Unit 1 How do you study for a test
一、重点词组
1.通过制作抽认卡 by making flashcards 2. 向老师求助 ask the teacher for help 3.害怕/不敢去做某事 be afraid to do sth /be afraid of doing sth 4.嘲笑 laugh at 4.做笔记；做记录 take notes 5.查阅；查找 look up 5.编造/组成/拼凑成 make up 7.处理/应付 deal with 8.对…感到生气 be angry with 9.（指时间）过去/消逝 go by 10.尽某人最大的努力做某事 try one’s best to do sth 11.突然中止/中断 break off 12.参加小组学习 study with a group 13.为…感到兴奋 be/get excited about sth 14.以…而告终 end up doing sth 15.做关于…的调查 do/make a survey about… 16.犯错误 make mistakes 17.在…方面有困难 have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth 18.写下/记下 write down 19.把…看作 regard…as 20.在…的帮助下 with the help of 二、重点句型
1.你怎样为考试做准备？ How do you study for the test？ 2.用那种方法，我已经学到了很多东西 I have learned a lot that way.
3.听懂那些声音太难了。 It’s too hard to understand the voices 4.卫明有不同的感受。 Wei Ming feels differently.
5.他觉得看电影让人感到沮丧。 He finds watching movies frustrating 6.我没有搭档一起练英语 I don’t have a partner to practice English with. 7.给老师留下深刻印象。 My teacher is very impressed.
8.她很难造出完整的句子。 She had trouble making complete sentences. 9.他无法走路，甚至无法说话。 He can’t walk or even speak. 10.参加学习小组来学习 I study by working with a group 11.你如果不知道如何拼写生词，就查字典。
If you don’t know how to spell new words，look them up in a dictionary 12.他认为看英语电影是个不错的方法。 He thinks that watching English movies isn’t a bad way。
三、重点语法
1. by + doing 通过……方式 如：by studying with a group
by 还可以表示：“在…旁”、“靠近”、“在…期间”、“用、” “经过”、“乘车”等
如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten o’clock. The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus. 2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论 如：The students often talk about movie after class.
学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话 3. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping? ③Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping
⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。 6. aloud与loudly的用法
①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loudly也是副词,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,即喧闹的意味。可位于动词之前或之后。如:
He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如： I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾
8. be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth.= be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如：
I am / get excited about going to Beijing.= I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如： The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
② end up with sth. 以…结束 如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 10. first of all 首先 . to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随后
11. also 也（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末
12. make mistakes 犯错 如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake.我已经犯了一个错误。 13. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Don’t laugh at me! 不要取笑我!
14. take notes 做笔记，做记录
15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做某事 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。 16. native speaker 说本族语的人 17. make up 组成、构成
18. one of +(the+ 形容词最高级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。 19. It’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事是…
如：It’s difficult (for me ) to study English. 对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English
20. practice doing 练习做某事 如： She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如： LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
22. unless 如果不，除非 引导条件状语从句 =if not.
如：You will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。 I won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
23. deal with 处理 如：I often deal with a lot of problems 我经常处理很多问题. 24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
如：Mother worried about his son just now.妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如： I was angry with her. 我对她生气。 26. perhaps == maybe 也许
27. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。 28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
see sb. / sth. do 看见某人做过某事或经常做某事 如：
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom. 她看见他正在教室里画画。
29. each other 彼此
30. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如：We all regard you as our best friend. 我们都把你看作是我们最好的朋友。
31. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls 许多女孩
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk 许多牛奶 much too 太 修饰形容词或副词 如：much too cold.太冷了
32. change… into… 将…变为… 如：The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
如：with the help of Our English teacher == with Our English teacher’s help 在我们老师的帮助下
34. compare … to … 把…和…相比
如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。 35. instead 代替 用在句末，副词（字面上常不译出来） instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替，而不是 用在句中，动词 如：Last summer I went to Beijing. This year I’m going to Shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
I will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
He stayed at home instead of going swimming.他呆在家里而不是去游泳。 四．写作范文 Dear John
I’m very glad to hear that you’re learning Chinese. As we know，Chinese is becoming more and more useful in the world and more people are learning it. You said you have trouble in learning Chinese. Now I’m giving you some advice .First you can go to Chinese classes and make friends there. Practicing conversations in Chinese with friends is an important and a good way to improve your spoken Chinese. You can also listen to tapes, radios or watch TV. If you don’t know any words, you can look them up in dictionary. Reading Chinese stories is also helpful for you. But please don’t give up. If you have any difficulty, you can ask a Chinese teacher for help.
Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. I’m sure you’ll learn Chinese well.
Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark
二、重点词组
1.过去常常，以前常常 used to 2.我非常害怕，极度恐惧 be terrified of 3.入睡 go to sleep/fall asleep/be asleep 4.最后，终于 in the end=at last=finally 5.做决定，下决心 make a decision 6.令某人惊奇的是… To one’s surprise 7.即使，纵然，尽管 even though 8.不再，已不 no longer=not…any longer 9.对….感到自豪 take pride in=be proud of 10.对….注意，留心 pay attention to 11.放弃 give up 12.陷入困境 get into trouble 二、重点句型
1.你过去很安静是吗？—是的，我以前是。You used to be really quiet，didn’t you？ —Yes ，I did
2.他过去留卷发 she used to have curly hair
3.我以前害怕孤独 I used to be afraid of being alone 4.我睡觉要灯亮着 I go to sleep with my bedroom light on. 5.我几乎没有时间去音乐会 I hardly ever have time for concerts。 6.我真怀念以前的日子 I really miss the old days.
7.在过去几天的生活里发生了很大的变化。My life has changed a lot in the last/past
few days.
8.别太担心，它会使你焦虑不安。Don’t worry about things so much. It will make you stressed out.
9.于梅似乎改变了很多。 It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 10.他妈妈尽可能的照顾好他。 His mother looked after him as well as she could. 11.对马丁来说和他妈妈谈话是由必要的。 It was necessary for Martin to talk with his mother.
12.这个电话改变了他的人生。 This phone call changed his life.
三．重点知识点
1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
否定形式： didn’t use to do sth.
如：He used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。 Did he use to play football? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. He didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。 2. 反意疑问句结构：陈述句+简短疑问句
简短疑问句结构：助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语？
①肯定陈述句＋否定提问（即前肯后否） 如：Lily is a student, isn’t she? Lily will go to China, won’t she? ②否定陈述句＋肯定提问（即前否后肯） 如：
She doesn’t come from China, does she? You haven’t finished homework, have you?
③提问部分用代词而不用名词 Lily is a student, isn’t she?
④陈述句中含有否定意义的词，如：little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反
意疑问句用肯定式。 如：
He knows little English, does he? 他一点也不懂英语，不是吗？
They hardly understood it, did they? 他们几乎不明白，不是吗？ 3. play the piano 弹钢琴
4. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
如：He is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
5. interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 6. still 仍然，还
用在be 动词的后面 如：I’m still a student. 用在行为动词的前面 如：I still love him. 7. the dark 天黑，晚上，黑暗
8. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如：I am terrified of the dog.
be terrified of doing sth. 如：I am terrified of speaking. 9. on 形容词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开， 其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着
10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校 11. spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”
①sb spend st/sm on sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）
②sb spend st/sm doing sth. 花费（金钱、时间）去做某事 如： He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着
He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。 Pay for 花费
如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。
12. take 动词 有“花费”的意思 常用的结构是：
It takes sb st to do sth. 如：It takes me a day to read the book.
13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如：I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。 14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词
be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词 如：Don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。
Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。 15. all the time 一直、始终
16. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如：
A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。 Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to) 17. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有
hardly ever 从不、几乎不曾
如：I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。 I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。 18. miss v. 思念、想念、 错过
19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与现在完成时连用 如：
I have lived in China in the last few years.在过去的几年内我在中国住。 20. be different from 与…不同 21. how to swim 怎样游泳
不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的
疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。 22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词 make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh 23. move to +地方 搬到某地 如：I moved to Beijing last year.
24. It seems that +从句 看起来好像……如：It seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
25. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
She helped me with My English. 她帮助我学英语。
She helped me (to) study English。 她帮助我学习英语。 26. fifteen-year-old 合成形容词 15岁的 通常做定语 fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人 做主语 fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 通常做表语
如： a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。 I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。 27.支付不起… can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth. can’t / couldn’t afford sth. 如：I can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
I can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。 28. as + 形容词./副词＋as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。 29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦 30. in the end 最后=at last=finally 31. make a decision 下决定 下决心 32. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是
如： to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to LiLei’s surprise令李雷惊讶 33. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪=be proud of 如：
His father always takes pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪 34. pay attention to sth. 对…注意，留心
如： You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。 35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如： She is able to do it. 她能够做到。
36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
37.不再 ①no more == no longer 如：
I play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。 ②not …any more == not …any longer 如：
I don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。 四、写作范文
This term great changes have taken place in Class Four, Grade Nine since the new English teacher Mr. Yang came.
Nancy and her classmates didn’t use to like English. But now they’re becoming interested in it. They used to only listen to teachers and take notes in class. Now they discuss things with others and try to solve problems by themselves. They used to have lots of homework to do ，but now they have less homework，and they have more time to read English magazines and books. They also joined the Happy English Club at school.
In short(总之)，they are doing better than before and they are enjoying themselves at school now.
Unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
一、重点词组及短语
1.代替，而不是 instead of 2.打耳洞 get one’s ears pierced 3.不睡觉，熬夜 stay up 4.前几天 the other day=a few days ago 5.全神贯注，专心于 concentrate on 6.目前现在 at present 7.对…有好处 be good for 8.养老院 old people’s home 9.挡道的，妨碍人的 get in the way(of) 10.担心，关心 care about 11.参加考试 take a test 12.考试不及格 fail the test 13.通过考试 pass the test 14.对某人要求严格 be strict with sb 15. 打扫 clean up 16.对……是认真的 be serious about… 16. be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth 允许做某事
17. sixteen-year-olds = sixteen-year-old boys and girls 16岁的孩子 18. part-time jobs 兼职工作 19 . driver’ s license 驾照 20. on weekends 在周末 21. at that age 在那个年龄段
22. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 23. all my classmates 我所有的同学 24. be good for 对…有益 25. in groups 成群的,按组的 26. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 27. learn from sb 向某人学习 28. have an opportunity to do sth 有做…的机会 29.English-English dictionary英英词典
30. at least 至少 31. eight hours’ sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠 32. take time to do sth 花费时间干… 33. primary schools 小学 34. have…off 放假,休息 35. reply to 回答,答复
36. a professional athlete 职业运动员 37. achieve one’ s dreams 实现梦想 38. think about 思考,考虑 39. in the end 最后,终于 40. agree with 同意… 二．重点句型
1.应该允许青少年选择自己的衣服。
Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. 2.你认为应该允许13岁的孩子们做兼职工作吗？
Do you think thirteen-year-olds should be allowed to have part-time jobs？ 3.安娜可以选择自己的衣服。 Anna is allowed to wear her own clothes. 4.他似乎没有很多朋友。 He doesn’t seem to have many friends. 5.他需要时间做作业。 He needs time to do homework.
6.父母不应该对青少年要求太严。 Parents should not be too strict with teenagers. 7.那将是使老师和学生都高兴的好办法。That would be a good way to keep both teachers and students happy.
8.你认为学校那些规定应该改变。 What school rules do you think should be changed? 9.对于赛跑我很认真。 I am serious about running.
10.他需要和朋友共度时光。 He needs to spend time with friends.
12. I don’t think twelve-year-olds should be allowed to get their ears pierced. 我认为不应该允许12岁的孩子穿耳孔.
13. They talk instead of doing homework. 他们聊天而不是做作业. 14. He is allowed to stay up until 11:00 pm. 允许他们熬到晚上11点. 15. We should be allowed to take time to do things like that more often. 我们应该被允许更加经常的花些时间多做这类事情. 16. The two pairs of jeans both look good on me. 这两条牛仔裤穿在我身上都适合.
17. The classroom is a real mess. 教室太脏了.
18. Only then will I have a chance of achieving my dream. 只有这样我才能实现我的梦想.
19. They should be allowed to practice their hobbies as much as they want. 应该允许他们对业余爱好想练多长时间就练多长时间.
20. We have nothing against running. 我们没有理由反对他跑步. 三、重点语法点：
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
He kills the pig. （主动语态）他杀了那只猪。
The pig is killed by him. (被动语态)那只猪被他杀了。 ②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。 1. 被动语态的基本时态变化
1) am/is/are + 过去分词 一般现在时的被动语态 English is spoken in many countries.
2）was/were +过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态
This bridge was built in 1989.
3）情态动词＋be＋过去分词。 带情态动词的被动结构。 The work must be done right now.
4）am/is /are being +过去分词 现在进行时的被动语态 5）was/were being +过去分词 过去进行时的被动语态 6）shall/will be +过去分词 一般将来时的被动语态 7）has /have been+过去分词 现在完成时的被动语态 8）had been+过去分词 过去完成时的被动语态 9）should/would be +过去分词 过去将来时的被动语态 ③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）如：
Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：
LiLy is allowed to go to Hangzhou. 莉莉被允许去杭州。 3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词) have sth. done 如：
I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车 4. enough 足够 。enough 修饰形容词或副词，放在形容词或副词之后。 形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough 足够漂亮 enough＋名词 如：enough food 足够食物 enough to 足够…去做… 如：
I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。 Not …enough to…不够……而不能……
5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。
6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = It seems that +从句 He seems to feel very sad.
It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
7. 常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。 如：
They are very happy. He became a doctor two years ago. She felt very tired. 8. 倒装句:
由so＋助动词(do/will/have)/情态动词/be动词＋主语 意为：…也是一样 She is a student. So am I. 她是一个学生，我也是。 She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是 She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
She will go to school. So will he. 她将去学校，他也是。 Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.
Tom can’t swim. Neither can John 9. yet 仍然，还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中
10. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。 11. clean up 打扫 整理 如： I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了
卧室。 12. 程度副词：
always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不
如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school. 我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。 13. 曾经做某事：
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
14. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去
划船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉 如： Mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对
她的儿子很严厉。
16. take the test 参加考试
pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败 17. the other day 前几天
18. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词 18. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如：
We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。
19. both…and… +动词复数形式 如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball. 20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向某人学习(什么)
如： Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语 21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to
Beijing.
22. at present 目前
23. at least 最少 at most 最多 24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
It takes (sb.) time to do sth. It took (me) 10days to read the book. sth. cost (sb.) sm The book cost (me) 100yuan.
sb. spend sm/st on sth. She spent 10days on this book.
sb. spend st/sm doing sth. She spent 10days reading this book. sb. pay sm for sth. She paid 10yuan for this book. 25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off 26. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen. 27. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如：
Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。 28. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
29. 对… 认真的 be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。
be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。 30. practice doing 练习做某事 She often practice speaking English. 31. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son. 32. also 也 用于句中
either也 用于否定句且用于句末
too=as well 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。 33. .be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.
例: The head teacher is strict with his students He is strict in the work.
34. the other day前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时)
35.volunteer ① n. 志愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做… 例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home. 我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙. 四、动词的过去式和过去分词。 Allow—allowed—allowed; pierce—pierced—pierced; cut—cut—cut wear—wore—worn; take—took—taken; go—went—gone; succeed—succeeded—succeeded; run—ran—run; sing—sang—sung; 五、写作范文
My Family Rules
My parents are very strict with me. And they have made some rules which I must obey. Firstly，I must finish my homework in time . Secondly, I’ can’t play computer games, even in my free time or on weekends. Thirdly, I have to do some chores, such as making the bed and tidying my bedroom and so on. If I break one of them, my parents will be angry with me .But thanks to these rules, I can live a healthy and regular life.
I think the second rule is unfair to me. I hope sometimes I could be allowed to play computer games for a while, which will make me relaxed.
Unit 4 What would you do?
一．重点词组
1.医学研究 medical research 2. 二百万美元 two million dollars 3.变得紧张 get nervous 4.起疙瘩 get pimples 5.如果…将会怎么样 what if … 6.一点也不 not…in the slightest 7.很多的，足够的 plenty of 8.与…相处 get along with 9.未经允许 without permission 10.名列前茅 come top
11.使……失望或沮丧 let …down 12.提出，想出 come up with 13.出版，发表 come out 14.偶然的 by accident 15.在公共场合 in public 二．重点句型
1.如果你有一百万美元，你会做什么？ What would you do if you had a million dollars？ 2.如果你是我，我会穿衬衫打领带。 If I were you ，I’d wear a shirt and tie. 3.如果我不认识别人怎么办。 What if I don’t know anyone? 4.你是什么类型的？我想我有创造力而且外向。
What are you like ？ — I think I’m creative and outgoing. 5.如果我赢了一百万美元，我会把它捐给医学研究。
If I won a million dollars ， I’d give it to medical research. 6.你有大量的朋友，你喜欢有其他人的陪伴。
You have plenty of friends ，and you enjoy the company of other people. 7.我没有礼物，如果别人都带礼物怎么办。
I don’t have a present， what if everyone else brings a present. 8.如果我是你，我会在睡前走很长一段路。
If I were you ，I’d take a long walk before going to bed. 9.你的朋友也许会说你很容易相处。
Your friend would probably say that you are easy to get along with. 10.你有一小圈的好朋友。 You have a small circle of very good friends. 三、主要知识点
1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气
指说话人所说的话只是一种主观愿望或与现在的事实相反的一种假设。 结构：(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 即 、从句用了： 一般过去时
(主句) 主语+would/could/should/might+动词原形 即 、主句用了 ：过去将来时 如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.
如果我有时间，我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间) If I were you, I would take an umbrella.
假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)
I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie.
假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上没有人请我当电影演员) 2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend +从句 假装… I pretended that I fell asleep. Pretend to be doing 假装正在做…… 3. be late for 迟到 如： I am late for school.我上学迟到了。 4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别
⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词
a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。
There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 ⑵ few 少数的 修饰可数名词
little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。
There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。 5. still 仍然,还 用在be动词之后，行为动词之前 如：
I am still a student.我仍然是个学生 I still love him.我仍然爱他。
6. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有具体数词或several 时不能加s ，也不能跟of，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people
几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树
7. what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 ， 要是… 又怎么样 如： What if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办？ What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？
8. add sth. to sth. 添加…到… 如： I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。
9. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张 feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好
10. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如：
I’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。
11. help with sth. 如：They help with this problem.
help sb.(to) do sth. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松
12. in public 在公共场所 如: Don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。 13. energetic adj. 有活力的 、精力充沛的。如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。
energy n. 活力、精力。 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。 14. ask sb. to do sth 让某人做某事
ask sb. not to do sth.让某人不要做某事 tell sb. to do sth 告诉某人做某事
tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事 如：Teacher asked me to clean the classroom. Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. 15. start doing == start to do. 开始做某事 如： He started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。 16. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如：
I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。 Lend sth to sb.把某物借给某人。
17.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。 wait for sb to do sth.等待某人去做某事。 18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：
I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。
Introduce oneself.自我介绍。
19. invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事 如：
Lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。 20. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭
have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐
21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如： They have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。 22.把某物给某人 give sth. to sb. 如： give an apple to me
give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果
23. get along with sb. 与…相处 如： Do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗？
24. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 如： I would rather walk than run.
25. whole 整个的 26. in fact 事实上 27. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：
Don’t let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。
28. come up with sth. 提出 想出 如：He came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。
catch up with sb. 追上 赶上 如： Lily caught up with Anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。
29. have experience doing sth 做某事有经验 如：
I have experience teaching English. 我在教英语方面有经验。
30. come out 出版，出来 如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。
31. by accident 偶然地，无意之中
如： Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。 32. hurry to do sth匆忙做某事 I hurry to call the police. 33. more than 超过
34. offer sb. sth./offer sth to sb 给某人提供某物
Offer to do sth 主动提出做某事
宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。 由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成 常由下面的一些词引导：
㈠由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略
He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
㈡由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
I don’t know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish.我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。 ㈢由(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？ ㈣从句时态要与主句一致
当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态 He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
I don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,
过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时)
He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
I didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
Did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？ 四、写作范文
We’ve got many calls from teenagers. They have met different problems. A girl named Mary said there were many rules in her family. For example，she had to do chores after school. Another girl called Luck felt worried because the pet dogs in the neighborhood made the ground dirty.
Here I have some suggestions for Mary. From your call， I know you have different ideas about your family rules. If I were you，I would have an honest talk with my parents because we can exchange opinions and then understand each other better. Or why not consider writing a letter？Maybe that’s a good solution. Good luck.
Unit 5 It must belong to Carla
一、重点词组
1.属于 belong to 2.她最喜爱的作者 her favorite author 3.去参加音乐会 go to the concert 4.弹吉他 play the guitar 5.占期末考试的30% make up 30% of the final exam
6.对…焦虑 be anxious/worried about 7.给母亲的礼物 a present for his mother 8.因为考试 because of the test 9.带相机的女人 a woman with a camera 10.拍电影 make a movie 11.在我们小区 in our neighborhood 12.报警 call the police 13.隔壁邻居 next door neighbor 14.从…逃走 escape from… 15.在试卷的海洋中 in an ocean of paper 16.当心，小心 be careful of 17.上飞机 get on the plane 18.一股怪味 a strange smell 19.假装睡觉 pretend to be asleep 20.用完 use up=run out of 21.跑步锻炼 run for exercise 22.知道 have some(any) idea 23.不知道 have no idea 二．重点句型
1.你认为“anxious”是什么意思？ What do you think” anxious” means？ 2.他可能是在跑步锻炼身体。 He could be running for exercise. 3.你觉得那个男的为什么跑？ Why do you think the man is running?
4.在我的梦中，我在题海中游泳。 In my dream，I was swimming in an ocean of paper. 5. 她是唯一学法语的人。 She’s the only one who’s studying French. 6.主人不可能是个男孩子。 The owner can’t be a boy.
7.这可能意味着你害怕太多的课外作业Maybe it means you’re afraid of too much homework.
8.马克吐温是玛丽最喜欢的作家。 Mark Twain is Mary’s favorite author. 9.她因为考试而着急。 She’s worried because of her test. 10.他有可能是跑着去赶公交车。 He might be running to catch a bus. 三、重点知识点
1.情态动词must, may , might, could , can’t表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形，都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断,但他们含义有所不同. must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性) may, might, could有可能，也许 (20%－80%的可能性) can’t 不可能，不会 (可能性几乎为零)
The dictionary must be mine. It has my name on it.
The CD might/could/may belong to Tony because he likes listening to pop music. The hair band can’t be Bob’s. After all, he is boy! 2. whose 谁的 疑问词 作定语 后面接名词 如：Whose book is this? This is Lily’s.
3. belong to 属于 后接名词或人称代词宾格。如： That English book belongs to me. 4. 当play 指弹奏乐器时，常在乐器前用定冠词 如： play the guitar play the piano play the violin
当play 指进行球类运动时，则不用定冠词 如： play football play basketball play baseball
5. if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时（即真实条件句） 如：
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.如果你不快点，你将会迟到 6. if you have any idea== if you know 如果你知道 7. on 关于（学术，科目）
8. try to do sth. 设法做某事 如： I try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。 9. because of , because because of + 名词/代词/动名词
because + 从句 如：I had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。
I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
10. own v.－owner n. listen v.－listener n. learn v.－learner n. 11. catch a bus 赶公车 12. neighbor 邻居 指人 neighborhood 小区 指地区
13. local 当地的 如：local teacher 当地的教师 14. noise n. 噪音 noisy adj.吵闹的
15. call the police 报警 如：Quick! Call the police! 快！叫警察！ 16. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西
当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在不定代词词的后面
17. there be sb./ sth. Doing有某人正在做某事/有某事正在发生。 如：There is a cat eating fish.
There must be something visiting our home.
18. escape from … 从……逃跑 如： He escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。
19. an ocean of + 名词 大量的，用不尽的 如：an ocean of energy.用不完的精力。 20. unhappy 不高兴的 反义词 happy 高兴的 21. final adj. 最后的 finally adv. 最后地 22. dishonest 不诚实的 反义词 honest 诚实的。 23. get on 上车 get off 下车
24. use up =run out of用光、用完 如：They have used up all the money. 他们已经用完了所有的钱。
25. attempt to do sth 试图做某事 如：
The boys attempted to leave for Beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。
26. wake 动词 唤醒 过去式woke 过去分词 woken 常用的词组：wake up 意为 醒来 如：
Please wake me up at 8 o’clock. 请在8点钟叫醒我。 27. look for 寻找 指过程 find 找 指结果 如： I am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。（指找的过程）
I found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。（指找的结果） 28. hear 听 指听的结果
listen 听 指听的过程 如： Did you hear ? 你听到了吗？（指听的结果，听或没听到）
I often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。（指听的过程） 29. try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事 如： He tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。 30. 名词所有格 名词所有格的构成有两种形式
①是在名词后面加 ’s 或是以s结尾 的名词，只在名词的后面加 ’
如：Ann’s book 安的书, our teachers’ office我们老师们的办公室
注：双方共有的所有格，只在后面一个名词加’s, 如：
Lily and Lucy’s father 莉莉和露西的爸爸（她们的爸爸是同一个人） ②有…of …介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格 如： a picture of my family 我家人的相片 有时也有’s表示无生命的东西的所有格 如： today’s newspaper, the city’s name 现在完成时态
⑴由have/ has ＋ 过去分词
⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用
Have you finished your work yet？你完成了你的工作了吗？ Yes, I have. I have just finished it. 是的。我刚刚完成了。 I have already finished it . 我已经完成了。 Have you ever been to China? 你曾经去过中国吗？ No, I have never been there. 没有，我从来也没有去过。
⑶①表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状态连用如：（for + 时间段，since + 时间点，或过去某一动作， 以及how long ）
②注： 非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。
应转为相应的延续性动词 如：buy--- have die---- be dead join ---- be in borrow----- keep leave---- be away start/begin----be on I have bought a pen.------ I have had a pen for 2 weeks. The dog has died.------- The dog has been dead since last week. ⑷①have (has) been to + 地点 某人曾经去过某地 已经回来 ②have (has) gone to + 地点 某人去了某地 还没有回来 ③have been in + 地点 某人在某地呆了多长多长时间了 如： She has been to Shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来) She has gone to Shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)
She has been in Shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)
四、写作范文
Oh，look！There is a T-shirt here .It’s a school T-shirt. Then, the person must go to our school .Maria and Sally lost their T-shirts .Could it be Maria’s or Sally’s? There is a hair band in the pocket. But both of them have long hair. There is a photo of Jackie Chan in the pocket. Sally likes Cheng Long very much, but Maria’s favorite is Sun Yanzi. So, it could be Sally’s. There is a credit card too. Then, it must be Sally’s school T-shirt .She has long hair, she likes Cheng Long, and she is the only person who has a credit card in our class.
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