最新英语国际音标表(48个)
元音(20个)
长元音 /ɑ:/ 啊(长音) 短元音 /ʌ/ 阿 /eɪ/ 和拼音的“ei”一样 双元音 /ɪə/ 一而 /əU/ 欧 /ɔ:/ /ə:/ /i:/ 一(长音) /ɪ/ 一 /U:/ 屋(长音) /U:/ 屋 /e/ 挨 /æ/ 挨 奥(长音) 额(长音) /ɔ/ 奥 /aɪ/ 挨 /eə/ 挨而 /aU/ 袄 /ə/ 额 /ɔɪ/ 外 /Uə/ 勿而 辅音(28个)
轻辅音 /p/ 颇 /t/ 特 /k/ 克 /f/ 佛 /θ/ 四(咬舌音) /ð/ 字(咬舌音) /tr/ 缺 /s/ 四 浊辅音 /b/ 伯 /d/ 得 /g/ 个 /v/ 勿 /z/ 自 轻辅音 浊辅音 鼻音 /ʃ/ 是 /ʒ/ 日 /m/ 呣 /h/ 和 /r/ 若 /n/ 呢 / w/ 我 /ts/ 差(ci) /tʃ/ 迟 /dʒ/ 之 /dz/ 资 /dr/ /ŋ/ 半元音 /j/ 也 边音 /ǀ/ 了
英语音标及字母组合对照
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母 在开音节中 a 在闭音节中 在开音节中 e 在闭音节中 在开音节中 i 在闭音节中 在开音节中 o 在闭音节中 在开音节中 u 在闭音节中 读 音 [ei] [æ] [i:] [e] [ai] [i] [ou] [] [ju:] [] 例 词 name plane Jane baby cake bag dad hat map black back he these me Chinese bed let pen desk yes egg bike fly drive time nice kite fish big drink sit milk swim those close go hoe home no clock not box shop sock student excuse duty Tuesday bus cup jump much lunch 编 号 1-01 1-02 1-03 1-04 1-05 1-06 1-07 1-08 1-09 1-10 在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 1-11
二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母 a 读 音 [] [i] [] [i] []/[i] [ai] [] [u] [] [ju:] 例 词 China another woman breakfast orange comrade village cabbage hundred student open weekend chicken pocket begin children holiday beautiful family animal exercise satellite second tonight somebody welcome also zero photo autumn diffcult popular congratulation January 编 号 2-01 2-02 2-03 2-04 2-05 2-06 2-07 2-08 2-09 2-10 2-11 2-12 e i o u 1 动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operate 2 u处在开音节位置, 又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[]音,也可以读作[i]音。
三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母 a在[w]音后面 a在f n sk ph sp ss st th前 i在-nd -ld和gh前 o在-st -ld前 o在m n v th前
读 音 [] [α:] [ai] [ou] [] 例 词 want what watch wash quality after plant graph ask grasp glass fast father find child light high most postcard old cold come monkey love mother 编 号 3-01 3-02 3-03 3-04 3-05
四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 ar ar在[w]音后面 or or在[w]音后面 er ir ur 读 音 [α:] [:] [:] [:] [:] 例 词 car farm dark sharpener warm quarter towards forty morning short word worker worse certainly bird Thursday 编 号 4-01 4-02 4-03 4-04 4-05 4-06 4-07 辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry -r音节在非重读音节中通常读[]音,例如:dollar teacher martyr forget Saturday
五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 are ere ire ore ure 读 音 [ε] care dare hare here mere fire hire wire more score before pure cure 例 词 编 号 5-01 5-02 5-03 5-04 5-05 5-06 [i] [ai] [:] [ju] are ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[]音,例如:picture pleasure 重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph
5-07 5-08
六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音
元音字组 ai/ay air al al在f m前 au/aw 读 音 [ei] [ε] 例 词 afraid rain wait day play air hair chair pair repair small ball talk wall all always also salt almost half calm autumn daughter draw teach easy cheap please heavy bread sweater weather break great hear dear near clear year bear pear wear swear earth learn early jeep week green three pioneer deer beer eight neighbour they either key new few newspaper flew brew jewelry piece field receive coat Joan boat goal roar board door floor noise point boy toilet broom food tooth school book look cook foot good flower house count down know row throw though young country enough group you soup 编 号 6-01 6-02 6-03 6-04 6-05 6-06 6-07 6-08 6-09 6-10 6-11 6-12 6-13 6-14 6-15 6-16 6-17 6-18 6-19 6-20 6-21 6-22 6-23 6-24 6-25 6-26 6-27 6-28 [] [:l] [α:] [:] [i:] ea [e] [ei] [i] ear [ε] [:] ee eer ei/ey eu/ew在 j l r s后 ie/ei[s]音之后 oa oar/oor oi/oy oo [i:] [i] [ei] [i:] [ju:] [u:] [i:] [ou] [:] [i] [u:] [u] [au] ou/ow [ou] [] [u:] [:] our [au] [:] ui 在j l r s后
[ju:i] [u:] course your four our hour ours journey fluid suicide tuition juice fruit suit 6-29 6-30 6-31 6-32 6-33 七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音
元音字组或字群 ai/ay ei/ey ow 读 音 [i] [ou] 例 词 Sunday foreign monkey yellow sparrow tomorrow 编 号 7-01 7-02 元音字组在非重读音节中读[]音或[i]。例如:neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee 7-03 -sion -tion -sion在元音字母后 -tion在s后 -sten -stle -sure -ture
八、元字组在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。 例如: everyday[ei] handbag[æ] blackboard[:] 有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。 例如: sun太阳 + day[ei]日子 > Sunday[i] 星期天 holy神圣 + day[ei]日子 > holiday[i] 假日 break中断 + fast[α:]斋戒 > breakfast[] 早餐 cup茶杯 + board木板[:] > cupboard[] 碗柜
8-02 8-01 [[n] [n] impression nation vision decision occasion 7-04 7-05 7-06 7-07 7-08 7-09 7-10 n] question suggestion [sn] [sl] [] ] listen whistle pleasure measure picture culture [
九、辅字组的读音
辅字组 b c c在e前或在i/y前 读 音 [b] [/] [k] [s] [] ch [-ck d -dge dr- f g g在e i/y前 gh gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 h j k kn- l m -mn n n在[k] [g]音前 [k] ] [k] [d] [] [dr] [f] bike bus bag bomb tomb cake picture coat music face decide cinema much chick rich teacher school headache chemistry machine Chicago cock pocket black knock doctor bread hand day bridge fridge children driver drink five four breakfast 例 词 编 号 9-01 9-02 9-03 9-04 9-05 9-06 9-07 9-08 9-09 9-10 9-11 9-12 9-13 9-14 9-15 9-16 9-17 9-18 9-19 9-20 9-21 9-22 9-23 9-24 9-25 9-26 9-27 9-28 [] bag gardon go [] [f] [/] [] [w] [h] [/] [] [k] [n] [l] [m] [m] [n] [] orange large German cough enough light daughter high guess league dialogue language anguish hot head house hand hour honest jeep jar joke join July kind bike skate make week knife know knock life milk school tall monkey come autumn autumn column solemn not shine ten note uncle thank hungry -ng p ph q qu- r s在词首或清辅音前 元音字母间或浊辅音前 sc- sh t在通常情况下 在弱读字母ia ie io前 tch th在通常情况下 在冠词 代词 介词 连词中 在词尾-the -ther中 tr- v w wh- wh-在字母o前 x 在重读元音前 wr- y- z
十、英语语音名词解释
[] [p] [f] [k] [kw] [r] [s] [z] [sk] [s] [] [t] [] [] [θ] [] [] [tr] [v] [w] [/] [w] [h] [ks] [gz] [r] [j] [z] morning young wrong paper plane pig ship pen elephant photo telephone Iraq quality quite red rubber ruler sit sleep desk music husband scarlet muscle science she fish shirt wash ten letter meet patient nation watch thin thirty method the these with than clothe father weather tree train country truck very voice love leave week win wake sweet wait answer two what when white why who whose whole box text exercise examle exist exact write yes yard yellow young puzzle zero zoo 9-29 9-30 9-31 9-32 9-33 9-34 9-35 9-36 9-37 9-38 9-39 9-40 9-41 9-42 9-43 9-44 9-45 9-46 9-47 9-48 9-49 9-50 9-51 9-52 9-53 9-54 9-55 9-56 1.音节 以元音为主体构成的发音单位,一般说来元音发音响亮,可以构成音节,辅音发音不响亮,不能单独构成音节([m] [n] [] [l]例外)。从单词拼写形式上看,0-01 有几个元字组就有几个音节。 2.音节的划分 ①在两个音节的相邻处有两个辅字组时,一个辅字组属于前面的音节,一个属于后面的音节。 例如:let-ter mem-ber chil-dren daugh-ter ②在两个音节的相邻处只有一个辅字组时,如果前面音节里的元音是长音则辅字组属于后面一个音节,如果前面一个音节里的元音是短音,则辅字组属于前面一个音节。 例如:长音 pa-per stu-dent fa-ther ze-ro mo-tor far-ther 短音 sev-en stud-y moth-er ver-y mod-le weath-er 3.重读音节 单词中读音特别响亮的音节。用音标标记双音节、多音节词的读音时,应使用重读符号。单音节词多数是重读音节,标记读音时不需要使用重读符号。 4.开音节 ①绝对开音节:单个元音字母后面没有辅字组的重读音节。例如:no blue ba-by stu-dent se-cret. ②相对开音节:单个元音字母后面加单个辅音字母,再加一个不发音字母e构成的重读音节。例如:name these bike home ex-cuse. 5.闭音节 单个元音字母后面有辅字组(r w y 除外)且以辅字组结尾的重读音节。例如:bag egg fish not cup 6.双音节词重读规则 双音节词的第一个音节通常是重读音节。 例如:´stu-dent ´Chi-na ´sec-ond ´au-tumn in-´deed 含有a- be- de- re- in- ex- 等前缀的双音节词往往是在第二个音节上重读。双0-06 0-05 0-04 0-03 0-02 音节词的重读位置不会因增加前缀或后缀而发生改变。例如: a´bout be´fore ex´cuse re´pair for-´get-ful in-´ven-tor 7.多音节词重读规则 多音节词通常在倒数第三个音节重读。 例如:´el-e-phant con-grat-u-´la-tion 词尾有-ic或-tion,-sion的词,在-ic或-sion,-tion前的一个音节上重读。例如:0-07 scien´tific im´pression ´nation 结束
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