题组提分练三十八 选修8 Unit 3
限时35分钟 见学生用书P383
加黑体小题训练应用文和记叙文
阅读理解A (2018·湖北八校联考) 体裁：应用文 话题：文学与艺术 难度：★★☆☆☆
Leaders shape history and here is a selection of the most remarkable views into these public figures plus first-hand accounts by those with access to them.(写作目的)
Margaret Thatcher by Charles Moore (2013)
Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher. Moore's account is different. He shows that far from being fearless, she could often be fearful without cause. The final volume will include her fall from power.
Harold Wilson by Ben Pimlott (1992)
Harold Wilson had become a ghostly figure when this book was published in 1992. The absence heightened a sense of mystery. Who was he？How to explain his seemingly contradictory characteristics？Pimlott solves some of the mysteries; the book is detailed until Wilson's final phase as prime minister in 1974.
Churchill by Roy Jenkins (2001)
Jenkins writes a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchill's historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons. Jenkins had resigned from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, though not as frequently as Churchill did.
Roy Jenkins by John Campbell (2014)
Campbell calmly narrates the many political and personal dramas, including Jenkins' intense relationship with Anthony Crosland when they were both students at Oxford. Campbell also addresses Jenkins' various affairs with women. Like Jenkins's political heroes, he led many lives. Campbell is sharp in describing each of them.
Diaries, Volumes One to Six by Alastair Campbell (2017)
Love or hate him, Campbell remains the master of the inside story, and not just because of his unusual ideas on the relationship between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. This is an incredibly detailed book on what it's like to live inside No. 10: the cruel space of events; and the constant conflict with the media.
【语篇解读】 短文介绍了5本与5位著名历史人物相关的书籍。 1．Which of the following leaders has the largest number of books written about them?
A. Harold Wilson. C. Margaret Thatcher.
B. Churchill. D. Tony Blair.
答案与解析 C 细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher.”可知有关撒切尔的书籍最多。
2．Which writer was once a politician? A. Ben Pimlott. C. John Campbell.
B. Charles Moore. D. Roy Jenkins.
答案与解析 D 细节理解题。根据题干关键词writer和politician定位到原文第四段和第五段中对Jenkins的介绍可知，他是个政治家也是个作家。
3．What's the purpose of the author's writing the passage? A. To introduce some histories on selections. B. To recommend some books to leaders.
C. To tell some mysteries about historians. D. To think highly of some famous leaders.
答案与解析 B 写作意图题。综合第一段和全文对书籍的介绍可知作者旨在向读者推荐几本介绍著名历史人物的书。
词汇微存 ①narrate v．描述； ②contradictory adj.矛盾的 阅读技巧19 应用文解题技巧
广告类应用文话题涉及旅游、购物、学习、招生、招聘、演出、通知等。应用文语言简洁、文章简短，侧重考查细节理解题。这类题型常涉及数字的简单运算和图表的识别与判断。解题技巧：略读题目，带问题找答案。先阅读题干，然后根据问题按照题目顺序有针对性地结合题干中的关键词到文中定位，阅读相关部分并快速寻找有效信息，再将原文和选项进行比较。当问题与原文材料相同时，对号入座；如果问题与原文不同，则可以同义替换、归纳事实等。注意：在阅读应用文时要特别留意文中以黑体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，很有可能是文章的核心或至少是一部分内容的概括。
阅读理解B 体裁：记叙文 话题：人际关系 难度：★★☆☆☆ My father was born in a small town in the US. He wasn't sure what he wanted from life, but he loved adventure travelling. He took his wife and three daughters with him and went wherever the road took him.
It's easy to feel lonely when you're on the road. As my mother said repeatedly, “We made lots of new friends on our trip—most of them were mechanics (机修工)”， since we often spent hours in repair shops. But that was better than sitting by the roadside while waiting for the engine to cool when it was 40℃ outside.
Getting along sometimes seemed impossible. There were always lots of
arguments, especially among us back-seat passengers about who had to sit in the middle. But even if it was hard, we did learn a lot about forgiveness.
When travelling in the Philippines, we drove to Quezon City one day. It should have been a one-hour drive but was nearly three, due to bad roads and worse traffic. “Did you put our suitcases in the car？” my father asked my mother as we arrived in Quezon City. From the back seat, we saw her slowly turn toward my father. “No，” she said. “I thought you did.” That was why a seven-hour car trip turned into a 16-hour car trip, which was mostly spent in silence.
On occasions like that, we had to learn to let go of our anger because we were stuck in a rolling box with the same people for the rest of the journey. Even if I sometimes felt like opening the car door and pushing one of my sisters out, I kept my feelings to myself.
【语篇解读】 作者的父亲喜欢冒险，经常带着家人去旅行，作者通过旅行意识到旅行让我们学会与他人相处。
4．According to the first two paragraphs, the author's father ________. A. didn't like his hometown B. enjoyed going on adventures C. preferred travelling alone D. had never travelled abroad
答案与解析 B 推理判断题。根据文章前两段可知，作者的父亲虽
然不知道自己想要什么样的生活，但是一直在旅行冒险，还带着自己的妻子和女儿一起旅行，由此可知作者的父亲乐于冒险，故答案为B项。
5．When the family was travelling in the Philippines, ________. A. the traffic conditions were good on the way
B. the father and mother had a fierce quarrel with each other
C. they wasted much time on the road after they forgot to take their suitcases
D. the family had fun with each other on the road
答案与解析 C 根据文章第四段可知，作者一家在菲律宾旅行时忘记将行李箱带走，导致又返回了一次出发地，浪费了大量时间，因此C为正确答案。A项与原文意思相反；B项作者的父母只是互相问答，并没有严重争吵；D项由“was mostly spent in silence”可知，这件事对整个旅程还是有影响的，大家在这段路途中并不开心，因此D项错误。
6．According to the author, road trips ________. A. broaden people's horizons
B. are only enjoyable when we travel with others C. are not recommended for big families D. help people to develop their social skills
答案与解析 D 观点态度题。根据文章最后两段可知，公路旅行可以让我们遇见许多不同的人，并且在这个过程中学着更好地与人交往，因此D项正确。
词汇微存 let go of放手；摆脱
阅读理解C (2018·运城模拟) 体裁：记叙文 话题：人际关系 难度：★★☆☆☆
My daughter Kelly is a cautious person. She needs to warm up to situations, and is hesitant to try new things. When with close friends, she becomes a leader who laughs loudly and chants. “Girls rule, boys drool.”But
when that comfort zone is not around her, she is shy and nervous.(性格)
This has been challenging for me at times. “Shy” is not a word that I think has ever been used to describe me. But this has been a year of firsts for my girl that has filled her with a new sense of confidence. This year she moved to lap lane in swimming where she was preparing for a swim team. This year she learned to ride a bike without training wheels. And this year she completed her first kids' triathlon (三项全能)．
And then it was her turn. From the second she jumped into the water, my heart soared. My daughter transformed into the most confident human being I had ever seen. She dominated that swim, crushed that bike ride and ran to the finish with the biggest smile on her face.
I can honestly say that I never felt so proud of someone in my entire life. It wasn't because she did a sport or anything like that. It was because she was afraid of something and conquered that fear with confidence and a fire I hadn't seen before.(战胜恐惧改变自己)
All day I would find myself just looking over at her and smiling. She might be wearing the finalist medal but I felt_like_I_won_that_day. I won the
chance to see my girl shine.
Shine on, sweet baby.
【语篇解读】 文章叙述了作者的女儿是个害羞的女孩，但是在参加三项全能比赛时却表现出了自信和坚决，这使作者无比自豪。
7．Kelly is nervous when ________. A. boys are around her B. she changes into a leader C. she is away from her mum D. situations are new to her
答案与解析 D 细节理解题。第一段提到和自己亲密的朋友在一起时，Kelly很自在，但是一旦处于不舒服的区域，她就会紧张，由此可推断出Kelly在陌生的环境时容易紧张，故选项D正确。
8．We can learn from Paragraph 3 that ________. A. the race began in the early morning
B. Kelly was only too eager to wait for her turn in the race C. the whole family gave Kelly support D. her brother's birthday party was delayed
答案与解析 C 推理判断题。根据第三段的叙述可知“全家人都为了Kelly参加三项全能活动竭尽全力”可知家人都支持Kelly。
9．The author “felt like I won that day” because Kelly ________. A. took part in the sport C. won the gold medal
B. expressed love to her D. changed completely
答案与解析 D 句意理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知是女儿克服了自己的恐惧变得自信让作者感到自豪，就像是自己赢了比赛一样。故选项D正确。
10．What kind of person do you think Kelly is? A. Timid and determined.
B. Cute and confident. C. Fearful and energetic. D. Sociable and brave.
答案与解析 A 推理判断题。根据第一和第二段可知Kelly是个羞涩的女孩，但是参加比赛时所表现出来的战胜恐惧的自信和决心可知，她害羞而坚决，故选项A正确。
词汇微存 transform vt.改变；变成 阅读技巧20 记叙文解题技巧
记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。解题技巧如下
1．顺藤摸瓜：记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程细节，包括记叙文的5W(who、what、when、where、why)要素。作答细节题的时候，一般需要由前到后，从上到下，按题目顺序解答。
2．左顾右盼：在做题过程中，一般都不能在文中找到与题干完全相同的词语或句子。应抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着左顾右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3．刨根问底：主旨大意题或推理判断题、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题。在解答时，要在文前文后查找，在字里行间寻觅。有时还需借助自己的生活经验和常识来体会言外之意。
阅读七选五 (2018·湘潭质检) 体裁：记叙文 话题：人际关系 难度：★★★☆☆
A. Although we could not communicate through words, we communicated through the heart.
B. They already have done something for me by giving me the
opportunity to help them.
C. I like helping people this way due to my own experience. D. Several people passed by, looked at her but did not stop. E. It is never too late to do others a favour. F. These words made me feel quite warm. G. She thanked me and smiled in relief. 答案与解析
【语篇解读】 作者乐于助人是因为自己一次受人帮助的经历，他希望大家都能在别人需要时伸出援助之手。
1．D 根据下文作者帮助这位女士可知，当时“很多人都从她身边经过并看着她，但没人停下……”，故选D。
2．G 有人来帮助自己，这位女士应该是，“表示感谢，并如释重负地笑了笑”，故选G。
3．C 该段介绍作者在日本旅游时受到他人帮助的经历可知C项“我喜欢这样帮助别人，是由于我自己的经历”，符合语境。
4．A 根据本空前一句可知，作者不会说日语，而那位男士不会说英语。故选项A “尽管我们不能用语言沟通，但是我们通过心灵沟通”，符合语境。
5．B 根据本空前后句内容可知，受作者帮助的人希望能回馈作者的恩惠，作者认为，“他们已经给我机会让我去帮助他们”，不过我希望他们能在别人需要时也能伸出援助之手，故选B。
词汇微存 ①complicated adj.复杂的；②reach out伸出
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