英语句子按主谓排列顺序来分有正常语序和倒装语序。正常语序的结构是“主语+谓语”，倒装
语序为谓语（或谓语的一部分）+主语。 倒装语序分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种。
完全倒装是将整个谓语移至主语前面。例如：Then comes the bus。
部分倒装是只将助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前。例如：Is she an English teacher? 一、完全倒装：
1、副词here、 there、 in、out、up 、down、 away、 back、 now、then、ahead等位于句首，当谓语动词是be、 come 、 go、 follow、 run等表示位置移动的动词，而且主语又是名词时，需要把谓语动词放主语之前，即完全倒装。
例句： Here is your letter. Ahead sat an old woman.
注意:
A） 此类倒装不用进行时态。
B）上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词， 如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。 2. 充当地点状语的介词短语放句首，全倒。 In a lecture hall of a university sits a professor. 典型例题
1. --Let's hurry. Listen! There________. ---Oh，yes. Has the teacher come yet? ---Look! Here________.
A the bell goes， is he coming B goes the bell， he comes
C the bell is going， he is coming D goes the bell， comes he
二、部分倒装：
指将谓语的一部分（如助动词、系动词或情态动词）倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词等，则需添加助动词 do、does 或 did ，并将其置于主语之前
（一）具有否定意义的副词放句首：
not， never， seldom， hardly， rarely， little， scarely， few…
例句：
1）Never have I seen such a performance.
2）Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
典型例题
1）I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life___ so happy!(2000，spring) A. did I feel B. I feel C. I had felt D. had I felt
2）The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once __with each other.(2003) A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled D. had they quarreled
（二）含有否定意义的连词放句首: not only…but also..， neither.. nor..，no sooner…than..，scarely.. than..， hardly.. when..， not until...
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注意：
1） not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。
2）not only， no sooner，hardly，scarely要倒， but (also)，than， when后面的句子不倒。 3）neither...nor..两部分都倒装。
典型例题
1）Not until all the fish died in the river __ how serious pollution was. (95)
A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized
C. the villagers did realize D. didn‟t the villagers realize
2）Not only __ interested in football but__ beginning to show an interest in it.
A. the teacher himself is， all his students are B. the teacher himself is， are all his students C. is the teacher himself， are all his students D. is the teacher himself， all his students are
3） Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.
A. man did know B. man know
C. didn't man know D. did man know
4）No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.
A. the game began B. has the game begun C. did the game begin D. had the game begun
5） Not until I began to work ___ how much time I had wasted.
A. didn't I realize B. did I realize
C. I didn't realize D. I realize
（三） 含有否定意义的介词放句首：
by no means， in no time， in no case， on no account， under no circumstances... 典型例题
——Why can„t I smoke here?
——At no time___ in the meeting-room.
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted C. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permitted
（四）so， neither， nor 作部分倒装
表示 “ 也 ” 、 “ 也不 ” 的句子要部分倒装。
例句：1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack.
2) If you won't go， neither will I.
典型例题
---Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? ---I don't know， _____.
A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also
注意：当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为 “ 的确
如此 ” 。
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Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. ---It's raining hard. ---So it is. 典型例题
---You forget your purse when you went out. ---Good heavens，_______.(2002)
A . so did I B . so I did
C . I did so D. I so did
---David has made great progress recently.
---_______， and________.(1997)
A. So he has， so you have B. So he has， so have you C. So has he， so have you D. So has he， so you have （五）only 在句首要倒装的情况
-- Only in this way，can you learn English well.
-- Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装 。 -- Only when he is seriously ill， does he ever stay in bed. 典型例题
---- ____can you expect to get a pay rise.(2001)
A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard
---- Only in this way__to make improvement in the operating system.(2003)
A. you can hope B. you did more
C. can you hope D. did you hope
（六）as， though 引导的倒装句
as / though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 （形容词 、 副词 、分词 、 实义动词提前）。 例句： ---Try hard as he will， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
注意 :1、句首名词不能带任何冠词。
2、句首是实义动词 ， 其他助动词放在 主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
3、让步状语从句中，有 though、 although时，后面的主句不能有 but ，但是 though 和 yet 可连用
典型例题
--- ______，he knows a lot of things.
A. The child as he is B. Child as he is
C. A child as he is D. Child he as is
--- _____，I have never seen anyone who's as capable (有能力）as John.(2001)
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have travled so much （七）虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有 were， should， 或 had， 可将 if 省略，再把 were， should 或 had 移到从句句首，实行倒装 。
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---Were they here now，they could help us. =If they were here now， they could help us.
----Had you come earlier，you would have met him
=If you had come earlier， you would have met him.
---Should it rain，the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain，the crops would be saved.
注意 : 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词 „be‟ 的过去时态一律用 “were” ，不用 was ， 即在从句
中 be 用 were 代替。
--- If I were you， I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。
--- If he were here， everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题
--- _____ to do the work， I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
--- ___it rain tomorrow， we would have put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (94)
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
--- ____ for the tree tickets，I would not have gone to the film so often. (95sh)
A. If it is not B. Were it not
C. Had not it been D. If they were not
（八）其他部分倒装
1) so ..that..， such ..that..的句子结构中，若so，such 和与其所修饰的词置于句首，实行部分倒装。
e.g --- So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.
典型例题
So difficult____it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English
well.(2001)
A. I have felt B. have I felt
C. I did feel D. did I feel
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中：
May you all be happy. 3）There be 句型: 例句：
There live(stand，appear，seem，remain，exist…): -- There is a man at the door wants to see you. -- There once lived an old hunter in that house.
-- There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter.
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