__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 掌握本单元重点语法----情态动词，并能熟练应用情态动词相关语法解决相应的语法练习 一、重点语法：情态动词
情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。本单元学习情态动词的用法。 1. may 与might的用法 情态 动词 用法 表示允许、许可。否定答语一般例句 --- May I watch TV after supper? 要用mustn’t，表示“禁止、阻止”--- Yes， you may. / No， you mustn’t. 之意。 may 与 might 在表示请求、允许时， might比 ---Might I use your telephone? may的语气更委婉一些。在日常口语中，用can征询对方意见更为常见。 --- Yes， please. --- May / Can I go home now? --- Yes， you may / can. 表示可能性的推测，含有“或许”What he said may be true. “大概”“可能”之意，用might代替may时，则语气显得更加不肯定。 She may come tomorrow. He might have some fever. 2. can与could的用法 情态 动词 can 与 表示客观的可能性 could 表示请求和允许 用法 表示能力 例句 Some of us can use the computer now， but we couldn’t last year. It will be sunny in the daytime， but it could rain later on this evening. --- Can I go now? --- Yes， you can. 表示请求，口语中常用could代替can，使语气更加婉转 Could you wait a few day for the money? Could you please show me the way to the station? 第1页/共9页
表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句和惊叹句中） 3. will与would的用法 情态 动词 will 与 用法 用于表示意志或意愿。Will指现在，would指过去 表示请求、建议等，用would比用 will委婉、客气些 Can this news be true? It can’t be the headmaster. He’s gone to Beijing. How can you be so foolish! 例句 I will never do that again. They said that they would help us. Will you please take a message for me? Would you please pass him the book? Fish will die without water. Every evening， she would sit by the window， deep in thought. It would be about ten when he left home. I thought he would have told you about that. would 表示习惯性动作，译为“总是”“惯于”。Will指现在，would指过去 表示预料或猜想 用于否定句中，表示“不肯”“不乐意” 4.shall与should的用法 情态 动词 shall 用法 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见 用于第二、第三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁 No matter what I said， he wouldn’t listen to me. 例句 What shall we do next? Shall I do the washing-up? When shall my brother be able to leave hospital? You shall go with me. ( 命令) You shall have a new dress for your birthday.（允诺） He shall be punished.（威胁） 表示劝告或建议，作“应该”We should be strict with ourselves. You should keep your promise. 表示推测，作“可能”、“该”The roads should be less crowded today. 讲 Why / how + should结构表示说话人对谋事不能理解、感到惊异等意思，译为“竟会” I should have finished reading it by Friday. Why should you be so late today? （你今天怎么来的这么晚？） I don’t know why you should think that I did it. （我真不明白你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。） should 讲 5. must， may (might) 和can表示“推测”的用法
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情态 动词 must 用法 只能用于肯定句，表示可能性很大的一种推测，作“肯定”“一定”讲 例句 (1)--- Look， someone is coming. Who can it be? --- It may be the headmaster. ---It can’t be him. He has gone to Shanghai. may /might 用于肯定句中（可能，或许， --- Then it must be Mr. Zhang. He looks like the 大概）；用于否定句中（可能不）。表示可能性较小的一种推测 headmaster. (2)--- What can they be talking about? ----They may / must be talking about the question raised at the meeting. (3)--- Can they have finished the work? --- Yes， they may / must have finished it. --- No， they can’t have finished the work so soon. --- Then they must have played so much. can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句中 6.should与ought to用法
对比点 表劝告、建议 1．表“应该” should ought to “有责任有必要”做某事 You should listen to the doctor’s You ought to finish your work advice. We should learn from Zhang Hua. before you go home. We ought to help each other. “非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该” If we start to work right now， we ought to finish it before lunch. 1）should还可在虚拟语气中的使用 2) 注意：ought to的疑问式及否定式 2．表“估计” They should get home by now. 注： ---Ought he to go? ---Yes， I think he ought to. ---No， he oughtn’t to. 否定式：oughtn’t to do (不说ought to not do)反疑问句：oughtn’t ______? 7.need与dare用法
对比点 need dare He dare not say so. Dare she go out alone at night? How dare you say I’m unfair? 1.情态v.+动词原 He need not (needn’t) go. 形 1）否定式 ---Need we do it again? ---No， you needn’t do it again. 第3页/共9页
2）疑问式 If he dare do that， he’ll be punished. I dare say. (固定用法) 2.实义v.+to do He needs to go. 1）肯定式 2）否定式 3）疑问式 3. did not need to do表示过去没必要做 He doesn’t(does not) need to go. Does he need to do it again? No， he doesn’t need to do it again. He dares to say. He does not (doesn’t) dare to say. If you dare to jump into the water from here， so dare I. She didn’t need to attend the meeting yesterday， and she stayed with her children.(她没有参加) 8. used to与would用法 used to would 1.只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间1.表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况的对比，不一定要有时间状语。 I used to play cards a lot， but now I seldom play. My hometown is not what it used to be. 状语。 I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school. 2.would 后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词 He used to be nervous in the exam. 2. 表示过去的习惯有时可互换： When we were very young， we used to / would go skating every winter. 3. 表示过去的次数时，不能使用： ( √）We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young. ( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young. 注：used to do的否定式：usedn’t to do 或didn’t use to do (usedn’t也可写作usen’t) 疑问式： Did you use to do ? Didn’t you use to do? Used you to do? Usedn’t you to do? 例1.（2019北京卷27.）________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.
A. Can
B. Must C. Shall
D. Should
例2.（2019大纲卷）30. Although you _____ find bargains in London， it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.
A. should B. need C. must 例3.（2019湖南卷）---I’ve prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
---Do you mean we_____ bring anything with us?
A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. shan’t
D. needn't
例4.（2019江苏卷）It was sad to me that they， so poor themselves， bring me food.
D. can
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A. might B. would C. should D. could
例5.（2019江西卷）Life is unpredictable； even the poorest __ become the richest.
A. shall
B. must
C. need
D. might
基础演练
1.（2019陕西卷）My book， The House of Hales， is missing. Who ________ have taken it?
A. need
B. must
C. should
D. could
2.（2019四川卷）I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ______ take me to Disneyland at weekends.
A. might B. must C. would D. should 3.—How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? —It be， but it is now heavily polluted.A. might
B. would
C. should D. must
4.（2019重庆卷）I’ve ordered some pizza ， so we _____ worry about cooking when we get home tired.
A. can’t
B. dare not
C. needn’t
D. may mot
5. Write in simple English in order that everybody ______ understand you.
A. may
B. must
C. should D. will
6. You _______ miss the lecture， though you ______ have it.
A. mustn’t； needn’t needn’t
7. --- Better not have the operation right now. --- ________. A. I mustn’t
B. I shouldn’t
C. I won’t
D. I can’t
B. needn’t； mustn’t
C. mustn’t； mustn’t D. can’t；
8. The train was ten minutes late， so I ______ have run all the way from my house to the station.
A. couldn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. needn’t
D. mustn’t
9. I’m not going simply because I don’t see why I _______.
A. will
B. would
C. should
D. shall
10. --- ______ you make so much noise? --- Sorry， I’ll take care not to. A. Must；
B. Can
C. May
D. Would
巩固提高
一、用适当的情态动词填空
1. There is 20 minutes left. We _______ (not) have to be in such a hurry. 2. Where is my watch? I really can’t find it. Where _____ it be? 3. The doctor told the old man that he ______avoid eating fat. 4. It’s too late. I think he ______ go to bed.
5.______ you mind my troubling you with a few questions? 二、单项选择
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1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can’t
B. mustn’t
C. needn’t
D. may not
2. A computer _____ think for itself， it must be told what to do. A. can’t
B. couldn’t C. may not
D. might not
3. — Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes， of course you _____.
A. might B. will C. can 4. Peter _____ come with us tonight， but he isn’t very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can 5. — Shall I tell John about it?
— No， you _____. I’ve told him already. A. needn’t
B. wouldn’t
C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
D. will D. should
1.—I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. — It _____ Harry's. He always wears green. A. has to be
B. will be
C. mustn't be
D. could be
2. It was sad to me that they， so poor themselves， ________ bring me food. A. might
B. would C. should D. could
3. I’ve ordered some pizza， so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. can’t B. dare not
C. needn’t
D. may not
4. — Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? — I am afraid you _____， in case he comes late for the meeting. A. will
B. must
C. may
D. can
5. Don’t worry about your future. As long as you try your best， a great future ________ wait for you on your way. A. would
B. can
C. must D. should
6. Johnny， you _____ play with the knife， you _____ hurt yourself. A. won’t； can’t
B. mustn’t； may C. shouldn’t； must
D. can’t； shouldn’t
7. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 8. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punished D. not be punished 9. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.
A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed 10. The little girl _____ there alone. A. not dare go
B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go
11. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
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12. — May I stop here? — No， you _____.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t 13. Please open the window， _____? A. can’t you
B. aren’t you C. do you D. will you
14. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing， _____.
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we 15. —Will your brother stay home tonight?
— I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.
A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 一、完型填空
Dad is a liar(说谎者)certainly.
He never tells the truth about anything bad， or anything that he thinks is 1 to me， even though I’ve told him that I don’t 2 hearing these things.
He’s the 3 man I have ever met， who never hurts others， as well as the cruelest man， for he’s always hard on himself. Every time I phoned home from college and asked Dad how his 4 was getting on， he would always reply， “Oh， couldn’t be 5 !” When I asked my mum the same question on the phone， 6 ， she honestly told me every 7 with Dad’s business. I didn’t blame Dad for his 8 . Instead I showed concern for him.
Dad is a miser(吝啬鬼)， undoubtedly.
I hardly see Dad wear 9 clothes. In fact， his closet(衣橱)is half empty. Even in this half， two-thirds is occupied by Mum’s clothes and the other one-third belongs to him. I 10 him to buy some new clothes， 11 he simply shook his head， “The old clothes are still good enough.” Were they? I saw holes in them!
It tore my heart up when I saw Dad cough terribly with his hand covering his 12 .When the pains became very serious， he 13 took some medicine.
So it surprised 14 when the day came that Dad got sick. He was lying in bed， and all the family gathered around him. I knelt by his bedside， tears filling my eyes.
Dear Dad， you’ve been pushing yourself too hard， which you should not have. I know I might as well 15 a river to flow backward as hope to talk you out of working so hard. But I still want to say， “Dad， take better care of yourself!” 1. A. interesting 2. A. mind
B. good
C. bad
D. valuable D. allow D. kindest D. treatment
B. mean C. enjoy
3. A. cleverest B. strongest C. biggest 4. A. health B. business C. experiment
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5. A. better B. harder C. easier 6. A. meanwhile B. anyway C. however 7. A .change B. difference C. decision 8. A. belief B. opinion C. lies 9. A. cheap B. new C. clean 10. A. begged
B. ordered C. excited
D. healthier D. therefore D. problem D. excuses D. casual D. helped D. although D. mouth D. seldom D. nobody D. cause
11. A. so B. but C. since 12.A. head B. ear C. eyes 13.A. still B. even C. only 14.A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody 15.A. beg B. allow C. expect 二、阅读理解
In October on the east coast of Australia migrating(迁徙)humpback whales(座头鲸)pass very close to the shore. With the help of Max Egan， we went to film them near Byron Bay. It was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs(水柱)of spray on the horizon. When migrating， the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes， but with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. As the whales break the surface like submarines(潜水艇)， the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails. Then， with a powerful down stroke， they dive back into the depths of the sea， leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or “footprint” on the surface to show where they had been.
One day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales， but the horizon was deserted. There was no report of whales in the area so we decided to test out Max's new， highly sensitive hydrophone(水中听音器)and the result was astonishing. As soon as the hydrophone was in the water， we found ourselves listening to the most beautiful voices. What may have seemed like a vast empty ocean was filled with the singing of whales.
It is the males which sing， as they migrate between feeding and breeding(养育)grounds. No one knows for sure what the purpose of these songs is， whether they are love songs to the females or warnings to other males to stay away.
It was thought that each population of humpbacks had its own song which remained regular but recent findings suggest that the whales appreciate a memorable tune(曲调)and quickly adopt any new songs they hear.
1. Which finding about whales is beyond the writer's expectation? A. The little puffs. B. The songs of whales. C. The traveling speed of whales. D. The depth of the whale's dive. 2. What do we know about Max?
A. He likes whales very much. B. He is a brave scientist on whales.
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C. He is an experienced man in finding whales. D. He is an expert in making hydrophones.
3. The writer's main purpose of looking for whales is______. A. carrying out research on whales B. studying the beautiful songs of whales
C. making films about whales D. hunting whales for research
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