切换流程
1 切换参考索引(Reference) (3)2 本⽂的范围(SCOPE) (3)
3 发起切换的条件(Requirements) (4)4 Intra-MSC Handover (5)4.1 正常成功的切换 (5)4.2 切换失败时的处理 (6)5 Inter-MSC Handover (7)5.1 有电路连接的MSC间切换 (7)5.2 ⽆电路连接的Inter-msc Handover (8)5.3 后续切换(MSC-A-MSC-B-MSC-A) (9)5.4 后续切换(MSC-A-MSC-B-MSC-B’ ) (10)6 Message Type And Element Identify (11)6.1 Handover-required(切换需求) (11)6.2 Handover-Request(切换请求)。 (13)6.3 HANDOVER-REQUEST-ACK (14)6.4 Handover-command (14)6.5 HANDOVER FAILURE (14)7 Service and primitives with MAP (15)7.1 MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER (15)
7.2 MAP-ALLOCATION-HANDOVER-NUMBER (15)7.3 MAP-SEND-HANDOVER-REPORT (16)7.4 MAP-SEND-END-SIGNALING (16)
7.5 MAP-PROCESS-ACCESS-SIGNALING (16)7.6 MAP-PREPRARE-SUBSEQUNT-HANDOVER (16)7.7 MAP-PROCESS-FORWARD-ACCESS-SIGNALING (16)8 附录,切换信令跟踪 (17)9 BSS-APDU的ASN.1描述 (17)10 消息中的⼀些简写说明 (17)切换流程
1 切换参考索引(Reference)
GSM 03.09 Handover procedures(BSC间和MSC间的切换)GSM 04.08 Mobile Radio Layer 3 SpecificationGSM 08.08 MSC-BSC InterfaceGSM 09.02 MAP
GSM 09.08 BSSAP On E Interface
MS MSCBSCBTSA接接
2 本⽂的范围(SCOPE)
本⽂是基于03.09展开的切换,在本⽂中重点讲述Inter-BSC,Inter-MSC间的切换。本⽂包含2部分1、Inter-BSC的切换,MSC内的切换
2、Inter-MSC的切换,MSC间的切换,包含如下3部分a)基本的MSC间切换,从MSC-A到MSC-B
b)MSC间切换时并发的MSC内切换,也就是从MSC-A切换到MSC-B之后,在MSC-B内进⾏的并发的到MSC-B’。c)切换回退,从MSC-B返回到MSC-A
在上述的切换中,也在0408,0808中有相关的定义,主要定义了A接⼝的相关⽆线资源,在0902中定义了MSC间切换的相关MAP协议。
在VGCS中,是直接进⾏切换的,⽽没有MSC间的电路连接的。在VBS中,Speaker通过点对点的切换流程,⽽Listener则是通过空闲模式下的⼩区重选进⾏切换的。MSC间切换的时候,应该能够完成⼀个BSC是BSSMAP Phase1,⼀个是BSCBSSMAP Phase2的交互在E接⼝上。3 发起切换的条件(Requirements)
⽆线⼦系统标准决定,如(RF Lever,RF Quality,Distance);也有⽹络侧决定,如(当前⼩区的TCH Workload,M&ORequest)。
⼀个切换的需要,取决于RF标准,MS通过进⾏临近⼩区的测量,这个测量定期的报告给⽆线⽹络,当MS判决有必要进⾏切换的时候,执⾏切换请求。
在⼀个BSC和MSC内,由2种类型的切换:切换分外部切换和内部切换。内部切换:
⼩区间和⼩区内的信道的切换,由BSC控制的切换。不涉及MSC,但是在切换完成之后,会通知MSC。外部切换:
在相同的⼩区,相同BSS不同⼩区之间,不同的信道之间,被MSC控制的切换。典型的切换原因如下:uplink quality,uplink strength,downlink quality,downlink strengthdistance,
better cellresponse to MSCO and M intervention,directed retry,switch circuittraffic,preemption.
4 Intra-MSC Handover
4.1 正常成功的切换
1.MS通过定时的测量报告,对其临近的⼩区进⾏测量。
2.当BSC-A发现当前的⼩区或者信道信号不好,⽽别的地⽅有空闲的信道时,发且⼀个
Handover-required消息到MSC-A,切换请求消息应当包含如下的内容:能够切换的⼩区列表或者单个⼩区,并且这些⼩区是按照优先级别排序的⼩区列表(优先级别排序规则不表);切换的原因值等。3.当MSC收到请求后,将开始处理切换MSC到BSC-B中。向⽬标的BSC发⼀个Handover-request消息,携带⽬标⼩区(⾮⼩区列表)。
4.当⽬标BSC(BSC-B)受到Handover-request消息后,将采取有效的⾏动允许MS接⼊到⾃⾝下(this is detailed in GSM 08.58 and the GSM 05 series of Technical Specifications)。5.在⽆线侧BSC-B的资源分配完成之后,BSC-B将发送HANDOVER-REQUEST-ACK消息,给MSC-A(也就是服务的MSC)。
6.在收到BSC-B的确认消息收,MSC-A将指⽰MS调整到新的指配的信道上,通过Handover-command给BSC-A发切换命令。命令中带有⽬标⼩区。
7.BSC将发送RI-Handover-command给MS,消息中带了BSC-B分配的Handover Referencenumber。
8.MS发送ri-Handover-access消息给BSC-B ,消息中包含了Handover Reference number。
这个Handover Reference number将被在BSC-B上进⾏检查,以确保是期待的和正确的MS 被BSC-B捕获。9.如果是正确的,BSC-B将给MSC-A发送⼀个Handover-detect消息。
10.MS回给BSC-B发送⼀个ri-Handover-complete消息,表明MS成功的和BSC-B通信。11.BSC-B给MSC-A发送HANDOVER-COMPLETE消息,表明切换成功。12.MSC将发送清除命令,要求BSC-A释放相关的⽆线接⼝资源。13.RI- Radio Interface4.2 切换失败时的处理
如果在切换过程中发⽣了失败处理,当BSC-A、BSC-B收到Handover-failure消息后,MSC-A 将终⽌切换到BSC-B,在这种情况下,MSC可以采取如下的动作:1、重试切换到相同的⼩区
2、从HANDOVER-REQUIRED消息中的⼩区选择⼀个,再次发起切换请求,切换的⼩区是
新⼩区。
3、等待下⼀个HANDOVER-REQUIRED
4、如果切换命令(Handover-command)还没有发送到BSC-A,发送⼀个切换拒绝消息(Handover-reject)。5 Inter-MSC Handover5.1 有电路连接的MSC间切换
MSC间的切换需要引⽤E接⼝MAP消息,在E接⼝上有关HO的MAP消息有:MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER
MAP-ALLOCATION-HANDOVER-NUMBERMAP-SEND-HANDOVER-REPORTMAP-PROCESS-ACCESS-SIGNALINGMAP-SEND-END-SIGNALING
MAP-PROCESS-FORWARD-ACCESS-SIGNALINGMAP-PREPRARE-SUBSEQUNT-HANDOVER切换流程解释
1.MSC-A分析切换请求消息中的最优先⽬标⼩区是临近MSC-B的⼩区(通过查询MSC-A
的相关配置信息,如果MSC的位置区/⼩区表,只要⼩区的位置区为MSC-B的,发起向MSC-B的),此时发起⼀个E接⼝的MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER-REQ给MSC-B,带上了⽬标⼩区号,如果MAP请求有HO-NumberNotRequired,不要求切换号码; Upon
receipt of the A-HO-REQUIRED from BSS-A, MSC-A shall send a
MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER request to MSC-B including a complete A-HO-REQUEST message. (NOTE: MSC-A shall notsend further MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER requests while a MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER response is pending or beforeany timeouts). The MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER request shall carry in the A-HO-REQUEST all information needed byMSC-B for allocating a radio channel, see Technical Specification GSM 08.08. 所有的BSS业务信息在MAP消息中的BSS-APDU消息元中承载。
2.MSC-B通过MAP-ALLOCATE-HANDOVER-NUMBER-Req到VLR-B 。
3.VLR-B给MSC-B分配⼀个切换号码,通过MAP-SEND-HANDOVER-REPORT-REQ消息。
4.MSC-B给MSC-A发送准备切换的响应MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER-RESP
5.收到后,MSC-A发IAM消息到MSC-B,主叫号码为:A的MSISDN,被叫号码为:A的切换号码;收到ACM后;MSC-A发起切换命令;
6.MS发起⼀个RI-HO-ACCESS消息,发起接⼊到BSC-B,BSC-B收到之后,发起HO-DETECT,MSC-B通过E接⼝发起MAP-PROCESS-ACESS-SIG到MSC-A;7.MS切换完成之后,发起HO-COMPLETE;
8.MSC-B发起MAP-PROCESS-END-SIG Req. 到MSC-A,MSC-A发起清除⽆线信道的命
令,但是MSC-A应当保留所有的呼叫控制功能,直到MS(主叫或者被叫)呼叫清除和没有没有呼叫功能需要被完成。9.当MSC-B收到HO-COMPLETE后,为了避免现在PTSN⽹络冲突,必须⽣成⼀个
ANSWER消息。
10.当MSC-A完成呼叫功能清除和清除MS后,MSC-A发起MAP-PROCESS-END-SIG Resp.指⽰MSC-B释放相关的MAP资源。这样做的⽬的主要是在后续切换中,⽆需进⾏电路的分配。5.2 ⽆电路连接的Inter-msc Handover
⽆电路连接的MSC间切换主要应⽤与VGCS中,他与有电路连接的主要区别是在
MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER Request中不请求分配切换号码,由于没有切换号码,将不会有IAM/ACM等消息。
5.3 后续切换(MSC-A-MSC-B-MSC-A)
由于各种原因,切换到MSC-B的⽤户⼜切换回MSC-A,流程如下,
由于在MSC-A 到 MSC-B之间的Map和和电路⼀直没有释放,因此切换回MSC-A的时候,⽆需电路指配的。但是切换回MSC-A后,就需要释放相关的Map和电路。
后续切换与最初的切换在Map上⼜少许不同,其中主要的差别在与发送后续切换消息MAP-PREPARE-SUBSEQUENET-HANDOVER。此消息主要包含BSS-APDU(HO-REQ 或者 HO-REQ-ACK),target-MSC,target-Cell-ID消息。后续切换需要注意上述流程中的MS/BSS-B,BSS-A/MS等关系。5.4 后续切换(MSC-A-MSC-B-MSC-B’ )MSC-B’是第3个MSC
1.MSC-B,发起⼀个后续切换请求给MSC-A,后续切换请求消息中的⼩区和⽬标MSC 为MSC-B’下。
2.MSC-A发起MAP-PREP-HO Request消息给MSC-B’;请求MSC-B’分配漫游号码和⽆线资源(HANDOVER-REQUEST消息内容被包含在BSS-APDU信息元中)。
3.MSC-B通过MAP-ALLOCATE-HO-NUBER Request消息向VLR-B’请求分配切换号码。4.VLR-B’给MSC-B’回MAP-HO-REPORT Request消息,携带切换号码。
5.MSC-B’给MSC-A回MAP-PREP-HO Response消息,MAP消息的BSS-APDU中携带HO-REQUEST消息;
6.MSC-A和MSC-B’之间发IAM/ACM;
7.MSC-A给 MSC-B’后续切换响应消息MAP- PREP-SUB-HO Resp, MAP消息中的BSS-APDU包含HO-COMMAND消息。8.MSC-B发送给MS发HO-COMMAND
9.MS通过⽆线信道进⾏RI-HO-ACCESS,和切换检测RI-HO-DETECT
10.HO-DETECT消息通过MAP-PROCESS-ACCESS-SIGNAL Request消息发给MSC-A
11.MS在MSC-B’切换完成之后,通过MAP-SEND-END-SIGNAL Request消息上报切换成功(HO-COMPLETE)消息给MSC-A。
12.释放MSC-A和MSC-B之间MAP消息、E接⼝电路、MSC-B的⽆线资源;13.保留MSC-A到MSC-B’之间的MAP消息,E接⼝电路,直到呼叫释放。6 Message Type And Element Identify6.1 Handover-required(切换需求)
请注意Handover-Request和Handover-required是有很⼤不同的。Handover-Request是BSC-A,发给MSC-A进⾏切换请求的,⽽Handover-Request是MSC-A发给BSC-B的,消息差别较⼤。
6.2 Handover-Request(切换请求)。
6.3 HANDOVER-REQUEST-ACK
6.4 Handover-command
6.5 HANDOVER FAILURE
典型的切换失败原因有radio interface message failure;O and M intervention;Equipment failure;
no radio resource available;
requested terrestrial resource unavailable;requested transcoding/rate adaption unavailable;terrestrial resource already allocated;invalid message contents;
radio interface failure - reversion to old channel;ciphering algorithm not supported;circuit pool mismatch;switch circuit pool;
requested speech version unavailable.
7 Service and primitives with MAP 7.1 MAP-PREPARE-HANDOVER
7.2 MAP-ALLOCATION-HANDOVER-NUMBER
7.3 MAP-SEND-HANDOVER-REPORT
7.4 MAP-SEND-END-SIGNALING
7.5 MAP-PROCESS-ACCESS-SIGNALING
7.6 MAP-PREPRARE-SUBSEQUNT-HANDOVER
7.7 MAP-PROCESS-FORWARD-ACCESS-SIGNALING
8 附录,切换信令跟踪
后向切换(安顺到贵阳再到安顺)成功1.UIT9 BSS-APDU的ASN.1描述bss-APDU SEQUENCE{
protocolId ENUMERATED{
gsm-0408 (1 ),gsm-0806 (2 ),gsm-BSSMAP (3 ),ets-300102-1 (4 )},
signalInfo OCTET STRING ( SIZE (1 .. 200 ) ),extensionContainer SEQUENCE{
privateExtensionList [0] IMPLICIT SEQUENCE SIZE (1 .. 10 ) OFSEQUENCE{
extId MAP-EXTENSION .&extensionId ( {...} ) ,
extType MAP-EXTENSION .&ExtensionType ( {,...} { @extId } ) OPTIONAL} OPTIONAL,
pcs-Extensions [1] IMPLICIT SEQUENCE {... } OPTIONAL,... } OPTIONAL,... }
10 消息中的⼀些简写说明
In defining the service-primitives the following convention is used for categorising parameters: M
the inclusion of the parameter is mandatory. The M category can be used for any primitive type and specifies that thecorresponding parameter must be present in the indicated primitive type;O
the inclusion of the parameter is a service-provider option. The O category can be used in indication and confirm type
primitives and is used for parameters that may optionally be included by the service-provider;U
the inclusion of the parameter is a service-user option. The U category can be used in request and response type primitives.The inclusion of the corresponding parameter is the choice of the service-user;C
the inclusion of the parameter is conditional. The C category can be used for the following purposes:1.to indicate that if the parameter is received from another entity it must be includedfor the service being considered;
2.to indicate that the service user must decide whether to include the parameter,based on the context on which the service is used;
3.to indicate that one of a number of mutually exclusive parameters must be included(e.g. parameters indicating a positive result versus parameters indicating a negativeresult);
4.to indicate that a service user optional parameter (marked \"U\") or a conditionalparameter (marked \"C\") presented by the service user in a request or response typeprimitive is to be presented to the service user in the corresponding indication orconfirm type primitive;(=)
when appended to one of the above, this symbol means that the parameter takes the same value as the parameter appearingimmediately to its left;blank
the parameter is not present.
A primitive type may also be without parameters, i.e. no parameter is required with the primitive type; in this case thecorresponding column of the table is empty.
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