第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
People in the Middle Ages did eat with their hands. Personal utensils (餐具) were mostly unheard of, especially forks. There were spoons to help serve, but only special guests would receive a knife from the host. Everyone else would be expected to bring their own. Of course, eating with one's hands can be quite a sticky situation, so towels were provided to help diners stay at least somewhat clean as they ate.
Still, dining was often a messy affair. At special occasions in the wealthiest households, women tended to dine alone, separate from the men. Women were expected to uphold a quality of grace. Eating greasy meat by hand would certainly not help! Once the men and women had finished their meals, they would come together to socialize.
Dietary scholars of the Middle Ages believed that the foods in a meal needed to be served and eaten in order of heaviness. The lightest and most easily digested foods, such as fruits and cheeses, were eaten first to help the digestive (消化) system get started. Once digestion was underway, greens and light meats, such as lettuce, cabbage and chicken, could be eaten. Last came the heavier vegetables and meats, such as carrots, beans, beef, pork, and mutton. This method was considered the most healthful way to eat.
The main and largest meal of the day was supper, and it was eaten at midday. Dinner was a light meal, and many of those in nobility (贵族) - the highest levels of the Middle Ages society-skipped breakfast altogether. Breakfast was considered unnecessary for those who did not perform physical work. Snacks and any other eating during the day were viewed the same way. Commoners, or the working class, were allowed to eat breakfast and small meals throughout the day.
1. What did people in the Middle Ages usually do at the dinner table? A. They cleaned hands before meals. B. They used personal utensils. C. They had to use knives at dinner. D. They ate mostly with hands.
2. What is the third paragraph mainly about? A. The order of eating foods.
B. The weight of various foods. C. The principles of digesting foods. D. The list of healthy foods.
3. Why did the nobility avoid eating breakfast? A. Breakfast was wasted for the nobility. B. Breakfast was viewed as unnecessary. C. Breakfast was considered as a light meal. D. Breakfast was saved for commoners.
B
The AI research arm of Alibaba created a machine learning model that received a higher score on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset than humans. The database consists of more than 100,000 questions to test reading comprehension.
In early January this year the Alibaba AI software machine scored 82.44 on the test while humans scored 82.304. Besides, computers and AI have already defeated humans, for example in games such as chess. However, it seemed that language skills were superior in humans as machines find languages hard to master.
A large number of call center employees, often in developing countries, may be out of work soon if the AI robots are cheaper and as effective as human labor. Soon when you phone a company for information the conversation will go like this: “ We are sorry but all our robots are busy right now. We value your call. Please stay on the line until a robot is free to serve you. There are just 12 callers ahead of you.” A robot will serve you some popular tunes while you wait.
Si Luo, who is a chief scientist of natural language processing at Alibaba’s AI research group noted that questions such as “What causes rain?” can now be answered with a high degree of accuracy by robots. Si Luo said, “ We believe the foundational technology can be gradually applied to a lot of applications such as customer service, museum tutorials, and online responses to inquiries from patients, freeing human efforts in a new way.”
Si Luo’s team is working closely with Ali Xiaomi, a mobile customer service chatbot. Ali Xiaomi can be customized to be used on Alibaba’s platforms such as Taobao and Tmall. The new AI robots could answer consumers’ questions as they did the Stanford questions. The robots would look for the answers from prepared information. However, there are limits to what the system will be able to do. If questions do not have clear-cut answers, or the questions asked are too unclear or ungrammatical, the robot may not be able to deal with them. 4. What can we learn about the Alibaba AI software machine?
A. It has been tested in some areas. B. It has become popular since January. C. It has offered a special learning style. D. It has made people interested in reading. 5. What does the example in paragraph 3 show about the AI robots? A. They should have better language skills. B. They may replace humans in some fields. C. They need to be customized to serve customers. D. They will be widely used in developing countries. 6. How does Si Luo feel about the foundational technology?
A. Doubtful. B. Worried. C. Curious. D. Confident. 7. What can we infer from the lastparagraph about Ali Xiaomi?
A. It needs to improve in some ways. B. It is connected with another system. C. It is a platform to show good service. D. It can answer any questions accordingly.
C
When you walk on a sandy beach, it takes more energy than striding down a sidewalk — because the weight of your body pushes into the sand. Turns out, the same thing is true for vehicles driving on roads. The weight of the vehicles creates a very shallow indentation (凹陷) in the pavement (路面) — and it makes it such that it’s continuously driving up a very shallow hill.
Jeremy Gregory, a sustainability scientist at M.I.T. and histeam modeled how much energy could be saved — and green-house gases avoided — by simply stiffening (硬化) the nation’s roads and highways. And they found that stiffening 10 percent of the nation’s roads every year could prevent 440 megatons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions over the next five decades — enough to offset half a percent of projected transportation sector emissions over that time period. To put those emissions savings into context — that amount is equivalent to how much CO2 you’d spare the planet by keeping a billion barrels of oil in the ground — or by growing seven billion trees — for a decade.
The results are in the Transportation Research Record.
As for how to stiffen roads? Gregory says you could mix small amounts of synthetic fibers orcarbon nanotubes into paving materials. Or you could pave with cement-based concrete, which is stiffer than asphalt (沥青).
This system could also be a way to shave carbon emissions without some of the usual hurdles. Usually, when it comes to reducing emissions in the transportation sector, you’re talking about changing policies related to
vehicles and also driver behavior, which involves millions and millions of people — as opposed to changing the way we design and maintain our pavements. That’s just on the order of thousands of people who are working in transportation agencies. And when it comes to retrofitting (翻新) our streets and highways —those agencies are where the rubber meets the road. 8. Why does the author mention “walk on a sandy beach” in paragraph 1? A. To present a fact. B. To make a contrast. C. To explain a rule. D. To share an experience. 9. What suggestion does the author give to reduce CO2 emissions? A. Hardening the road. B. Keeping oil in the ground.
C. Growing trees for decades. D. Improving the transportation. 10. What is the advantage of this suggestion?
A. Gaining more support. B. Consuming less money. C. Involving more people. D. Facing fewer usual obstacles. 11. What does the underlined part mean in the last paragraph? A.Those agencies are likely to make more rules. B. Those agencies will change some related policies. C. Those agenciesmight put more rubber tires on the roads. D. Those agencies will play a key role in making this happen.
D
I have a memory of being about five years old, picking up a beautiful grilled(烧烤的）cheese sandwich made for me by my hard —working mother and turning it over to see that theother side was burned. Suddenly what I thought was the perfect sandwich was not so perfect. Mom had tried to hide that fact from me. There was no question; I ate it anyway without complaining. However, that moment has stuck in my mind for many years. Now, at the age of 43 as a mother of two children and as a biology professor where I am routinely the \"academic mother\" of hundreds of students every year,I find that I believe inThe Grilled Cheese Principle.Here is what I mean
Making a grilled cheese sandwich is easy right? But when I think of how many burned grilled cheese sandwiches I have eaten, or I have made myself, I realize that most of the grilled cheese sandwiches I have known have had at least one burned side. The thing is that although it is a ly easy thing to make, I can also easily lose focus, and before long the sandwich is burned. For my mother, the first side was usually perfect and the second side got burned due to her being distracted. For me,I have tended to burn the first side,but then I more carefully
monitor the second side.Either way,the grilled cheese sandwich suffers because it has not been given the attention it deserves
So, I have learned that even the simplest task deserves my full attention. When I am multi-tasking, I am doing none of the tasks well. And when I allow myself to be distracted, I am not in the present moment — not paying attention to the small details of living or enjoying the process
So now, I believe the best way to make a perfect grilled cheese sandwich is to make only one at a time and give it my full attention.
12. How did the writer react to the sandwich with burned side? A. She ate it with some complaints B. She showed no interest. C. She thought it was still perfect D. She was deeply impressed with it
13. What doesThe Grilled Cheese Principlemean? A. Even simple things deserve full attention B. Losing focus makes the sandwich burned C. Self-made sandwiches are always burned D. we should make only one sandwich at a time
14. Which of the following can we infer from the passage? A. Everything cannot be done well without full attention
B. Moms always like to lie to kids when they have done something wrong C. We can lose focus more easily when we do easy things. D. Multi-tasking can be an obstacle to the achievement of tasks. 15. What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A. Nothing is perfect
B. Learn to appreciate the burned sandwiches C. Devote yourself to one thing at a time. D. Never do multi-tasks
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
Critical（批判的）thinking is the art of using reason to analyze ideas and dig deeper to get to our true
potential. It doesn’t mean you’re thinking harder or longer.____16____Here are some tips and ideas to help you build a foundation for critical thinking.
Question your assumptions. We make a lot of assumptions about almost everything. It’s how our brain processes certain pieces of information, and how we get along in everyday life. You could say they are the foundation of our critical framework.____17____Then the whole foundation needs to be rebuilt, from the bottom up.
Don’t take information on authority until you've investigated it yourself. Instead of double-checking everything anyone says, we tend to label information as either coming from a trustworthy or not trustworthy source. This keeps us from double-checking every piece of information that comes our way, saving time and energy. But it also keeps us from getting to the bottom of things we think of as coming from a trustworthy source, even when they don’t.___18___
Put yourself in other people’s shoes. Empathy can also help you develop your critical thinking skills.____19____You may find that a little understanding facilitates a deeper insight into other people and their behavior. The deeper your insight into yourself and others, the wiser your decisions will be.
___20___There is no way to learn better than learning from your friends. If you only want to be a big fish swimming in the little pond just because your ego（自负）feels good, keep this part. If you are wondering about how to develop critical skills, make friends with smart people and throw away your ego. A. Actually, it’s about thinking better.
B. Surround yourself with people smarter than you. C. Be someone that people know that they can count on.
D. You should not judge others until you fully understand their situation. E. But what if they turned out to be wrong, or at least not entirely truthful? F. The reason is that understanding does not always go with the right action. G. So what is published in a magazine or online doesn’t mean it’s necessarily true.
第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
I understood Chinese cultures only seen on TV and in books but I made little headway learning Chinese.___21___，it did not matter. The patience, generosity and___22___of strangers left me pleasantly surprised with Beijing.
I___23___needed Chinese. On my birthday, for example, I was___24___in the city. Everyone I knew was out
of town, so I decided to___25___a day of it myself. I went shopping. After three happy hours, I went confidently up to the___26___and for a minute, I___27___everyone spoke English.
But after___28___my items, the woman behind the counter spoke in Chinese, and all I could do was stare___29___. I thought she was asking cash or card, so I pulled out some notes, but she____30____her head. We stood there for a few minutes____31____another cashier said, “A couple of your____32____are part of the sale and cannot be exchanged or____33____once bought.”
Another day, I went to the police station as I had lost my____34____in a foreign land. During that 20minute talk, I realized the eagerness and____35____of people. Speaking in a mix of Chinese and English, the young police officer did all he could to put me____36____. He knew that as foreigners we were nervous at the police station, so he smiled and spoke. In the end, the____37____took a couple of hours and the wallet did not____38____anymore. I had made a friend.
There are many____39____and unforgettable memories of getting by without____40____，but perhaps without the friends’ help, Beijing maynot have been so easy to navigate.
21. A. Lastly B. Thus C. However D. Instead 22. A. warmth B. efforts C. sacrifice D. promise 23. A. totally B. basically C. completely D. rarely 24. A. still B. alone C. only D. even 25. A. do B. need C. make D. cost 26. A. counter B. store C. exit D. hall
27. A. guessed B. recognized C. assumed D. guaranteed 28. A. pursuing B. showing up C. assessing D. ringing up 29. A. helplessly B. poorly C. quickly D. patiently 30. A. waved B. shook C. nodded D. hung 31. A. after B. as C. until D. for
32. A. purchases B. expenses C. supplies D. parcels 33. A. accepted B. canceled C. broken D. returned 34. A. car B. pack C. wallet D. key
35. A. wisdom B. kindness C. excitement D. happiness 36. A. for sure B. in place C. in order D. at ease 37. A. incident B. procedure C. question D. survey
38. A. return B. stay C. change D. matter
39. A. perseverant B. pleasant C. ambitious D. innovative 40. A. Chinese B. police officers C. cellphone D. cashiers 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
Humans have been eager to travel to space to learn more about the universe. They make diverse kinds of____41.____(vehicle) to carry brave people into space to explore the universe. On October 1957, the Sputnik I satellite____42.____(launch) by theUSSRand successfully orbited around the Earth. Afterwards, theUSSRfocused on____43.____(send) people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world____44.____(go) into space. Over eight years later, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon.
Despite the huge successes, exploring the universe can be dangerous and____45.____(challenge). Some astronauts even lost their lives during their missions to the space.____46.____it is risky, people will continue to explore the final frontier.
China’s space programme started____47.____(late) than those ofRussiaand theUS, but it has made rapid progress in a short time.Chinabecame the third country in the world to____48.____(independent) send humans into space in 2003,____49.____Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Since then,Chinahas made_____50._____series of achievements in the field of space technology. It’s hoped that future discoveries will make us understand how the universe began and also help us survive well into the future. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除:把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Terry Fox, is born in 1958, studied physical education in university. At 19, his right leg was fitted with a artificial leg due to bone cancer. In 1980, he decided to run the “Marathon of Hope” across Canada, hoped to let people know about the suffering of cancer patients and to raise money for cancer research. On April 12, he start
his run in Newfoundland. It was a difficult run, and he was very determined and kept running. Soon people were gathering along his route to cheer her on and to give money to his cause. The media began to report on his progresses. Terry had covered 5,373 kilometers before he had to stop because the spread of cancer. He dead in 1981, which great saddened the nation. 第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一个完整的短文。续写的词数150字左右。
We often take for granted the very things that most deserve our gratitude.
Growing up, I wanted to be just like my mom. Kind and caring, she always seemed to make people comfortable in her presence. For years she was a volunteer in our community. I loved going to the local nursing home to help with her until I hit my preteen years. Suddenly, I was too caught up in my adolescent world to worry about helping others.
One particular summer day when I was twelve, Mom came into my room and told me to get up and meet her at the car. I had planned to spend the day at the lake with friends. Why did she have to ruin everything? Eventually, I made my way outside. I imagined the lake water cooling my skin. Annoyed, I climbed into the car and slammed the door shut. I sat in silence, too upset to make a conversation.
“Tasha, would you like to know where we are going?” Mom asked calmly. “I guess…,” I murmured under my breath.
“Sweetheart, we are going to a children’s shelter, I have been there before and I think it would benefit you,” she explained.
I felt a knot slowly form in my stomach. How was I supposed to help there?
When we reached the shelter, I was rather surprised. It was a large white Victorian home. As we approached the large front porch, wind bells played a calming tune while trees and blossoms welcomed us. Maybe this wasn’t going to be so bad.
Mom rang the doorbell. The door flew open and we were led to the front room, where all of the children were playing. Toys were spread out across the floor. I noticed a baby whose body was scarred with wounds. The majority of the children had noticeable physical scars（伤疤）such as cuts, scratches and burns. What a terrible life they had before they moved here! My heart sank.
As
I
was
looking
around,
I
felt
a
gentle
pull
on
my
shirt.________________________________________________________
I returned to the shelter with Mom several times._____________________________ _______________________________
参考答案
1. D 2. A 3. B
4. A 5. B 6. D 7. A
8. C 9. A 10. D 11. D
12. D 13. A 14. D 15. C
16. A 17. E 18. G 19. D 20. B
21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 36. D 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. A
41. vehicles
42. was launched 43. sending
44. to go 45. challenging 46. Though/Although
47. later 48. independently 49. when 50. a
51.(1).删除is (2).a→ an (3). hoped→ hoping或者在hoped前面加上and (4). start→ started
(5). and→ but (6). her →him (7). progresses→ progress (8). because后面增加of (9). dead→ died (10). great→ greatly
52.略
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