1) 表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never。频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。
例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。
I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2)表示现在的状态。
例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 这男孩十二岁。 3)表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。
例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。 My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 4)表示客观真理，客观存在，自然现象。
例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
5)表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。
例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回来。
6)在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。
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在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即常在动词原形后加-s或-es。那么哪些是第三人称单数呢？ 一、 人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。He likes watching TV.
二、 单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。Beijing is in China. 三、 单数可数名词或\"this / that / the+单数可数名词\"作主语时，是第三人称单数。
A horse is a useful animal. This book is yours.
四、 不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词
this, that作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： ①Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。
②There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 五、 不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如：
①The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。 六、 当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如：
①\"6\" is a lucky number. \"6\"是个吉利数字。
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同 1、大多数动词在词尾加“S” -s在清辅音后读／s／，在浊辅音或元音后读／z／，ds读／dz／，ts读／ts／。如：
help→helps／helps／，know→knows／nEuz／，get→gets／gets／，read→reads／ri:dz／ stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]；say—says[z] eats drinks sleeps sees looks hears walk talk reads writes
2、以字母s，x，ch，sh结尾的加-es读／iz／或有些以o结尾的动词加-es读/z/如： guess→guesses／'gAsiz／，fix→fixes／'fiksiz／，teach→teaches／'ti:tFiz／，wash→washes／'wRFiz／ 注意：go→goes／gEuz／，do→does／dʌz／
kisses misses fixes dresses stresses presses expresses impresses brushes pushes flashes watches matches
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3、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 元音字母不变，直接加s，如：fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z] study－studies [z]; worry－worries
stay pay play buy say enjoy destroy display spray slay marry—marries hurry—hurries try--tries dry—dries cry—cries bury--buries
让学生分辨：play→plays／pleiz／，say→says／sez／
4、特殊词例外。如： be→is，have→has
注意：1、do [du:]－does [dz] 2、say [sei]－says [sez]
2、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母
“e”发音，与所加“s”，一起读做[iz]。 如：close－closes [iz 引申一下 名词复数的规则变化
规则变化
只有可数名词才有单数和复数两种形式。
一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。 例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
例：bus→buses; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes ；box →boxes; watch →watches; actress →actresses; class →classes; coach（长途车） →coaches; dress →dresses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes; waitress（女侍者） →waitresses
三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。
例：candy→candies; daisy（雏菊）→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; cherry →cherries; activity →activities ,country—countries,fly—flies. 区别: 元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数【元音字母有
a,e,o,u,i】
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays boy---boys key---keys
四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写词，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 （有生命
的加es，无生命的加s）
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口诀：黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿
negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes
反例：radio—radios， piano→pianos（外来词）; photo→photos; zoo- zoos，bamboo-bamboos，kimono--kimonos
五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves， 例knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; scarf（围巾）→scarves
树叶半数自己黄，妻子拿刀去杀牛；架后窜出一只狼，就像小偷逃命忙。 解释：leaf（树叶）half（一半）self（自己）wife（妻子） knife（刀子）calf （小牛）shelf
（架子）wolf（狼）thief（小偷）life（生命） 但是，也有例外。海湾农奴信酋长，悬崖证据上顶房。 在这些词中，由单数变复数时，直接在词尾加-s构成，即：海湾（gulf - gulfs）农奴（serf - serfs）信（belief -beliefs）酋长（chief - chiefs），悬崖（cliff -cliffs）证据（proof - proofs）上顶房（即房顶、屋顶 roof - roofs）
部分单词的单复数同形 口诀： 中日警察好友来聚会，鹿、羊、鱼、牛齐齐把家回。
解释：Chinese, Japanese ,police，people， deer, sheep, fish ，cattle
但除人民币的元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如：a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
在英语名词复数中，表示（某）国人的名词复数有些加S,有些又不加，学生常常会出错。这里有一条顺口溜就能帮助学生解决这一问题。它是：“中日瑞不变，英法都要变，其他国人加S。如Chinese--Chinese, Japanese--Japanese,
Swiss--Swiss Englishman--Englishmen, American--Americans German--Germans. 极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。
口诀：男士、女士a变e； 鹅牙脚双o变双e; 孩子们想去天安门， 原形后面r、 e 、n; 老鼠虱子本爱牛， mouse, louse和ox.
解释：goose-geese; mouse-mice; foot-feet. man-men; woman-women; tooth-teeth;foot-feet，child-children，louse-lice，ox-oxen
另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例clothes;; shoes (鞋子)、sunglasses (太阳镜)、shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears大剪刀 trousers长裤; wages工资
一、 一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, month…), on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他;
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若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,
如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；
用助动词do提问，
如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words..
二、现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：Now, at this time, these days, this week，this month at the moment，right now 等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用Can't you see?look，listen（常用于句子的开头，表示提醒听者注意正在发生的事情） 3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他she is doing her homework. 4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他she isn’t doing her homework. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。 .例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons.
Is she doing her homework?Yes,she is .No,she isn’t.
加ing的变化规则 变化规则 规则 一般在动词原形末尾加-ing 以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加-ing 原形 wash read make -ing形式 Washing reading Making taking giving Coming run swim Running planning Swimming preferring 注：die的-ing形式为dying，lie的-ing形式为lying，picnic的-ing形式为picnicking 5
cut-cutting sit-sitting permit-permitting stop-stopping
drop-dropping dig-digging win-winning run-running put-putting begin-beginning get-getting admit-admitting
规律：重读闭音节结尾 ,以辅音字母加一个元音字母结尾 ,双写这个辅音字母 ,再加ing
常用的有：now，this week，at the moment，right now 等；或者告诉你一个准确的现在时间，或者用look，listen（常用于句子的开头，表示提醒听者注意正在发生的事情）。例如：
◇They are playing basketball now.现在，他们正在打篮球。 ◇Listen， She is singing an English song.听她正在唱英文歌。
◇Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图。那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
◇We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。 ◇It's 6:30 now. I am getting up.现在是6：30，我正在起床。
表示位置转移的动词（如go,come,leave,start,arrive,return,send,move,travel,fly等）和其它几个动作动词（如do,begin,work,spend,play,stay,happen, finish,join,eat,die,meet等）常与现在进行时和表示将来的时间状语连用,表示在最近将要发生某事.这些事是事先安排好的.例如：
The Browns are coming to dinner tomorrow.明天布朗夫妇要来吃晚饭. What are you doing tomorrow?明天你做什么?
The train is arriving at nine o’clock.火车将在九点钟到.
一些动词一般在句中不能用现在进行时态，而应用一般现在时。这些动词往往是表示情感状态、知觉认识、愿望或短暂性的动词。例如：know，understand，love，like，hate，wish，want，think，hope，have，believe，agree，hear，see，notice，等等。
些表示状态和感觉的动词，一般不用进行时态，而是用一般现在时表示。例如：◇I hear someone singing.我正听见有人唱歌。
◇Do you see anyone over there?你看到那里有什么人吗？ ◇What does he think of it?他觉得这怎么样？
如果这些词使用正在进行时态，句子带有某种感情色彩。例如：
◇Are you seeing someone off?你在给谁送行吗？
◇They are hearing an English talk.他们在听一个英语报告。 Look,that boy is crying.听（看）那个男孩正在哭泣。
三、 一般过去时
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1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, yesterday（morning,afternoon,evening） the day before yesterday, last(week ,year, night, month,winter,sunday…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, (long long,a moment,a short time,an hour ) ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式 4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;
在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；
用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
.例句：She came to help us yesterday. I didn't know you were so busy. 变化规则：
1、 一般加-ed worked,looked,played
2、 以不发音的e结尾的，加-d,lived,used,hoped
3、 以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i,再加-ed,studied,flied,tried 4、 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母, 双写最后的辅音字母
+ed,stopped planned fitted planned fitted preferred referred 注意，这个和现在进行时双写变化规则有区别，一般过去式有规则和不规则变化，现在进行时则没有
不规则: have/has---had is----was are---were(详见:不规则动词形态表)
一般过去时的基本用法
① 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 He suddenly fell ill last night. 他昨晚突然病倒了。
②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作。
She went to the cinema once a month when she was at school. 她上学时每个月去看一场电影。
When I was in the countryside, I often walked by the riverside. 我在乡下时经常在河边散步。
一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often经常，
always总是，once a week一周一次，等表示频度的时间状语连用。 ③叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。
She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk. 她早早起床，提水，打扫房间然后出去散步。
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课堂练习题：
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空：
1. He________ TV every evening. (watch) 2. We always ________ to school on foot. (go)
3. Tom, with his classmates, often ______ football after school. (play) 4. Your shoes _______ under the bed. (be)
5. ______ here and ______ by me. (come, stand) 6. His uncle usually _________ to work by bus. (go) 7. I always ______ up at six in the morning.(get) 8. John ________ like his father. (look) 二、完成句子
1．该吃晚饭了。It’s time to ________ ________.
2．你想来点儿面包吗?Would you ________ some ________ ?
3．安娜太小，还不能上学。Ann is ________ young ________ go to school. 4．约翰跑得和我一样快。John ____ as fast as me. 5．布莱克太太经常在英语上帮助我们。Mrs. black often ________ us ________ our English .
三、动词的适当形式填空
Jim’s father (work) in a bank. He (go) to work by bus every morning, sometimes he (ride) his bike. But he (be) never late for work. He (work) very hard.Jim (like) his father very much. They often （play） badminton（羽毛球）in front of their house, sometimes they (play) table tennis in Jim’s school.Jim (like) to talk with his father. His father (like) to hear Jim talking about his friends and his school. On Saturday or Sunday, they often (play) on the computer. Jim (have) many computer games. But he doesn’t (play) them every day. He also (work) hard at his lessons. 四、用动词的正确时态填空
1）I________(talk).You________(listen)tO me now. 2）Look,the boy__________(run)fast. 3）----What are you doing?
----I_________(do) my homework.
4）----_______the students_______(read) English. ----Yes,they are.
5）Tom_______(not study)English.He is studying Chinese. 6）----Who_______(sing)a song? ----Li Ying is.
7）The girl_______(not eat)bananas now. 8）----Where____they____(stand)? ----They are standing over there.
9）Look! The boy over there_______(ply) a model plane. 10）----What is Meimei doing now?
----She______(watch)TV with her parents 11）He____(study) English very hard.
12）We often____(buy)books and things like that in the shop.
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13）Polly____(not eat) a banana now .
五、请用正确动词形式填空
1. He (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
3. We (have) a party last Halloween hæləʊ
夕.
ˈi:n万圣节前
5. I (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival. 8. The girls (not dance) at the party last night. 9. I (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.
10. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival? 11. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______. 12. Gao Shan _______ (put) up the picture last night.
13. 14. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? 15. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
16. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night. 17. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.
18. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term? 19. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
20. ______ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
21. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book. 22. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 23. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
24. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year.
26. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.
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现在进行时
答案：1、am；talking；are listening；2、are running；3、am doing；4、Are；reading；5、is not studying；6、is singing；7、isn‘t eating；8、Are standing；9、is plying；10、is watching；11、studies；12、buy；13、is not eating.
写出下列动词的各种形式
一般现在式 go do
play finish swim run tell come get have fly win lie be begin buy can come eat find
现在进行式 10
一般过去 know catch spend speak
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