综合教程第四册 Unit 14 I. Background
人就是这样，往往身在福中不知福。以前住在陋巷茅屋的农村，则向往高楼大厦的城市;如今真的住上城市的高楼大厦，却又羡慕起农村的田园风光来了。
其实，城市有城市的烦恼和无奈。城市的天被高楼大厦挤成一条缝，城市的地大都压在高楼大厦底下;城市的阳光被高楼大厦截留;城市的空气被车流、人流、工厂搅得污浊不堪„„
先说住吧。城市里的人绝大多数住在千篇一律的方格式楼上，被钢筋水泥包围着，很容易让人联想起养殖专业户的兔笼鸡舍。人们困在加防盗网的楼内，心潮有时不免涌出被囚禁的涟漪。住高也不想望远，因为进入你眼帘的是让你生厌和乏味的多胞胎似的楼群。这还在其次。一个楼洞里三教九流良莠杂居，老死不相往来，很难找到农村那种借来往还、互相帮助、互相怜惜的浓浓的人际况味和绵绵的温馨乡情。
再说逛街吧。逛街本是件轻松惬意的事，可那好像是赶时间参加联合国大会的滚滚车流、人流，让你毫无安全感，尤其是那些擦身呼啸而过的摩托车，见了让人胆寒。顾命要紧，还是躲远点吧。......
怪不得人家发达国家的有钱人，纷纷花巨资到远离城市的山麓、水畔、林边去建造别墅，尽情地欣赏那湖光山色，享受那田园风光，呼吸那清新空气，沐浴那灿烂阳光，原来是躲避城市的喧嚣和无奈。 II. Analysis of the Text
本文是一篇典型的议论文，可分为三个部分:
Part I(Paragraphs 1-2)作者提出自己的论点，残忍的个性和分裂的城市生活与建设城市的目的和人的本性是相背的。因此是愚蠢的。
作者从他们在城市中的生活的角度将人类和老鼠进行厂对比，文章首先描述了晚上文明的城市生活，而此时也是老鼠在城市里活跃的时候，然后将两者的城市生活进行了对比，最后作者提出了自己的论点，和群居的老鼠相比，人类的城市生活是独立的和充满竞争性的，因此是愚蠢的。
Part II(Paragraphs 3－9)作者提出了愚蠢的城市生活和证据。 第3段和第4段讨论城市居民在试图住到城外所表现出来的虚伪。第5段和第6段提出城市里的工作和农业相比没什么意义这样的观点。第7段证明了城市居民生活和工作在一个不真实的环境中。第8段和第9段指出了办公室的
工作对人的身体健康的损害。
Part III(Paragraphs 10)作者总结了城市生活的愚蠢和产生这一现象的根本原因。一方面，城市居民试图喜欢农村的生活;另一方面，他们又蔑视和嘲笑这种生活。
III．Words & Phrases Study
文中出现的重难点单词及短语disdain, simulate, prim, pretense, grievous, reel, exertion, posture, slump, scurry 1. disdain
v. treat sth/sb with disdain; despise鄙视某事物/某人;轻视;蔑视 (释例)disdain an invitation，an offer of help，a peace initiative 不屑接受邀请，鄙视他人的援助，对和平建议不屑理会
<点拨>disdain作动词时的一种正式的意义为refuse(doing/to do sth)because of one's disdain 不屑于做某事 如:He disdains going to the cinema/to sit with people like us.他不屑于去看电影/与我们这些人同席而坐。disdain作名词时意为feeling that sb/sth is not good enough to deserve one's respect; contempt鄙视;轻视;蔑视 如:a look/tone/expression of disdain鄙夷人神态/语气/表情；treating other people's idea with disdain 蔑视他人的意见 2. simulate
v. pretend to have to feel(esp. an emotion)假装有或感到(尤指感情) <释例>simulate anger, joy, interest假装愤怒，高兴，有兴趣 her carefully simulated disappointment 她精心装出的失望
<点拨>simulate的另外两种意义和用法:①reproduce(certain conditions) by means of a model，etc， eg. for study or training purposes (用模型等)模拟(某环境)(如用于研究或训练) 如:simulate flight using a model plane in a
wind tunnel 用模型飞机在风洞里模拟飞行 ②take on the appearance of (sth/sb)模仿，伪装(某物/某人) 如:insects that simulate dead leaves 伪装成枯叶的昆虫 change colour to simulate the background改变颜色以模仿得与背景一样 3. prim
adj. (of a person) disliking anything that is improper, rude or rough: prudish (指人) 循规蹈矩的，拘谨的，古板的，假正经的
(释例)You can't tell that joke to her---she's much too prim and proper.可别给她讲那样的笑话—她这人过于古板和认真。
(点拨)prim还可意为stiffly formal in appearance，behaviour or manner (外观、行为或举止上)庄重的 如:a prim little dress with a white collar 带有白色衣领的十分端庄的连衣裙 4. pretense
n. deception; make-believe虚假;虚饰;假装;做作
<释例>Their friendliness was only pretense.他们的友谊完全是虚假的。Their way of life was all pretense.他们的生活方式都很做作。
(点拨)pretense的另外两种意义和用法:①claim to(merit，honour; etc)声称;自称;自诩;标榜 如:I have no pretense to being an expert on the subject.我并不自命是这方面的专家。②ostentation; pretentiousness炫耀;虚夸 如:an honest，kindly man without pretense 诚实而不做作的好心人 on/under false pretenses意为pretending to be sb else or to have certain qualifications，etc. in order to deceive 冒充某人或冒充有某资格以欺骗 如:Obtaining money on false pretenses 以诈骗手段骗钱 5. grievous
adj. causing grief or suffering令人伤心或痛苦的
(释例)grievous news, losses, wrongs 令人伤心的消失，损失，错误 <点拨>grievous的另一种正式的意义为(of sth bad)severe; serious(指坏事)剧烈的，严重的，如: grievous pain, wounds 剧痛，重伤 a grievous error，fault，sin，crime 严重的错、过失、罪过、罪行 6. reel
v. more unsteadily or sway: stagger摇摇晃晃地移动;摇摆;蹒跚
<释例>She reeled back from the force of the blow.她受此一击向后打了个趔趄。I reeled round in a daze.我头昏眼花走不稳。
<点拨>reel的比喻义为(of the mind or head)be or become dizzy or confused; be in a whirl(指心智或头脑)眩晕，迷乱，发晕。如:The very idea sets my head reeling.就是那念头把我弄得头昏脑涨。His mind reeled when he heard the news.他听到那消息后感到头发蒙。短语动词reel sth off意为say or repeat sth. rapidly without pause of apparent effort一口气说或重复某事 如:reel off a poem，list of names，set of instruction一口气背出一首诗，说出许多名字，发出一系列指令 7. exertion
n. (instance of) great effort努力; 尽力; 费力
<释例>He failed to lift the rock in spite of all his exertions.他虽然竭尽全力，但仍未能将那石块搬起。Now that I'm 90，I find the exertions of travelling too great.我年届90，出远门已力不从心。
<点拨>exertion还可意为action of applying influence.发挥;运用;行使;施加如:Exertion of authority over others is not always wise; persuasion may
be better.利用权力压服别人并非永远是上策，运用说服方式或许更为可取。 8. posture
n. attitude or position of the body姿势，姿态
(释例)an awkward posture笨拙的姿态 The artist asked his model to take a reclining posture.画家要求模特儿取斜倚的姿势。
<点拨>posture作名词时的另外两种意义和用法:①way in which a person holds himself as he stands，walks or sits 坐立或行走的方式，举止 如:She has very good posture.她举止很优推。Poor posture will give you backache.坐姿不好会使人腰背酸痛。②way of looking at sth; attitude看法;态度。如: The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问上来取了毫不妥协的态度。posture作动词时意为stand，sit，etc in a self-conscious，exaggerated manner; pose以不自然的，装模做样的方式站着，坐着等;摆姿势。如:Stop posturing in front of that mirror and listen to me!别对着那面镜子摆样子，听我的吧! 9. slump
v. fall or flop heaving沉重地落下或倒下
<释例>Tired from her walk she slumped down onto the sofa.她走累下，一屁股坐在沙发上。They found her slumped over the steering wheel.他们发现她倒伏在方向盘上。
<点拨>slump还可意为(of prices trade，business activity)fall suddenly or greatly(指价格、贸易商业活动)突然或大幅度下跌或减少。如:What caused share values to slump?股价暴跌是什么原因? slump作名词时可意为period when a person，a team，etc has little success，poor results，etc(个人、
运动队等的)低潮状态(毫无进展、成绩不佳等)。如:a slump in her career 她事业中的低谷 10. scurry
v. run with short quick stops小步疾跑
<释例>The rain sent everyone scurrying for shelter.这阵雨把大家浇得纷纷找地方躲避。
(点拨)scamper, scurry和scuttle三词均指人或动物小步奔跑。scamper(around，away，off，etc) 反用于小动物(小狗、老鼠等)和儿童，指玩耍嬉戏或受惊逃跑。如:The children were scampering around the garden.孩子们在花园里嬉戏奔跑。scurry即可指重大的或仓促的活动。如:We were scurrying about until the last minute before the party.聚会开始前，我们一直不停地忙忙碌碌。Scuttle/Scurry away when I lifted the stone.我把石头搬起来，那甲虫就逃跑了。The spectators scurried for shelter as soon as it began to rain.一下起雨来.观众就纷纷找地方躲避。 IV. Class Check
1. It is very strange but I had an _____ that the plane would crash. A) inspiration B)intuition C)imagination D)incentive 2. A budget of five dollars a day is totally _____ for a trip round Europe. A) inadequate B)incapable C)incompatible D)invalid 3. Please _____ your comments to the topic of the discussion. A) refine B)confess C)confine D)conclude 4. Beijing University has a perfect _____ atmosphere. A) academic B)tropical C)isolated D)hostile
5. Anyone who has spent time with children is aware of the difference in the way boys and girls respond to _____ situations. A) similar B) alike C) same D)likely
6. I could not get through because traffic was completely _____ by the crowd.
A) jammed B)rushed C)prevented D)brimmed V. Text Explanation
1.Now and then a car comes out of the silence and cruises easily through the blinking traffic lights : now and then的意思是occasionally ; sometimes; not regularly 有时，偶尔 如:I don't think about my old home very much，only now and then.我并不怎么想念老家，只是偶尔想想罢了。Now and then they go to a ball game.他们偶尔去看一场球赛。
2. But after 6 a.m.，the two-legged，daytime creatures of the city begin to stir; and it is they，not the rats，who bring the rat race: rat race在本句中的意思是a very confusing, crowded, or disorderly rush; a confusing scrable, or way of loving that does not seem to have a purpose 非常混乱，拥挤不堪，或无秩序的场合，一种似乎无目的的纷纷攘攘的生活 如: The dance last night was a rat race. It was too noisy and crowed.昨晚的舞会又吵又挤,简直是一团糟。rat race的另一层意思是a continual and compulsive and undignified struggle or competition for success in business，a profession，social status (为追求社会地位、事业成功而进行的)疯狂的角逐，无情的竞争 如At the age of 60，my father was at last able to get out of the rat race in the city and buy a house in the quiet
countryside.我父亲在六十岁时终于得以摆脱城市中你争我夺无情竞争,在僻静的乡下买了一幢房子住下。
3. No effort is spared to let city dwellers imagine they are living any where but in a city: spare no effort to do sth的意思是do everything that hard work can do 不遗余力，不辞劳苦 如:Geological workers have spared no effort to uncover the mineral resources.地质工作者不辞劳苦地寻找矿产资源。
4. ...spreading over the long island potato fields whose earlier solitude was presumably the reason why they first there: Long Island. 长岛 在美国纽约州东南部，长岛与康涅狄格州南部海岸相望。包括金斯、昆斯、拿骚及萨福克四县。从哈得孙河口向东北延伸,宽12-23英里，面积1,723平方英里。
5. The rats clean it up at night: clean up意思是clean(sth such as a room)thoroughly; remove(sth unwanted such as dirt)and leave the place clean 彻底把(房间等)打扫干净;收拾整洁 如:This room needs cleaning up.这个房间需要彻底打扫一下。Now the party's over, let's clean up.宴会结束了，我们一起来收拾一下吧。Jone, clean up the broken glass before someone walks on it.约翰，把碎玻璃清扫一下，别让人踩了。
6. It merely means that to the rush-hour traffic into the city there is now added a rush-hour traffic out to the suburbs in the morning:这是一个部分倒装的句子。它的正常的语序应该是:It merely means that there is now a rush-hour traffic out to the suburbs in the morning added to the rush-hour traffic into the city.动词词组add to的意思是increase in extent or quantity; supplement.增加;扩充 如:The material have added greating
to their knowledge of life in India during the Stone Age.这些资料大大地增加了他们对印度石器时代生活的了解。That splendid building had been added to from time to time.那座宏伟的建筑曾经一再扩建。Her coming added to our pleasure.她的到来使我们更加高兴。
7. They rush from the office to jog, to the gym or the YMCA pool, to work at their play with the same joylessness: YMCA: Young Men's Christian Association.基督教青年会(YMCA)。以通过团体活动和公民训练发扬基督徒高尚品德为宗旨的跨教派的非政治性组织。
8. These windows are a scandal because they endanger the lives of office workers in case of fire:词组in case of在句中的意思是if whatever is specified should occur 万一;假如发生„„ 如:In case of fire，summon the fire brigade.万一发生火灾，请呼叫消防队。Break the circuit first in case of fire.如遇火警，先断开电路。in case of的另一用法和意义是:in order to meet the possibility of; as a precaution against,以备;以防 Always keep a bucket of water handy, in case of fire.你手边总要备着一桶水，以防火灾。
9. Thus it is not surprising that the urban worker has no knowledge of the seasons: have no knowledge of的意思是not know(sth or the reason for sth)at all; have no conception of.(对„„)一点也不知道，无„„之概念如:The dwellers in temperate zones have no knowledge of the luxuriance of tropical vegetation.温带的居民无法设想苍郁茂密的热带植被。
10.No city dweller，even in the suburbs，knows the wonder of a pitch-dark country lane at night: pitch-dark:是复合形容词，其构词形式
为“名词+形容词”，其意义为:as dark as pitch 由这种构词法构成的复合形容词在英语中有很多，其意义基本上都可以理解为:as+形容词+as+名词。 11. Every European points out that Americans are the most round- shouldered people in the world: point out的意思是show; explain; draw attention to(sth or sb)，指出;指明;解释;把注意力引向(某物或某人) 如:The guide pointed out to us the nearest way to the office.导游给我们指明了到邮局去的最近的一条路。He pointed out that there was little chance of success.他指出成功的机会很小。May I point out that if we don't leave now we shall miss the bus.我能否提醒一下，如果现在不动身，我们就赶不上公共汽车了。round-shouldered也是复合形容词，构词形式为:形容词+名词+ed后缀，意思是(walking，standing，etc)with the shoulders bent forward (行走,站立等)弓背曲肩的
12.Everything in urban life is an effort either to simulate rural life or to compensate for its loss by artificial means: compensate for在本句中的意思是provide a balance for(sth wrong) 补偿，弥补，抵消 如:Nothing will ever compensate the football star for the loss of one leg.无论什么都将弥补不了这位足球明星失去一条腿的损失。compensate for的另一层意思是pay(sb) back for (money spent or lost) 赔偿 如:The insurance company must compensate you for your pecuniary loss in the fire.保险公司应该赔偿你在火灾中蒙受的经济损失。by means of的意思是by the use of;with the help of 借助于;通过;用 如:They have made a fortune by means of industry.他们靠勤劳致富。Thoughts are expressed by means of
speech.思想靠言语表达。
13. Now go out and carry home a Douglas fir ， call it a Christmas tree and enjoy 12 days of contact, with nature: Douglas·David(1798-1834.7.12)，道格拉斯,巩固植物学家,北美旅行家和植物采集家等。道格拉斯杉Pseudotsugamenzies和道格拉斯樱草属Douglasia都以他的姓氏命名。 VI．Translation exercises
I. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.
1. The government spared no effort to support our environmental protection projects.
2.She had no knowledge of Chinese history, geography and culture before she came to China.
3. The fire that broke out in the kindergarten endangered 23 children's lives.
4. We tried our best to head Henry off the topic, because we knew he would reveal confidential information.
5. The sonorous voice of the speaker is echoing round the hall. 6. Industry and loyalty sometimes compensate for the lack of ability. 7. As far as I know, he was one of the few people who got out of the rat race.
8. He left a few men behind to clean up the last of the enemy positions. II. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
为什么那么多人十分急切地希望离开自己从小长大的小城镇或村庄，奔向
大都市呢?他们常说自己的家乡“枯燥乏味”，或者“死气沉沉”，或者最苛刻地指责它“土里吧叽”。
如果我们超脱一点来研究这个问题，就像我们远距离地审视整个国家一样，我们对到底是什么诱使我们到大城市来这个问题就会有一点眉目了。大城市值得注意的主要一点就是“大”:人多，发生的事情也多。如果你真正从一个很远的距离，如夜晚航行的飞机上，俯视一座城市，你会被眼前难以置信的明亮所打动:那么多的灯光，以至于你会情不自禁地以为五彩缤纷的生活就在下面向你招手。然而，一旦你落地，失望之情便会油然而生，因为当你驱车从机场驶入市中心时，你会意识到光明不过是绵延几英里的路灯和霓虹招牌。它们本身并非是快乐与幸福的源泉。城市之光并不友善，仅仅只是灯光而已。事实上，其效果或许还让你感到寂寞和孤独。
IV. Class Check答案1-6： B A C A A A
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