1. 简单句中的省略
（1） 主语省略，如：(you) Open the door
for me, please!
（2） 主谓语或主谓语中部分省略，如：
Why not go out together? →
Why do not you go out together?
（3） 宾语省略: ---Which team will win? --- It is hard to say. (which team will win)
（4） 表语省略: --- Are you ok? --- Yes
I am. (ok)
（5） 介词省略: prevent sb. (from) doing
sth.; have trouble/ difficulty (in) doing sth.
（6） 分词省略: The homework (having
been) finished, Tom went to play basketball. （7） 不定式省略
① 在答语中，为避免对上句不定式动词的充分，动词不用只保留to，如： --- Do you hope to go to
college? --- Yes, I hope to. 类似的词还有：expect, forget, intend, mean, prefer, want, wish等
② 在be going to, used to, have
to, need, ought to等词后常用省略形式，如：
I really didn’t want to read the
book, but I had to.
③ 在答语中有些形容词后可省
略动词只留to，如：
--- Do you like to go to my
party?
--- I’ll be glad / happy to.
④ 在不定式中带be, have, have
been 等通常保留
---Did he attend the meeting? --- No, but he ought to have
(attended the meeting) 2. 并列句中的省略
(1) 后面分句中有与前面分句相同的部分，如：
My brother works in a factory and I in a hospital.
We tried to help her but (we tried) in vain. (无用)
(2) 祈使句+ and+ 简单句，此时省略的祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，如： Use your head and you will find a way.= If you use your head, you will find a way. 3. 复合句中的省略
（1） 宾语从句中that的省略：He said
(that) he was not a thief.
（2） 定语从句中当先行词在从句作宾语
that可省，如：
This is the book(that) he read
yesterday.
（3） If引导的虚拟条件句中，if省略，
were, had, should 提前
If I were you, I would do it again→ Were I you, I would do it again. （4） 状语从句中，如果从句主语和主句
主语一致，从句中主语和be动词可省，这些连接词如：when, while, though, if, unless, once等，如：
While (he was ) talking with a foreigner, he was knocked down by a car.
When (he was) asked what had happened, Tom burst into tears.
Try to finish this task within 10 minutes if (it is ) possible.
（5） 由and引导的 第一个可省，往
往第二个不省
Mr. Wang said （that）I had won the match and that I could get 1000 yuan.
二．高考链接
21. Every evening after dinner, if not ___C___ from work, I will spend some time walking my dog.（09湖南）
A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired
33. --- What’s the matter with Della?（09江苏）
--- Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go to the party, but she still __A___.
A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for
35. Some of you may have finished unit one. __D___, you can go on to unit two. （09江西）
A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so
3. My uncle’s house in the downtown area is
much smaller than ours , but it is twice ____A___ expensive .（09四川）
A. as B. so C. too D. very
10. All the dishes in this menu, __D___
otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.（09全国II卷）
A. as B. if C. though D. unless
30. – Who should be responsible for the accident?（08福建）
– The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order _____.
A. as told B. as are told C. as telling D. as they told 答案是A。考查省略、被动的用法。They just carried out the order as they were told。
32. -----Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday? （08安徽）
----- Yes. _______, I’m going to visit some homes for the old in the city.
A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible
【答案与简析】D。本题考查四个句型结构。If ever如果有过的话(如果发生过的话)，例如She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema. 她难得看电影. If busy根据题意，是If I am
busy的省略，与下文语意矛盾；If anything 意思是―更可能的是，总之‖，例如Joe isn’t a bad boy. If anything,he’s a pretty good one. 乔不是一个坏男孩，总之，他是一个非常好的男孩；if possible如果可能的话。题意为―如果可能的话，我将去城里的一些老年之家看看。‖
【解题思路】这四个选项都是相应的状语从句省略而来，其中if ever, if anything, if possible已经成为固定的结构，需要我们在平时的学习中了解其用法。
1. We all know that, ____, the situation will get worse. 2007年全国一B
A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not
carefully dealt with
C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if
carefully dealt with
2. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____ every day. 2007年四川卷A
A. watered B. watering B. water D. to water
1.
--E—shopping, when properly D ,can save us a lot of time and energy.
--Yes. Previous __this, we had to search
shop after shop, only____ tired or disappointed. A．being done, to, to be B．doing, /, being
C．doing, /, to be D．done, to, to be 2. When _B_____ about his success, the great
man said with a big smile on his face: ―One sometimes finds what one is not looking for.‖
A. being asked B. asked C. asking D. to ask
3. — Well, I’m afraid it’ll be too crowded if you spend your holiday by the seaside at this time of year.
— _C___I go to the countryside? —It’ll be more enjoyable, I think.
A. How do you like B Do you suggest
C. What if D. How about 4. I’m sure all will go well as ___B__ ..
A. being planned B. planned C. having planned D. planning
5. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ___A_____ every day.
A. watered B. watering
B. water D. to water 6. When ___C___ different cultures, we
often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 7．____D____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
8. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ___A_____ every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water
9. ---Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
---As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he ___B________.
A. writes B. does writing C. is writing D. does write
10. – Will he be able to finish his homework today?
-- _____D________.
A. I like it B. I think not so C. I’ll do D. I think not
11. The key _D___ English well is to read more when ____.
A. to learn, possible B. of learning, possibly
C. of learning, was possible D. to learning, possible
12. Although ____C____ after the Civil War,
the American blacks still took no important role in the white Americans except as servants and laborers. A. no longer being slaves B. were no longer slaves C. no longer slaves D. no longer been slaves
13. These problems,_D___»will seriously affect the growth of teenagers and even the nation's future.
A. not if solved properly B. if solved properly
C. not if properly solved D. if not solved properly
14. ---Have you been to the Great Wall?
---Perhaps not in my memory. _B_____, it might have been during my early childhood.
A. If any B. If ever If so If not
15. If _B_____, the disease would produce a
powerful poison that would kill the patient.
A. it was untreat B. untreated
C. it untreated D. untreating 16．--- Mike was late for yesterday’s oral class. --- B ? He is always
punctual. A．So what B．How come
C．Why not D．What about
17. Although ___D_____ by the climb, he continued his journey.
A. was exhausting B. was exhausted
C. being exhausted D. exhausted 18. Once ___B_, such a chance might never come again.
A. losing B. lost C. to be lost D. having lost
19. The most common thing to do on the earth can be a big threat if __B___ properly, according to
Chen Shanguang, designer of the spaceship. A. doesn’t handle B. not handled C. not handling D. having not handled
20．— Mr. Lai, National Day is coming… — __C____? Just occupy yourself in your study.
A．How come B．Why not C．So what D．What for
21. When ＿A next year, the museum will be open to the public.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
22. The fat lady jumped off the floor, screaming, as if ___B____by a snake.
A. to have been bitten B. bitten C. being bitten D. to be bitten
23．Once C ,this dictionary will be
very popular. A．to publish B．publishing
C．published D．publish 24．Do you like to watch the advertisement
on TV if D ? A．so B．no C．some D．any 25．一They say Philip’s brother is a billionaire．
---___C__? He wouldn’t accept any help from his brother，even if it were offered． A．What if B．What for C．So what D．Forget it
26．一They say Philip’s brother is a billionaire．
一__C___? He wouldn’t accept any help from his brother，even if it were offered． A．What if B．What for C．So what D．Forget it 27．__阿__ and we’ll arrive in New York. A. Another hour B. An hour later
C. After an hour D. in an hour
28. —Will you go and attend her party?
—No, A .
A. even though invited to B. even if invited
C. if not invited D. unless being invited to go
29. If young people see a film C a famous person smokes cigarettes, they may
get a very bad , , message . A. when, if not dangerously B. where, if isn't in danger
C. in which, if not dangerous D. that, if not in danger
30．When ___B______, the new school buildings can hold as many as 10,000 students. A．being completed B．completed C．to be completed D．is completed
31．____A_______, I think, and the problems could be settled.
A．A bit more efforts B．Making greater efforts
C．If you double your efforts D．So long
as you make more efforts
32. The young man was advised not to say anything until _B____. A. was asked B. asked C. he is asked D. he would be asked
33．If ____C___ the same treatment again ,he is sure to get well
A. giving B. give C. given D. being given
34. ___C______ Mathilide had lost the necklace, Pierre's face turned white.
A. Hearing B. Having heard C. When hearing D. When he heard
35．When D on rocks, the plant
grows to a bush, broad leaves and large flowers. A．grown; to have B．grew;
having
C．growing; and have D．growing;
having
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