上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The people that/who come to visit the city are all here. (在句子中做主语) (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? (在句子中做宾语)5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?――――附练习（一） 定 语 从 句 练 习练习(一)
请分析一下定语从句：( 请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1. Check the ways you study for an English test. 2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didn’t like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school.
10. 12. 13. 14. 15. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. All I ever wanted to do was traveling.
二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man ________ wants to see you.2. The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
The man __________ you went to see has come.
The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.
The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher. The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.The man ___________was passing by saw what happened.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.
The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.
A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.The book ¬¬¬¬¬____________ is on the table is mine.
The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.
I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing?
Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.
三、单项选择
( ) 1. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose( ) 2. What’s the name of the program________. A. which are listening B. you are listening to C. to that you are listening D. that you are listening( ) 3. The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday. A. in which B. in that this C. all that D. in everything( ) 4. He was the only person in his office______ was invited. A. whom B. whose C. that D. which( ) 5. This is the museum______ we visited last year. A. where B. in which C. which D. in that( ) 6. Charlie told his mother all____ had happened. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 7. Do you know the student_____? A. whom I often talk B. with who I often talk C. I often talk with D. that I often talk
( ) 8. I like the house_____ windows face south. A. whose B. who’s C. it's D. its( ) 9. Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____? A. what I need B.I need C. which I need it D. that I need it( )10. The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor. A. who B. to whom C. whom D. that
练习(一)
一、注：（划了线的是定语从句） 方框里的词是先行词 1. Check the ways you study for an English test. （2. Another thing that I found very difficult was English grammar. 3. You couldn’t understand people who talked fast. 4. I have some ideas that may help. 5. They said something you didn’t like. 6. Can you think of any problems you have had recently?8. He would always take pride in everything good I do. 9. My friends and I talked about the rules that we have in school. 10. What are some of the rules that a teenager should obey?12. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
13. Standing very close to the person you are talking with is quite common in some countries. 14. If you know someone you know doing this, you can ask them. 15. All I ever wanted to do was traveling.
二、用关系代词填空：that 、which 、who、 whom 、whose 1. This is the man __that \\who ______ wants to see you.2. The student ____ that \\who _______ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3. The man _____ that \\who _____ you went to see has come.4. The man _____ that \\who _\\whom_____I met yesterday lent me some money.5. The woman ______ that \\who \\whom_________ you saw is our geography teacher. 6. The runner _______ that \\who \\whom_________ you are asking about is over there.7. The person _____ that \\who \\whom_________ you should write to is Mr. Ball.8. The man _____ that \\who ______was passing by saw what happened.9. Here is the pen ___that \\which______ you lost the day before yesterday.10. These books ____that \\which_________ you lent me were very useful.
11. The storybook _______ that \\which______ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12. A clock is a machine ____ that \\which___ tells people the time.13. This is shirt _______ that \\which_________I bought yesterday.
14. A dictionary is a book ___ that \\which___________ gives the meaning to the word.15. The book ¬¬¬¬¬_____ that \\which________ is on the table is mine.
16. The film _______ that \\which______ they are talking about is very interesting.17. I will never forget the people and the places __that___ I have ever visited.18. Is there anyone ______whose______ family is in Beijing?
19. Show me the boy _____whose_________ mother is a well-known singer.20. The boy____whose__ father is a teacher is good at English.
三选择1-5 ADACC6-10 ACABB
1.构成
表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示，而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下：（1）一般情况下，动词词尾加 -ed ，如： worked played wanted acted
（2）以不发音的 -e 结尾动词，动词词尾加 -d，如： lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i 再加-ed，如： studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加 stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
-ed，如：
（5）注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。 go - went，make - made，get - got ，buy - bought ，come - came ，fly-flew ，is/am-was，are-were ，see-saw ，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught, think-thought, say-said,sit-sat. read-read, spend-spent, eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,fell-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew, put-put,grow-grew,take,took,catch-caught,come-camebecome-became,swim-swam 2.读法：
规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音：
1. 在清辅音后读作[t]。如：asked, helped, watched, stopped
2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如：enjoyed, studied, moved, called 3. 在t / d后读作[id]。如：wanted, needed
不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法：
1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat 2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent 3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew
5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
一般现在时定义
一般现在时。表示通常性、规律性、习惯性的状态或者动作（有时间规律发生的事件）的一种时间状态。（很拗口，但是要学会就必须深刻体会） 基本结构构成表 肯定式 I work.
疑问式 否定式 否定疑问式
Do I work? I do not work. Do I not work?
You work. Do you work? You do not work. Do you not work?We work. Do we work? We do not work. Do we not work?
They work. Do they work? They do not work. Do they not work?
He(She,It) works. Does he(she,it) work? He(She,It) does not work. Does he(she,it) not work?
口诀
当主语是第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词三单+其他
否定句 主语+doesn't+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Does+主语+动词原形+其他 肯定回答 Yes，主语+does 否定回答 No，主语+doesn't
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 当主语不是第三人称单数时 肯定句 主语+动词原形+其他
否定句 主语+don't+动词原形+其他 一般疑问句 Do+主语+动词原形+其他 用错结构全句都错，一定要注意。 第三人称单数变化规律
情况 构成方法? 读音? 例词?一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ 浊辅音和元音后读/z/ swim-swims； help-helps；like-likes
以o结尾的词 加-s或-es 读/z/ tomatoes；potatoes；photos以ce,se,ze,ge等结尾的词 加 -s 读/iz/ prices；cases；oranges以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词 加 -es 读/iz/ teach-teaches；bus-buses以辅音字母+y结尾的词 变y 为i再加es 读/z/ study-studies 以f或fe结尾的词 去f或fe该加ves 读/iz/ wife-wives knife-knives leaf -leaves
具体用法表示
1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 时间状语： always, usually,regularly,every morning/night/evening/day/week,often,sometimes,occasionally,from time to time,twice a week,rarely,seldom,once a month, hardly, ever,never. e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.
.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。 e.g. I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. 3.表示客观事实和普遍真理。
e.g The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.
4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 5.表示预先计划或安排好的行为。
6.小说故事用一般现在时代替一般过去时。新闻报道类的内容，为了体现其“新鲜”性，也用一般现在时来表示过去发生的事情。
7.有些表示状态和感觉的动词表示现在发生的具体行为时，只用一般现在时，而不用进行时态。
8.表示现在发生的具体动作或存在的状态
9表示格言或警句中。 e.g Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
☆注意★：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。再如：Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。 一般现在时表将来
1）下列动词：come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return,live,fly的一般现在时表将来。这主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情(即按照固定时间表将来发生的动作)。 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. When does the bus start? It starts in ten minutes. 2）倒装句，表示动作正在进行，如： There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.
3）在时间或条件句中。 When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. I'll
write to you as soon as I arrive there.
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等后。 I hope they have a nice time next week. Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 5).表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的事。 出发。
We leave very soon.
我们很快就离开。
The train starts at 10 o'clock in the morning.
He starts next week.
他下个星期
火车将在早上10点开出。
这类用法限于表示“移动”的动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start出发，begin开始，arrive到达，take off起飞，等。
牛津版小学英语现在进行时（讲解、练习、答案）
一、概念
现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作．
结构：助动词 be ( am / is / are ) +现在分词.二、 现在分词的构成：
1.大多数动词后可在动词后直接加-ing．
Eg: carry-carrying,catch-catching,drink-drinking, enjoy-enjoying hurry-hurrying ,do-doing , read-reading , think-thinking
2. 如果动词以-e结尾,则去掉-e,再加-ing,
如come-coming , have-having , make-making,ride-riding,write-writing,take-taking,use-using．
3. 如果动词只有一个元音字母,而其后跟有一个辅音字母时,将此辅音字母双写,再加-ing 如： hit-hitting,let-letting, put-putting,run-running,sit-sitting．
4. 如果动词有两个音节,且重音在第二个音节上,则末尾的辅音字母须双写,再加-ing,
如: for’get-forgetting,pre’fer-preferring,up’set-upsetting．试比较 ’benefit/benfiting, ’differ/differing,’profit/profiting,这些词的重音在第一个音节上,因此其末尾的辅音字母不双写．
5. 以 -ic 结尾的动词,应先把 -ic 变为 -ick,再加 -ing,eg: panic/panicking,picnic/picnicking,但 lie/lying ,die/dying,tie/tying是特殊变化要记住．
三、句型结构：
1.现在进行时的肯定形式、否定形式、疑问形式及其回答,所有变化都体现在助动词 be ( is / am / are ) 上．
1)现在进行时的肯定形式：主语+be(am/ is/are)+doing+其他成分 I am singing . They are writing .
2)现在进行时的否定形式:主语+be(am/ is/are)+not +doing+其他成分
I am not singing . They aren’t writing .
3）一般疑问句及回答：be(am/ is/are)+ 主语+doing+其他成分 Am I singing ? Yes ,you are . / No ,you aren’t .
Are they writing ? Yes ,they are . / No ,they aren’t .
4)特殊疑问句及回答:特殊疑问词+be(am/ is/are)+主语+doing+其他成分 What are you doing ? We are playing (要求就提问内容具体回答).2. 缩写形式如下:
I am---I’m You are---You’re He is---He’s She is---She’s It is---It’s We are---We’re They are---They’re3.说明: 不是所有动词都能用现在进行时态的,如：
see、like、want、know 等动词往往都不用进行时态．
四．用法：
1.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情．往往与 now,at the moment,just 等副词连用,以示强调．
We are waiting for you. What are you doing? Some one’s knocking at the door．2.正在进行着的动作可视为未完成的动作： He’s talking to his friends in the classroom. 可用 still 一词强调动作的持续性
He’s still talking to his friends in the classroom.
3. 表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行． Mr. Black is writing another article.
Don’t take that book away. Your father’s using it.
She is learning piano under Mr. Black.
4.现在进行时可用来表示不会长期发生的动作或情况,或被认为在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况：
What’s your brother doing these days? He’s studying English at Oxford University.5.现在进行时也可以用来表示当前的动向：
People are becoming more and more beautiful these days.6. 表示渐变的动词有：become,turn,get,grow,run,go,begin等． The leaves are turning brown.
It’s getting colder and colder.
7.与always,constantly,forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩．
You are always changing your mind.
8. 现在进行时(以及 be going to）可以表示为将来安排好的活动和事件 We’re spending next winter in China. 用arrive,come,go,leave 等动词的现在进行时描写行 程安排,也通常有“将到达”和“将离去”的意思： He’s arriving tomorrow morning.
9.当现在进行时表示某事发生的次数过多时,则有时含有抱怨,讨厌,赞扬等的意思： He is always singing at night,and we can’t fall asleep late at night. 练习
一.用现在进行时完成下列句子:
1. ______you__________(fly) a kite? Yes,_______.2. ______you___________(sit) in the boat?3. ______he_____________(talk) with me?4. We_______________(play) football now.5. What_________you__________(do)?6. I_____________(sing) an English song.7. What________he____________(mend)?8. He______________(mend) a car.
9. These boys _________ (play) tennis on the playground.10. My mother______________ (cook) in the kitchen.
11. We can’t help you,because we ____________ (have )classes.12. ________ the boy ___________ (write) his homework?13. Look! These butterflies _________ (fly) in the sky.14. Listen! The girl ___________ (sing) in the next room.15. The naughty boy __________ (swim) in the river.二.选择
1. Look. Lucy is_____ a new bike today.
A. jumping B. running C. riding D takeing2. The children _____ football.
A. is playing B. are playing C. play the D. play a3. They ______TV in the evening. They do their homework.
A. are watching B. can’t watching C. don’t watch D. don’t watching4. Listen! She____ in the classroom.
A. is singing B. sing C .to sing D. is sing5. ______are you eating? I’m eating ______ meat.
A. What,some B. Which,any C. Where,not D. What,a6. Is she ____ something?
A. eat B. eating C. eatting D. eats
7.My dictionary ___,I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost,don’t find B. is missing,don’t find C. has lost,haven’t found D. is missing,haven’t found.
8..Having a computer for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change9. The building_______ ,I can’t stand the noise.
A. was being built B. is built C. is being built D. builds
10. I can’t catch up with the fashion,because the clothes style_______ all the time. A. has changed B. is changed C. is changing D. changed11. It’s six in the afternoon. The Greens_______ lunch together. A. has B. are having C. have had D. had had
12. Don’t make any noise while the students_______ to the class. A. are listening B. listened C. have listened D. had listened13. Jack and Ketty_______ in the lake. Let’s join them,shall we? A. swim B. have swum C. swam D. are swimming14. Look! The children_______ basketball on the playground. A. plays B. played C. is playing D. are playing
15. The kite_______ high in the sky now. It looks like a big bird. A. has flown B. is flying C. was flying D. flew
16.As we all know,the population in the world _______ faster and faster. A. is grown B. is growing C. are grown D. are growing17. To my surprise,he_______ in class.
A. is always speaking B. would always speak C. has always been speaking D. does speak always
18. I want to know when he _______ for New York tomorrow. A. has left B. is leaving C. had left D. has been leaving19. He_______ of how he can do more for the people.
A. had always thought B. is always thinking C.has always been thought D. thinking always
20. Forests _______ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the future.
A.cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut
1. Are ,flying,I am 2. Are sitting, 3.Is,talking 4. are plying 5. are,doing 6.am singing 7. is,mending 8. is mending 9.are plying 10.is cooking 11. are having 12. Is ,writing 13. are flying 14.is singing, 15. is swimming
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9C 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.D 14.D 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.C
一般将来时
I. 一般将来时的基本用法
1. 一般将来时，表示将来要发生的事（在口语中各人称后均用will, 常缩写为 ’ll）：Who will be on duty at six? –I will. 六点谁值班？ —我值班。I will be eighteen next week. 下星期我就十八岁了。
I’m sure I won’t lose my way. 我确信我不会迷路。
If we can’t find the taxi, we will miss the plane. 如果拦不到出租车，我们就搭不上飞机了。She’ll be here at six. 她六点来。
You’ll have time for it. 你会有时间这样做的。Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？
You won’t be late. 你不会迟到的。So she won’t come? 这么说她不来了？
2）这个时态常用于下面的情况（都用will）：a. 用在 “I think…will”这类句型中，表示看法：
I think they’ll succeed. 我想他们会成功。
I supposed they’ll buy the house.我想他们会把这房子买下来。I’m sure he’ll come back. 我肯定他会回来。
Perhaps you’ll find him at the hotel. 也许你会在旅馆找到他。b. 也可以表示将来习惯性的动作：Spring will come again. 春天还会再来。
These things will happen. 这样的事总是要发生的。c. 提出请求：
Will you type this? 你把这个打一下好吗？
Will you tell her I’ll be back at five? 你可否告诉她我五点回来？
If you want help—let me know, will you? 如果需要帮忙就告诉我，好吗？Will you please be quiet? 你们安静点好吗？
Won’t you take off your coat? 你把外套脱下来好吗？d. 作出允诺：
I’ll be there, I promise you. 我答应你我会去的。I’ll be home in time for supper. 我吃晚饭时回家。
I won’t tell anybody what you said. 你说的话我不会告诉任何人。e. 表示同意：
Don’t be late. –No, I won’t. 别来晚了。 --放心吧。
Will you answer him? –Yes, I will. 你来回复他好吗？--行。2. 使用shall的一些情况shall主要用于第一人称后，构成疑问句，询问对方意见：What time shall I come? 我什么时候来？
Where shall we go for our holiday? 我们到哪儿去度假呢？What shall we do this weekend? 这个周末咱们干什么？
Let’s go, shall we? 咱们走吧，好吗？II. 一些表示将来情况的方法
除了一般将来时，还可以下列方式表示将来情况：
1）be going to 结构，表示打算干某事（a）或即将发生某事（b）：a. I’m going to play you a waltz. 我准备给你弹一首华尔兹舞曲。He is going to buy her some flowers. 他打算给她买一些花。
They’re going to sell their house. 他们准备把房子卖掉。b. It’s going to rain soon. 快下雨了。
Oh, no! He’s going to fall! 糟糕！他要摔下去了！这个结构有时可和will引导的结构换用：
It will/is going to take a long time to photocopy all the documents. 复印所有这些材料要用很长时间。
I won’t / am going to tell you my age. 我不打算（想）告诉你我的年龄。I will /am going to climb that mountain one day. 有一天我要去爬那座山。He won’t / isn’t going to resign. 他不会（准备）辞职。2）现在进行时 (表示计划或准备要做的事)：
My brother is having a party tomorrow. 我哥哥明天要参加一个聚会。
When are you leaving? –At the end of the term. 你什么时候走？ --期末走。I’m going to the pictures. Would you like to come? 我要去看电影，你要去吗？How are you going—by train or by plane? 你怎么—坐火车还是坐飞机？I’m taking the kids to the zoo on Saturday. 我星期六带孩子们去动物园。What are you doing tomorrow afternoon? 明天下午你干什么？
He’s leaving school in one year’s time. 他一年后就要毕业了。
I’m leaving. 我要走了。3）一般现在时 表示按计划要发生的事，特别是以事物作主语时(a), 以人作主语时有时也可以这样用(b)：
a.When does the main film begin? 正片什么时候开始（放映）？The plane takes off in ten minutes. 飞机十分钟后起飞。The train leaves (arrives) at 10:45. 火车10：45分开（到）。Tomorrow is Sunday.
b. The boys start school on Monday. 孩子们星期一开始上学。
We leave at six and arrive in Dublin at ten. 我们六点动身，十点到达都柏林。 They have no classes tomorrow. 明天他们没课。 We get off at the next stop. 我们下一站下车。
I’m not at home tonight. 我今晚不在家。 Are you free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？
此外还可在时间及条件从句中代替一般将来时(a)，或用在hope 后的宾语从句中(b)；a. Give me a ring before you leave. 走之前给我打个电话。
When she comes, I’ll tell her about it. 她来时我将把这件事告诉她。
If you don’t find her, just leave her a note. 如果你找不到她，就给她留个条。b. I hope she gets back in time. 我希望她及时回来。
We hope you all have a good time. 我们希望你们都能玩得开心。 We hope you are well. 我们希望你身体健康。4）be + 不定式结构：
be + 不定式结构也可表示将要发生的动作，可表示安排好的事(a), 也可表示要求做的事(b)：a. She is to be married next month. 她定于下月结婚。
The Prime Minister is to visit Hungary in May. 首相将于五月访问匈牙利。 Who is to play Macbeth? 谁扮演麦克白？
b. You’re to stay here till we return. 你得待在这儿知道我们回来。
No one is to leave this building without their permission. 未经他们允许谁也不准离开这座楼。
He says that we are to wait till he comes. 他说我们得等着他回来。 You are not to smoke in the office. 你们不得在办公室抽烟。5）be about to 结构： 表示就要发生的事：
They’re about to start. 他们就要出发了。
Quick, jump in! The train is about to leave. 快，跳上车，火车就要开了一般过去式
一、一般过去时态句子结构1． Be 动词的一般过去时态
在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were. 构成：
肯定句：主语+was (were) +表语 如：I was late yesterday.
否定句：主语+was (were) +not+表语 如：We weren't late yesterday. She wasn't a teacher three years ago.
疑问句：一般疑问句：Was (Were) +主语+表语 如：Were you ill yesterday?
Were they once your classmates？ 肯定回答： Yes, I was. wasn't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Was (Were) +主语+表语 Who were your best friends in your primary school?
2. 实义动词的一般过去时态
肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did. 肯定句为：主语+动词过去式+宾语 如：I went home at nine o'clock yesterday.
否定句：主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语 如：I didn't go home yesterday. He didn't tell me about you.
疑问句：一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+宾语
如：Did you go home yesterday? Did you study in the school? 肯定回答： Yes, I did. 否定回答：No, I didn't. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did +主语+动词原型+宾语When did you finish your homework last night? What did you do the day before yesterday?
3. 助动词和情态动词过去式如下：
shall―should（将要）用于第一人称单数 will―would（将要）用于所有人称
can― could（能，会） may―might（可以） must―must （必须） have to―had to（不得不）
助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式，后面的动词还使用原形。 如： I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。) 二、一般过去时态动词变化形式
一般过去时态由动词的过去式表示。大多数动词的过去式是在动词原形后加上ed构成。这类动词称为规则动词。
1） 一般情况下在词尾直接加ed。 如：play―played work―worked 2） 以e结尾的动词只加d. 如：like--- liked love―loved
3） 以辅音字母+Y结尾的动词，变Y为I，再加ed. 如：study―studied carry―carried
否定句： No, I
4） 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，要双写最后这个辅音字母，再加ed.
如：stop―stopped --ed的读音规则如下：
i. 在清辅音后面读[t]。 如：work―worked help―helped ii. 在浊辅音或元音后读[d]。 如：learn―learned
iii. 在[t] 和[d] 后读[id]。 如：support―supported （支持）
5） 不以ed 结尾的过去式，称为不规则动词,如： write（写） --wrote
go-went do-did have-had see-saw take-took make-made come-came buy-bought
一、用 “am , is , was”填空。
1. I _____ a teacher now. I _____ a student five years ago. 2. He _____ a worker now. He _____ a little boy ten years ago. 3. It _____ there a moment ago .
4. The film _____ in the playground a moment ago . 5. The newspaper ______ on the table a moment ago.
6. The storybook ______ on the bookcase now. But it _____ on the chair a moment ago . 7. Where ______ it now?
8. Where ______ it a moment ago?
9. Yang Ling ______ at home now. But she ______ at school a moment ago.
10.Wang Bing ______reading books now .But he ______ playing football a moment ago . 二、二、改错
1. The book is there a moment ago. ___________
2. There are three diarys between the desks. ____________
3. Jim was at his grandfather’s home two days before. ____________
4. Where was the CD Walkman just now? It is next to the magazine. ____________ 三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.Tom _______ (visit) a farm last week.
2. The twins _______ (water) the flowers in the garden yesterday morning. 3. I _______ (watch) a film with my friend last Friday. 4. My father _______ (be) in London last year. 5. What_______ (do) you do three days ago? 6. _______ (be) there any parks here in 1950? 7. What_________(do) you do just now? I (wash) my clothes.
四、单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10)( )1． My father_________ill yesterday． A． isn't B． aren't C． wasn't D． weren't( )2． ______ your parents at home last week﹖ A． Is B． Was C． Are D． Were
( )3． The twins _______ in Dalian last year． They ______ here now． A． are; were B． were; are C． was; are D． were; was( )4． ________ your father at work the day __________ yesterday(前天）﹖ A． Was; before B． Is; before C． Was; after D． Is; after ( )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖ —____________．
A． I am B． I was C． Yes, I was D． No, I wasn't ( )6. I cleaned my classroom ___________. A with three hours B three hours ago C in three hours D three hours before
( ) 7. I came _______ my house two days ago . A back on B back to C to back D back( ) 8 . ___________? He did some reading at home. A What does your father do yesterday evening B What does your brother do in the school C What did your brother do over the weekend D Where did your brother go last Sunday
( ) 9. What did you do ________ ? I went to the movies.
A next morning Bover the weekend C in the weekend D next Monday(
) 10. The koala sleeps _______，but gets up _________.A during the day; at the evening B at day ;during nightC in the day ;during the evening D during the day ; at night
五、完形填空(10)
Tom did not like doing his homework，because he liked to do some 1 things after school．And his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework．
Then one day，his maths teacher 3 at Tom’s homework and saw that he got all his answers right．He was very 4 and surprised（惊奇）．The next morning before class，he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him，“You got all your homework right this time．Did your father help you？”Sometimes Tom’s father helped him with his homework，7 this time he didn’t help Tom because he 8 at home．So Tom answered，“NO，Sir．He Was busy last night，so I 9 to do it 10 ．” （ ）1．A．others B．another C．the other D．other （ ）2．A．made B．found C．looked at D．looked （ ）3．A．laughed B．knocked C．looked D．saw （ ）4．A．please B．pleased C．pleasure D．sad （ ）5．A．to B．for C．in D．at （ ）6．A．talked B．asked C．spoke D．said （ ）7．A．and B．but C．so D．or （ ）8．A．isn’t B．won’t be C．wasn’t D．can’t be （ ）9．A．wanted B．mustn’t C．liked D．had （ ）10．A．itself B．of them C．myself D．himself六、阅读理解
It was half-past eight in the morning. The telephone bell rang and Mary went to answer it. \"It's me-Peter.\"
\"Hullo, who's that?” she asked.
Peter was a friend of Mary's eight-year-old brother, Johnny. \"Oh hullo, Peter. What do you want?” said Mary. \"Can I speak to Johnny?\"
\"No,” said Mary,” you can't speak to him now. He is busy. He is getting ready for school. He is eating his breakfast. Grandmother is combing hishair. Sister is under the table, putting his
shoes on. Mother is getting his books and putting them in his school bag. Goodbye, I've got to go now. I have to hold the door open. The school bus is coming . ( )1.Who went to answer it when the telephone bell rang? A. Johnny’s sister B.Peter C,Johnny D.Johnny's mother ( )2.Whom did Peter want to speak to? A. Mary’s brother B.Mary's sister C.Mary's grandmother D.Johnny's mother( )3.Johnny couldn't speak to Peter because Johnny _______. A. was combing his hair B.was putting his shoes on C.was getting his books D. was busy eating his breakfast ( )4.How do you say to a stranger who is answering your telephone? A. Who are you? B. Anything to say? C. Who is it? D. Please( )5.From this story we know that Johnny was_____. A. a lazy B. a clever boy C. a busy boy D. a hungry boy一般过去时详解与练习题 一、巧记一般过去时：
动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have,has变had；谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记。否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添； 疑问句也不难，did放在主语前； 不含be动词时如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。 含be动词时疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。
二、be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌
握动词be的一般过去时。 be的过去时有四巧： 一是时间状语巧， 表示过去的短语要记牢； 二是形式巧，单数was，复数were；
三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟was／were； 四是疑问句式巧，was／were向前跑(提前)。
【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧 与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。
【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单 数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。 例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning． 昨天早上我在教室里。 He was at school last Tuesday． 上周二他在学校。 They were over there a moment ago． 刚才他们在那边。
【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定
句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。即：主语 ＋ wasn't／ weren't ＋ 表语 ＋ 其他。例如：
I was not (＝wasn't) here yesterday． 昨天我不在这儿。
My parents were not (＝weren't) at home last Sunday． 上周日我父母不在家。
【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即： Was(Were) ＋ 主语 ＋表语 ＋ 其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句 式相似。例如： Were you at home the day before yesterday﹖ 前天你在家吗？ Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗？ 更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语＋was／were．”； 否定回答用“No,主语＋wasn't／weren't．”。 例如：—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖ 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？ 在。）
—Yes, they were． (No, they weren't．) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不
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