的一个。 2. However, we have not found life on any other planets yet. 然而，我们还没有在任何其他行星上发现生命。
yet用于否定句和疑问句，意思是“还，尚”。not…yet的意思是“还没，尚未”，表示某事物在某一时间尚未发生，但未来也许会发生。例如：
I haven’t learnt any farther information yet. 我还没有得到进一步的信息。 Have you received her letter yet? 你收到她的来信了吗？
3. The Earth is a planet and it goes around the Sun. Seven other planets also go around the sun. 地球是颗行星，它围绕着太阳转。还有其他七颗行星也围绕着
太阳转。
太阳系的其他七颗行星：水星(Mercury)、金星(Venus)、火星(Mars)、木星(Jupiter)、土星(Saturn)、天王星(Uranus)、海王星(Neptune)。
4. None of them has an environment like that of the earth, so scientists do not think they will find life on them.
他们中没有一个有像地球这样的环境，因此科学家认为在他们上面找不到生命。
none of … 表示（三个以上）一个也没有。做主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。如：None of us has / have been to the Mars. 我们中没一个去过火星。 5. … our solar system is a small part of a much larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy or the Milky Way.
我们的太阳系只是一个由恒星和行星组成的星系的一小部分，这个星系比太阳系大得多，称作银河系或银河。
这里的the Galaxy专指“银河系”，也可以称作 the Milky Way。而galaxy则泛指“星系”。例如：
Scientists have discovered a distant galaxy. 科学家们发现了一个遥远的星系。 6. So how large is the universe? It’s impossible to imagine. 所以宇宙有多大？我们无从想象。
句型: It is +形容词 + to +动词原形，意思是“做某事很……” It is difficult to read these words. 读这些单词很难。
7. With so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space?
宇宙中有这么多恒星，我们是孤独的吗？抑或太空中还有其他生命存在呢？ with + 名词 + 介词短语，表示伴随情况，意思是“带着……”。 例如： Mr. Zhang is coming with a book in his hands. 张老师手里带着一书进来了。
alone 在句中作形容词，不作定语只做表语，也可作副词。意思是“独自地”。例如：
She was alone in that dark room. 她独自一人呆在那黑屋子里。
Unit 3 Language in use
Grammar: 现在完成时(2)
当表示动作已经完成，并对现在有一定影响时，我们一般用现在完成时。同时，可分用just, already或yet加以强调或说明。例如： I have just heard the news.我刚听到消息。
Astronauts have already been to the moon.宇航员已经去过月球了。 He has just started to explore other planets.我们才刚刚开始探索其他行星。 可以看出，just 用来表示“刚刚”， already 用来表示“已经”，两者都用于肯定句中，一般是置于have / has 之后。在否定句中则可用yet, 表示“还未”， 有“以后可以会”的含义。 例如：
The scientists have not heard from it yet. 科学家还没有收到它发出的信息。 Man has not discovered any life in space yet. 人类尚未在太空中发现生命。 另外，在使用现在完成时的时候，要注意与一般过去时的区别。现在完成时在表达经历时只表示该事件是在现在之前的某一个时间里发生的，重点在于已完成动作对现在的影响。而一般过去时则表示在过去某一具体时间发生的事情。例如： I have just been to London. I went there last month.我刚去过伦敦，上个月去的。 I have already finished my homework. I finished it an hour ago. 我已经完成家庭作业了，一小时前完成的。
在没有明确的过去时间状语时，如何判断该用现在完成时还是该用过去时呢？判断的标准是看该行为是否对现在有影响，也就是说该句强调的是什么。试看以下对话：
A: Where have you put my book? I can’t find it.你把我的书放哪儿去了？我找不到。 B: I put it on your desk yesterday. 我昨天放你桌子上了。
该对话中，当A 问对方把自己的书放在何处时，A 感兴趣的是现在的状态，因此用现在完成时。但是B 回答时只是说明当时放的位置，所以用一般过去时。再看下面的对话：
A: Would you like to go and see the film with me tonight ? 你今晚想和我去看电影
吗？
B: Sorry, I have seen it already. 不好意思，我已经看过那部电影了。 对话中的现在完成时表示对结果的强调：“电影看过了，所以不想再看了。
Module 4 Seeing the doctor
Unit 1 I haven’t done much exercise since I got my computer.
Language points
1. I feel ill. 我感觉我生病了。 ill adj. 不健康的；有病的
[拓展] ill和sick都可做形容词，表“生病的，不舒服的”，两者都可作表语。 如：He is ill/sick. 他生病了。 两者作定语时，表达的意义不一样： 如：He is a sick man. 他是个多病的人。 He is an ill man. 他是个坏人。
2. I’ve got a stomachache and my head hurts. 我胃疼，头也疼。 注意疾病的表达方式。常见的表达方式还有：
I have got a headache. =My head hurts/aches. =I have a pain in my head. 3. How long have you been like this? 像这样的情况多久了？ Since Friday. 自周五以来。
1) since 作介词时，与完成时连用，意思是“自……以来；自从”。例如： He has lived here since 1992. 他1992年以来一直住在这里。 2) since 作连词时，有以下用法。
（ 1 ）与完成时连用，意思是“自……以后”，其后面引导含一般过去时态的从句。例如：
I have written home but once since I came here. 我到这里以后只写过一次家信。
（ 2 ）用于“ It’s + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时态的句子”句型。例如： How long is it since you were in London? 你在伦敦多久了？
It is just at a week since we arrived here. 我们到达此地刚好一个星期。
（ 3 ）意思是 “既然，因为”。例如：
Since we have no money, we can’t buy it. 因为我们没钱，我们买不起（它）。 Since you insist, I must go. 因为你坚持，我就必须去了。
[注意] 当 since 与完成时态连用时，主句中的谓语动词需用延续性动词。所以一些终止性动词必须及时转化为延续性动词。 4. Let me take your temperature. 让我来给你量下体温。 take sb’s temperature, 表示“量某人的体温”。
例如：I took my temperature last night. 我昨晚量了下我的体温。 5. Do you do any exercise？你锻炼吗？
exercise表示“锻炼”，是不可数名词，没有复数。 例如：You should take more exercise. 你应该多锻炼。
6. Take it three times a day. 一天吃三次。 take 表示“吃，喝”。也有“拿走”的意思。 例如：I often forget to take my umbrella.
我常常忘记带我的雨伞。
Unit 2 We have played football for a year now.
Language points
1. I was not feeling very well. well表示“健康的”，是形容词。
e.g. The girl feels well after taking medicine. 吃了药女孩感觉好了。 well表示“好地”，是副词。 e.g. Do you eat well at school? 你在学校吃得好吗?
2. Now I get exercise by taking him for a walk every day. by doing sth.表示“通过某种方式做某事“。 e.g. He learns English by taking notes. 他通过记笔记学习英语。
3. And she also takes part in the training with us.
take part in表示“参加”，侧重于参加活动。 e.g. Would you like to take part in the party tonight? 你愿意参加今晚的聚会吗？
join也表示“参加”，侧重于参加组织、党派、团体或某人之中。 e.g. He is too young to join the army. 他太年轻了, 还不能参军。
John joined a football club a few days ago. 约翰几天前加入了一个足球俱乐部。 4. She is in excellent condition too.
in excellent condition或in condition表示“健康状况良好”。 out of condition表示“健康状况不佳”。
e.g. Do exercise every day and you will be back in excellent condition soon. 每天做运动，你不久就能恢复健康。
Do more exercises or you will be out of condition. 多做锻炼否则你会身体不好的。 5. Since then, it has become part of my life. since then表示“自从那时”。
e.g. I haven't seen him since then. 从那时候起我就再没见过他。 6. I feel awful.
feel awful,表示“感到不舒服”。 7. My legs hurt and I am hot all over. all over表示“浑身，到处”。
e.g. The boy is black all over because he fell into the mud. 男孩浑身都是黑，因为他摔到泥里了。
Unit 3 Language in use Grammar
现在完成时（3）
1. 现在完成时定义：也可以表示某一动作从过去一直延续到现在。 e.g. Jane has kept the book for three days. 简已经借这本书三天了。
The boy has had the bike since last Sunday. 自从上周五，这个男孩就买了这辆自行车。 2. 现在完成时的时间短语：
for和since时间短语是现在完成时的常用时间短语，是现在完成时的标志。 for后面加时间段，表示一段时间。 例如：for two weeks for one month
since后面加时间点，表示自……以来。 例如：since last week since 2008 注意：对for和since时间短语提问用How long 现在完成时
1. 动词分为延续性动词（表示延续性的动作或状态）和瞬间动词（表示动作在瞬间完成）。
e.g. 延续性动词：run sit sleep play 瞬间动词：see die decide buy
2. 延续性动词常和表示时间段的短语连用。例如for短语和since短语。 瞬间动词不能和for短语和since短语连用。 e.g. His father has died for two years.(×) His father has been dead for two years. (√)
Module 5 Cartoons Unit 1 It’s time to watch a cartoon. Language points
1. Do cartoons always end in a happy way? 卡通片常以快乐的方式结束吗？ in a … way 表示“以一种…的方式”。
e.g. He talked about it in a similar way. 他对此事有相似的说法。 2. It’s time to watch a cartoon. 是时候看卡通片了。 It’s time to do sth. 表示“该做某事的时候了”。 It’s time for sth./doing sth.表示“该做某事的时候了”。
e.g. It’s time to have breakfast. =It’s time for breakfast. 该吃早饭了。 3. He can fly through the sky and fight bad people. 他能在空中飞并且打败坏人。 fight v. (fought, fought) 与……战斗 n. 战斗；斗争 fight sb. “和某人打仗” fight for sth. “为…打仗”
e.g. Let’s fight poverty and disease together. 让我们一起来克服贫困和疾病。 4. He keeps fighting bad people. 他坚持和坏人作斗争。 keep doing sth. “坚持做某事”。
e.g. We must keep learning English every day. 我们必须坚持每天学英语。 5. I can’t help laughing when I watch them. 我看这些总禁不住大笑。 can’t help doing sth. “禁不住做某事”。
e.g. The boy can’t help crying when he knows what is happening. 当男孩知道发生了什么的时候禁不住地哭了。 6. I think there’s a lesson there! 我认为这里面蕴含着道理。 lesson n. “经验，教训”
e.g. This is a lesson for you of all! 这就是给你们所有人的教训！
Unit 2 Tinting has been popular for over eighty years.
Language points
1. Nemo is a cute orange-and-white fish.
orange-and-white意为“橙白相间的”, 是复合形容词，中间用连字符连接，用来修饰后面的名词。复合形容词没有复数。 e.g. He is a ten-year-old boy now.
2. But both of them have won the hearts of young people all over the world. win the heart of sb. /win sb’s heart 意为“赢得某人的喜欢”。 e.g. The play won the hearts of the audience.
3. He leads a group of monkeys against the Emperor of Heaven and his men. lead v. (led, led) 领导; 率领
lead sb. against … 表示“带领某人反对…”。
e.g. Mr Clare led his workmates against the cruel boss.
4. Parents and children laugh together as the Monkey King makes a terrible mess in heaven.
as conj. 当……时
e.g. I lived with my grandmother as I was a little child. 5. They always expect to see more the Monkey King cartoons. expect v. 期盼；等待
expect + n. / pron. 期待某人或某物” expect + to do sth. 期待去做某事 expect + sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事 e.g. I’ll expect your idea. I expect to find you there.
Do you expect me to stay after the holiday? 6. Ever since the artist Herge invented him in 1929.
ever since 表示“自从”，所引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。
7. Fans have bought about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than fifty languages.
copy n. (一)本; (一)份
e.g. Have you got a copy of yesterday’s newspaper? We are offering a free gift with each copy you buy.
8. … , and drew the cartoons to satisfy older people as well as children. satisfy v. 满足; 使满意
e.g. The result of the test satisfied the teachers.
Unit 3 Language in use
Grammar
一般过去时常犯错误
1. 把动词变为过去式易出错。 例如：They stoped talking just now.
解析：stop的过去时为stopped。辅音加y，y变i加ed；元音加y，在词尾直 接加ed。
2. 忘记把动词变为过去式。
例如：I fly kites on the afternoon of last Sunday.
解析：fly应该用过去式flew。对此，我们应该记住在一般过去时的时态里，过去式不要忘记。 3. 在句式变换时出错。
例如：We didn’t went last Friday. 解析：didn’t went应改为didn’t go。 请记住“见助动词用原形”。 4. 易与现在完成时弄混。
例如：I saw the film, so I don’t want to go now.
解析：正确答案为：I have seen the film, so I don’t want to go now.“我不想去”说明了我了解这部影片的内容，强调现在的情况，应该用现在完成时。 时态区分
一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时。观察下列句子。 1. I often watch cartoons films. 我经常看卡通片。 2. I watched Spiderman last week. 我上周看了《蜘蛛侠》。
3. I have already watched Spiderman. I do not want to watch it again.
我已看过《蜘蛛侠》了，不想再看了。 可以看出：
1. 经常性、习惯性的动作，所以用一般过去时。 2. 在过去某个时间发生的行为，用一般过去时。
3. 动作也是在过去，但是没有明确的表示过去的时间，并且强调的是结果，即现在不想看了，所以用现在完成时。
Module 6 Hobbies
Unit 1 Do you collect anything?
Language points
1. Which hobby do you think takes up the most space? take up 占用，从事
e.g. They take up too much space. 它们占了太多空间。 He decided to take up journalism. 他决定从事新闻业。 2. Let me have a look.
have a look 看一看，后面不加名词。 have a look at sth. 看……, 后加宾语。
e.g. You’d better go to the factory and have a look. 你最好到厂里去看一看。 Let me have a look at the map. 让我看看这张地图。
3. People often give me fans as presents because they know I like them. as prep. 作为，当
e.g. The foreigner will come to our home as a guest. 那个外国人将会作为客人来我们家。 4. They must be very valuable.
must 一定，肯定，用于表示某事可能是真实的。 must be 必定是，用于表示确切判断。
e.g. In England traffic must keep to the left. 在英国，车辆必须靠左行驶。 He must be an honest boy. 他肯定是一个诚实的孩子。 5. My hobby doesn’t cost as much as yours. as … as 和……一样……
e.g. His fans are as valuable as yours. 他的扇子和你的一样有价值。 6. Their value isn’t always important. value n. 价值；有用性 valuable adj. 值钱的；有价值的
e.g. This book will be of great value to him in his study. 这本书将对他的研究有很大价值。
This painting is very valuable. 这幅绘画非常名贵。
Unit 2 Hobbies can make you grow as a person.
Language points
1. Many students have hobbies, such as reading, painting, growing vegetables and looking after animals.
such as 表示“例如”，等于for example。 例如：
He learns many subjects, such as English, math and Chinese. 他学习好多科目，比如，英语，数学和语文。
2. Hobbies can make you grow as a person, develop your interests and help you learn new skills.
grow as a person，表示“长大成人”。
develop one’s interests，表示“发展某人的兴趣”。develop 表示“发展，提高”。 e.g. The course can help you develop your speaking skills. 这门课程可以帮助你提高口语表达能力。
3. As well as the usual activities, such as sailing and climbing, there was a writing class.
as well as 表示“也，还，而且”。后面加名词或动词ing形式。 例如：
We all want to visit Beijing as well as Shanghai. 我们除了想去北京以外，还想去上海。
4. Then she encouraged us to write about our experiences at the camp. encourage sb. to do sth. 表示“鼓励某人去做某事”。 例如：
My father always encouraged me to speak aloud in front of people. 我父亲总是鼓励我在人们面前大声说话。
5. Back at school, David wrote a story about the life of a sixteen-year-old boy, and it came out as a book in 2012.
come out 表示“出版，发行”。还表示“显露”。例如： The book came out at his early age. 这本书在他年龄还小的时候就出版了。 At last the truth came out. 真相终于大白了。
6…., and as a result, David has become a successful young writer. as a result表示“结果”。后面用逗号隔开。 so表示“因此”，后面不用逗号隔开。 例如：
The girl kept studying hard, as a result, she got good marks in the final exam. The girl kept studying hard, so she got good marks in the final exam. 这个女孩学习一直很努力，因此，她在期末考试的时候考了好成绩。 7. I spend some of my free time playing volleyball for my school team.
spend time (in) doing sth. 表示“花费时间做某事”。介词in可以省略；如果表示“在某物上花费时间”，要用spend time on sth. 例如：
I spend one hour (in) reading every evening. 我每天晚上花一个小时看书。
Unit 3 Language in use
Grammar
简单句的基本结构
英语是一种结构型的语言，动词在句型构成中起着重要作用。英语的句子以谓语为中心，前面是动作的执行者（被动语态除外），后面接动作的承受者。 1.主语+系动词+表语（+状语） 主语 These books Tom 系动词 are is 表语 interesting. very happy 状语 today. 2. 主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语） 主语 The first book 谓语 came out 状语 in 2009. The rain
has stopped. 3.（状语+）主语+谓（及物动词+宾（+状语） 状语 主语 I 谓语 bought prepares 宾语 a very good book breakfast 状语 last week. for me. Every day my mother
4.主语 + 谓语（及物动词）+ 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 +（状语） 主语 谓语 语 His hobby has brought him enjoyment. 间接宾直接宾语 状语 My father bought me a very good bike on my birthday.
5.主语 + 谓语（及物动词）+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语（+状语） 主语 We 谓语 can help 宾语 宾语补足语 状语 step by step. you develop new skills. I do not want you to work too hard. The news made everyone happy.
6. There +be +主语（+状语）
There There There be are is 主语 many books a very nice cup 状语 in his schoolbag. on the table.
Module 7 Summer in Los Angeles
Unit 1 Please write to me and send me some photos!
Language points
1. I’m making a list of things for my trip. make a list “列清单“。 make a list of … “列…的清单”。
e.g. I usually make a list of things before going shopping. 2. I’m leaving at the end of July.
at the end of … “在…的结尾，在…的末端”。 e.g. The hospital is at the end of the street. 3. Shorts are good, or you can wear light trousers.
shorts“短裤”，用复数。trousers “裤子”，用复数。另外，sunglasses表示“太 阳镜”，用复数。在表示“一副、一条”时，用a pair of。
4. If you’ve already paid for the air tickets and for homestay, it should be OK. pay for “支付…的费用, 为……付款”。
e.g. My father paid for my driving lessons. 我爸爸支付了我学车的费用。 homestay 指吃住在当地人家里，实际体验当地人的生活。 5. Oh, by the way, don’t forget to take your passport.
By the way “顺便说一下”，用于转入与刚才说的主题无关的事。 e.g. By the way, why not drop in for a drink? 顺便问一句，今晚来我家喝一杯怎么样？
don’t forget to do sth. “不要忘记做某事”。等于remember to do sth. e.g. Don’t forget to take your homework when you go to school tomorrow.
Unit 2 Fill out our form and come to learn English in Los Angeles!
Language points
1. You will love coming to Los Angeles to learn about American culture and improve your English at the same time. at the same time 表示“同时”。
例如：We got to the airport at the same time. 2. The courses last for four, six or eight weeks.
last for … 表示“持续多长时间”。如：The water shortage will last for one year. 3. It depends on your personal choice. depend v. 视……而定；决定于
如：The cooking time needed depends on the size of the potato. depend on 表示“取决于”。例如: Your choice depends on your interest. 4. We provide books, and we set tests every week to check your progress. provide表示“提供”。provide sth. for sb. 表示“为某人提供某物”。
例如：The company provided some goods for people in need after earthquake. progress表示“进步”。make progress表示“取得进步”。 例如：You will make great progress if you study hard. set tests 表示“设置考试”。
5. As well as learning English, we want you to experience life in the US. as well as 表示“除了”。
例如：I want three bags of milk as well as some bread.
6. Many families form close friendships with the students and stay in touch with them.
form/make a friendship with sb. 表示“和某人建立友谊”。
例如: Did you form a close friendship with anyone while you were in high school? stay/keep in touch 表示“保持联系”。
stay/keep in touch with sb. 表示“和某人保持联系”。 例如：Wherever you go, keep in touch with me, please.
7. You are certain to get the best possible experience of English learning and life in
the US.
be certain to do sth. 表示“确定做某事”。等于be sure to do sth. 例如：We are certain to get there in time.
8. Do not wait—fill out our form and come to learn English in Los Angeles!
fill out 表示“填充，填写”。等于fill in。例如：Please fill out the form of the test at once.
Unit 3 Language in use
Grammar
The compound sentence 并列复合句
1. 并列复合句的定义：由并列连词and, but, or等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。 例如：
Jane has kept the book for three days and she must return it tomorrow. The boy fell off the bike, but he didn’t hurt. 2. 并列复合句的构成： 并列复合句的基本结构是： 简单句+并列连词+简单句 例如：
I help him and he helps me.
You must put on your coat, or you’ll have a bad cold in such a cold day. 3. 并列连词前后简单句之间的关系。 (1) 并列关系。
如：They are watching TV, and the others are listening to the radio. (2) 选择关系。
如：The children can go with us, or they can stay at home. 3) 转折关系。
如：She was tired, but she did not stop working. 4. 使用并列复合句要注意的几种情况。
(1) 并列复合句有时可不用连词，而用分号隔开（前后句之间的关系须相当紧密）。如：We fished all day; we did not catch a single fish.
(2) 并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。如：Snoopy lives in his own world and (Snoopy) finds real life hard to understand.
Module 8 Time off
Unit 1 I can hardly believe we’re in the city centre.
Language points
1. It’s so quiet here that I can even hear the birds singing! 这里安静得我甚至能听见鸟叫的声音。
so…that 引导结果状语从句, 意为“如此……, 以至于……”。
e.g. I was so tired that I slept in this chair. 我太累了, 在椅子上睡着了。 2. I can hardly believe we’re in the city centre. 我几乎不敢相信我们是在市中心。 hardly adv. 几乎不, 几乎没
e.g. I can hardly finish the work in a day. 我不可能一天内完成这项工作。 hard adv. 努力
e.g. You must work hard. 你必须努力工作。 3. The lake takes up over half of the park area. 湖占据了这个公园一半多的面积。 take up 表示“占去(时间或空间)”。
e.g. This desk takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地方。 4. Then I can point out the sights of Beijing for you. 然后我可以为你们指中北京的景点。 point out 表示“指出，指明”。
e.g. If you see that boy, please point him out for me. 如果你看到那个男孩, 请把他指给我看。
5. I don’t think they allow people to swim in the lake. 我想这里禁止游泳。
allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人去做某事”。 e.g. My parents won’t allow me to come back late. 我父母不允许我晚回来。
Unit 2 We thought somebody was moving about.
Language points
1. It’s very large, about 480 square kilometres. square kilometre, 表示“平方公里”。例如：
Our school is about one square kilometre, it’s very large. 2. It’s famous for the strange shape of its tall rocks.
be famous for 是一个固定短语，意为“因……而闻名；以……著名”。主语既可以是表示人的词语也可以是表示地点的词语。主语是表示人的词语时，表示以某种技能或特征而闻名；主语是表示地点的词语时，表示以某种特产或某处名胜古迹而著名。 如：
The town is famous for its hot springs. He is famous for his sweet voice. shape 表示“形状”。例如： What’s the shape of the building? That cloud has a strange shape. 3. It woke everybody up.
wake的过去式为woke，过去分词为 woken。wake up是固定短语，意为“叫醒……”。当wake up的宾语是名词时，宾语可放在wake和up的中间或up的后面；当wake up的宾语是代词时，宾语只能放在wake和up的中间。例如： Don’t wake up the baby. = Don’t wake the baby up. Let’s wake him up now.
4. We came out without making any noise,... without doing sth. 表示“没有做某事”。
make noise 表示“产生噪音，发出声响。 例如：
He walked past me without making any noise. 5. We thought somebody was moving about. somebody 表示“某人”，用在肯定句中。 在否定句和疑问句中要用anybody。例如： Is there anybody playing football on the playground? 6. But it was a pity that it was cloudy.
“It’s a pity that + 从句”，表示“很遗憾 ...…”。例如：
It’s a pity that he failed the exam. 7. I pulled a leaf off a plant,...
pull 作动词时，可意为“拉，拖，拔”，表示把物体用力向自己的方向拉并使其移动。和pull相对应的词是push，意为“推”。如： Don’t push the door. Pull it, please.
pull sth. off … 表示“从…...拉下...…”。例如： The child pulled a flower off the plant.
Unit 3 Language in use
Grammar
介绍宾语从句的定义和分类。 一、定义
我们在第六模块复习了简单句的几种基本句型, 其中有一种是“主语+谓语+宾语”的结构。其中, 名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或to do形式都可以作宾语，例如buy a book, beat him, stop doing sth., want to do sth.等。这些例子中的宾语是用一个单词或短语来表达的。
但是, 当要用英语表达“我知道你昨天去看电影了”时，我们就无法在know后用一个单词表达出“你昨天去看电影了”这个意思。“你昨天去看电影了”这个结构中包含行为本身，行为的发出者和行为的承受者，是一个完整的句子，因此只能用句子表达。这种放在动词后面作宾语的句子, 我们称为“宾语从
句”。 二、类型
宾语从句分为三类： 1. that 引导的宾语从句
I hope (that) it will snow this winter. 2. whether/if 引导的宾语从句 I’m not sure if he will come. 3. 疑问词引导的宾语从句
I want to know what he will do next. 三、that引导的宾语从句
当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“希望、相信、知道、说”时，其后面的句子一般用that引导。that 没有任何词汇含义，只有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句。多数情况下 that 可以省略。例如： I hope (that) it will snow this winter. Betty thinks (that) trees can improve the air.
常接 that 宾语从句的谓语动词有：believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, under, stand, warn, wish等。 四、宾语从句的时态
主句中谓语动词是一般现在时，从句中谓语动词的时态不受限制，可根据具体情况判断时态；主句中谓语动词是一般过去时，从句中也必须要用某种过去时态，以保持时态的前后呼应。注意当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时，则用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。
试比较：
He says that he wants to see him as soon as possible． He said that he wanted to see him as soon as possible． 他说他想尽快见到他。
He says that he is mending his bike． He said that he was mending his bike．
The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun． 宾语从句的否定转移
主句是 I/We think/suppose/guess/ believe 等，从句中的否定习惯上要转移到主句中，这就是否定转移。
e.g. 我认为鸡不会游泳。 误：I think chickens can not swim． 正：I don't think chickens can swim.
Module 9 Friendship
Unit 1 Could I ask if you’ve mentioned this to her?
Language points
1. We got separated when we went to different schools last term, but we stayed in touch.
get separated 表示“分开，分隔”。 e.g. We got separated when we were young. 我们小时候就分开了。
2. So could you explain what happened then? explain v. 解释；说明
explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事 e.g. Can you explain the rules of the game? 你能说明一下游戏规则吗？ I’ll explain the problem to you. 我会向你解释这个问题。 3. Could I ask if you’ve mentioned this to her? mention sth. to sb. 表示“向某人说起某事”。
e.g. I mentioned this idea to my mum, and she seemed to like it. 我把这个想法跟妈妈说了，她好像挺喜欢的。 4. But she refused to listen.
refuse to do sth.表示“拒绝去做某事”。
e.g. I refused to buy those things. 我拒绝买那些东西。 5. Do you know why she treats you like that? treat sb. like that 表示“向那样对待某人”。
e.g. He treated me like that when I was in trouble. 当我遇到麻烦时，他那样对我。
6. Maybe she doesn’t feel very sure of herself in her new school. herself 表示“她自己”。是反身代词。
e.g. She can look after herself. 她可以照顾她自己。 7. Try to find out whether she feels lonely without you.
whether 表示“是否”，相当于 if。feel lonely 表示“感到孤独”。 e.g. He asked me whether she was coming. 他问我她是否来。 a lonely house in the country 乡下一间孤零零的房子 8. I’m sure she regrets hurting you.
regret 表示“懊悔，遗憾”。 regret doing sth. 表示“遗憾做了某事”。 e.g. I regret disturbing you when you study in class. 我很懊悔在你学习的时候打扰你。 9. Try to introduce her to them.
introduce … to sb. 表示“向某人介绍…”。
e.g. Let me introduce my friend to you. 让我向你介绍我的朋友。 10. So be patient with her and explain to her that she can make friends with your other friends too.
be patient with 表示“对……有耐心”。
e.g. Ms Wang is always patient with her students. 王老师对她的学生很有耐心。 make friends with sb. 意为“与某人交朋友” e.g. I am glad to make friends with you. 我很高兴能和你交朋友。 11. I’ll encourage her to join in more.
encourage sb. to do sth. 表示“鼓励某人去做某事”。
e.g. My teacher always encourage us to speak English aloud in class.
我们老师总是鼓励我们在课堂上大声说英语。 join in 表示“加入，参加”。指参加某项活动。 e.g. Would you like to join in the party tonight? 你来参加今晚的派对吗？
Unit 2 I believe that the world is what you think it is.
Language points
1. Every time I heard the other students talking and laughing, I felt even more lonely. every time, 表示“每次”。在本句中引导一个状语从句。every time等于each time。例如：Every time/Each time I ask you to do something, you always say you are too busy.
2. One day, my classmates were talking with their friends, but I sat in silence. in silence, 表示“安静地，沉默地”。 例如：He reads the book in silence.
3. Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. bright表示“明亮的，欢快的”，形容词。例如： The bright lights arrested the boy's attention.
4. Day by day, I learnt to trust people, and they include me in their circle of friends. day by day, 表示“一天天地，渐渐地”。 如：It is getting warmer day by day. trust表示“信任，相信”。如： n. A good marriage is based on trust.
v. If you break your word, he will never trust you again. include表示“包括，把……列为一部分”。 例如：Please include me in the list. 5. And we stick together like glue. stick表示“粘，粘贴”。如：
What's wrong with this stamp? It won't stick.
6. My suggestion is: Smile at the world and it will smile back.
suggestion是不可数名词，表示“建议”。它的动词形式为suggest。例如： I suggested doing exercise every day.
Unit 3 Language in use
Grammar
一、whether/if引导的宾语从句
如果我们要表达像“他不知道他们周六是否会去植树”或“我记不清以前是否见过他”这样的不确定的概念时，从句就要用 whether 或 if 来引导，不能用 that。 e.g.
He does not know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday.
Tom wants to know whether/if he needs to come early tomorrow.
注意：if与whether引导宾语从句时都有“是否”的意思，一般情况下可以互换。
但是在动词不定式之前、介词之后或者句尾有or not出现时，一般只能用whether。
e.g. We haven’t decided whether to go or not.
The old woman asked me whether/if I knew the way to the bank. 二、疑问词引导的宾语从句
whether/if及疑问词引导的宾语从句 疑问词引导的宾语从句。
通过本模块的学习，相信同学们已经注意到，有的宾语从句既不用that引导，也不用whether或if引导，而是用when，where，how或why等疑问词引导，这是从句意思表达的需要。
例如要表达“他问什么时间出发”时，句中的“什么时间”之类的疑问时，我们就要使用相应的疑问词来引导从句。
但是，在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述句语序。例如： He asks how we can help protect the environment. Do you know when we will hold the sports meeting? Summary
whether/if及疑问词引导的宾语从句
从句如果用whether或if来引导，表示“是否”。 例如：
He does not know whether they will plant trees on Saturday or not. He asks whether/if we will go fishing on Sunday. if和whether的区别：
从句后面还有or not的话，一般就要选择whether，构成whether … or not 的结构。
疑问词引导的宾语从句。
1. 用when，where，how或why等疑问词引导，这是从句意思表达的需要。 2. 在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述句语序。例如： I want to know where he will go tomorrow.
Module 10 On the radio
Unit 1 I hope that you can join us one day.
Language points
1. I’m the news director at Radio Beijing.
director “导演，主管，经理”。是名词。动词为direct。 2. When it’s on, it means we’re on air.
on air, “（广播或电视）播出，正在广播”。
e.g. We will be on air in about five minutes. 我们将在大约五分钟后开始广播。 3. Thank you for showing us around. show “引领，带领”。
show sb. around, “带某人参观，给某人做向导”。
e.g. Shall I show you around the factory? 我带你去参观工厂, 好吗? 4. And we should avoid making any noise in the background! avoid“避免，防止”
avoid + doing sth. “避免做某事”
e.g. Please try to avoid making the same mistake next time.
下次请尽量避免犯同样的错误。
5. So keep studying, and I hope that you can join us one day. keep doing sth. 表示“坚持做某事”。
e.g. Keep climbing until you get to the top of the mountain. 6. And it is where we do interviews with the big sports stars. interview 采访，访谈”。是可数名词。 do an interview with sb. “采访某人” give an interview to… “接受……的采访”
e.g. I want to do interviews with the headmaster at school next month.
Unit 2 It seemed that they were speaking to me in person.
Step 7 Language points
1. The radio manager looked down at me. look down at sb. 向下看着某人
e.g. Tom, look down at the river. See all those boats and ships? 汤姆，看下面的河。看到那些大大小小的船只吗？ 2. I sat close to the radio in the living room.
close to 临近，靠近 sit close to sth 坐在…的旁边
e.g. Take away the box close to the desk. 把那个盒子放在靠近桌子的地方。 3. I sat close to the radio in the living room, listening to my favorite programmes and to the voices of my favorite presenters.
(listening…presenters) 在句中做状语，表示伴随。my favorite programmes 和the voice of my favorite programmes并列做listening to 的宾语，and后面省略了listening。
4. It seemed that they were speaking not to lots of listeners but to me in person. It seems +that从句：看起来似乎……
It seems to sb.+ that从句：在某人看来似乎…… e.g. It seemed that she was interested in the book. in person 亲自，本人
e.g. She went to New York to receive the award in person.
5. At the age of nine, I asked for part-time jobs in small radio stations. ask for 要，寻求 at the age of 在几岁时
e.g. At the age of five he showed great interest in the music. 他在五岁时显示出对音乐的兴趣。 6. I did this by looking out of the window.
look out of the window 向窗外看 by doing sth. 通过做某事 e.g. I learned English by reading magazines. 我通过读杂志学习英语。 7. The purpose is to check the sound level the purpose is to do sth. 目的是做某事
e.g. The purpose is to get the main idea of the article. 目的是为了了解文章大意。
Unit 3 Language in use
Grammar
宾语从句的时态。
一、在前两个模块中，我们学习了三种宾语从句。 除了我们讲过的引导词和语序问题，还有一个时态问题。 请同学们观察下面宾语从句的时态特点。 (1) I can hardly believe we are in the city centre.
(2) I am sure it will be fantastic to see the city from the top. (3) I did not know who she was.
(4) We thought somebody was moving about.
(5) Lingling’s uncle said that it was wrong to pull leaves off plants…
从上面的句子中我们不难发现，宾语从句的时态和主句的时态是息息相关的。 当主句是现在时态时，从句可以根据实际情况选择不同时态。 当主句是过去时态时，从句一般使用相应的过去时态。 二、时态运用
1.当主句是现在时态时，从句可以根据实际情况选择不同时态。 现在时包括一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。 e.g. He tells us that he will go shopping later. I don’t know why you were surprised.
2. 当主句是过去时态时，从句一般使用相应的过去时态。
过去时态包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时。 e.g. I heard that how you felt.
He asked if he could watch TV after finishing his homework. 3. 当宾语从句为客观事实、客观真理时，要用一般现在时。 e.g. He told me that the earth goes round the sun.
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