绝密★本科目考试启用前
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（北京卷）
英 语
注意事项：
1．答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2．选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3．非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
4．考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
本试卷共16页，120分。考试时长120分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 1．（15分）
A
On the first day of my first grade， I stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach． I （1） （voice） my biggest concern to my mother， \"How will I make friends？\" She handed me advice， \"Be yourself．\" For the past 20 years， I have lived by these words． Soon I will graduate and become part of the real world． Nervously（2） （face） challenges， I know I will whisper to（3） （I） the two simple words \"Be yourself\"．
B
Earth Day，（4） （mark） on 22 April， is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environmental protection． First celebrated（5） 1970， the Day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions（地区）． No matter what you like to do， there is a way to get involved in various（6） （activity） on Earth Day． You can plant a tree， make a meal with locally grown vegetables， or save power﹣the possibilities are endless．
C
Does the name of the college you attend really matter？ Research on the question （7）
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（suggest） that， for most students， it doesn't． What students do at college seems to matter much more than（8） they go． The students benefitting most from college are those（9） are totally engaged （参与） in academic life， taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources（资源）． Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend， and it's never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and（10） （meaning） college experience． 第二节 完形填空 （每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选岀最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2．（30分）Regardless of the weather or the distance， Paul Wilson will make sure low﹣income students in his neighborhood arrive at their college classes on time．
A retired engineer， 76﹣year﹣old Wilson has been（1） free rides to college students for the past eight years． Since he first started（2） his car to the young people， Wilson has（3） an astonishing 64，000 miles， and has had countless pleasant and often humorous （4） with the students he transports to and from school．The students who he's （5） have gone on to become physicians， teachers and engineers， but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson． Some students （6） call him \"Grandpa\"．
Tina Stern（7） rides from Wilson for all her four years in college， and the trips meant much more to her than just free （8） ． \"It's not just a ride；you're not just sitting there in（9） silence or with your headphones on，\" Stern said． \"He asks you questions and actually （10） the answers， so the next time you ride with him， he'll（11） those things．\"
Wilson first worked as a driver through a student﹣support programme of the non﹣profit organisation， On Point for College． Although the（12） asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes， Wilson often goes （13） to ensure the welfare and safety of the students． If they have problems with registration． Wilson is there to（14） them． If they run out of certain daily necessities， Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed． If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school， Wilson never （15） to buy them a meal．
For many students， Wilson's help is not only appreciated， it's also entirely（16）
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for them to be able to complete their college education． Some students don't have a reliable car， while others have to（17） vehicles with parents who work six days a week． For them， riding with Wilson has（18） them to complete their education﹣but according to Wilson， he benefits just as much from the（19） ．\"I just love driving， and I love these kids，\" Wilson said． \"It's such a（n） （20） to be a part of these kids' lives， even just for a few hours， getting to know them and hearing their stories．\" （1）A． linking （2）A． donating （3）A． paved （4）A． arguments （5）A． met （6）A． even （7）A． earned （8）A． transportation （9）A． forced （10）A． selects （11）A． act on （12）A． club （13）A． far （14）A． assist （15）A． expects （16）A． extra （17）A． share （18）A． required （19）A． experience （20）A． effort
B． sending B． lending B． covered B． interviews B． driven B． ever B． received B． style B． awkward B． recites B． settle on B． league B． around B． watch B． attempts B． unusual B． fuel B． allowed B． arrangement B． ambition
C． offering C． delivering C． measured C． negotiations C． addressed C． once C． assessed C． time C． ridiculous C． guesses C． check on C． college C． beyond C． urge C． manages C． necessary C． repair C． reminded C． appreciation C． privilege
D． distributing D． volunteering D． wandered D． conversations D． greeted D． already D． demanded D． communication D． suspicious D． remembers D． agree on D． programme D． forwards D． warn D． hesitates D． adequate D． exchange D． convinced D． employment D． convenience
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的
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A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
3．（6分）Want to explore new cultures， meet new people and do something worthwhile at the same time？ You can do all the three with Global Development Association （GDA）． Whatever stage of life you're at，wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA， you'll create positive changes in a poor and remote community （社区）．
We work with volunteers of all ages and backgrounds． Most of our volunteers are aged 17﹣24． Now we need volunteer managers aged 25﹣75． They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes． We have such roles as project managers， mountain leaders， and communication officers．
Depending on which role you choose， you could help to increase a community's access to safe drinking water， or help to protect valuable local cultures． You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers．
Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness． You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends．
This summer we have both 4﹣week and 7﹣week programmes：
Country Schedule 4﹣week programmes 7﹣week programmes Algeria 5 Jul．﹣1 Aug． 20 Jun．﹣7 Aug． Egypt 24 Jul．﹣20 Aug． 19 Jun．﹣6 Aug． Kenya 20 Jul．﹣16 Aug． 18 Jun．﹣5 Aug． South Africa 2 Jul．﹣29 Aug． 15 Jun．﹣2 Aug． GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed． All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote
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communities．
There is no other chance like a GDA programme． Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities． Find out more about joining a GDA programme： Website： www．glodeve．org Email： humanresources@glodeve．org
（1）What is the main responsibility of volunteer managers？ A．To seek local partners． B．To take in young volunteers． C．To carry out programmes． D．To foster cultural awareness．
（2）The programme beginning in August will operate in ． A． Egypt B． Algeria C． Kenya D． South Africa
（3）The shared goal of GDA's projects is to ． A． explore new cultures B． protect the environment C． gain corporate benefits D． help communities in need
4．（8分）Alice Moore is a teenager entrepreneur （创业者）， who in May 2015 set up her business AilieCandy． By the time she was 13， her company was worth millions of dollars with the invention of a super﹣sweet treat that could save kids' teeth， instead of destroying them．
It all began when Moore visited a bank with her dad． On the outing， she was offered a candy bar． However， her dad reminded her that sugary treats were bad for her teeth． But Moore was sick of missing out on candies． So she desired to get round the warning， \"Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it？\"
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With that in mind， Moore asked her dad if she could start her own candy company． He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain．
With her dad's permission， she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth﹣friendly． She also approached dentists to learn more about teeth cleaning． Consequently， she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners， which can reduce oral bacteria．
Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground． Afterwards， she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner， who finally agreed to sell Moore's product﹣CanCandy．
As CanCandy's success grows， so does Moore's credibility as a young entrepreneur． Moore is enthusiastic about the candy she created， and she's also positive about what the future might bring． She hopes that every kid can have a clean mouth and a broad smile．
Meanwhile， with her parents' help， Moore is generally able to live a normal teenage life． Although she founded her company early on ill life， she wasn't driven primarily by profit． Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles． She donates 10% of AilieCandy's profits to Big Smiles． With her talent and determination， it appears that the sky could be the limit for Alice Moore．
（1）How did Moore react to her dad's warning？ A．She argued with him． B．She tried to find a way out． C．She paid no attention． D．She chose to consult dentists．
（2）What is special about CanCandy？ A．It is beneficial to dental health． B．It is free of sweeteners． C．It is sweeter than other candies． D．It is produced to a dentists' recipe．
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（3）What does Moore expect from her business？ A．To earn more money． B．To help other find smiles． C．To make herself stand out． D．To beat other candy companies．
（4）What can we learn from Alice Moore's story？ A．Fame is a great thirst of the young． B．A youth is to be regarded with respect． C．Positive thinking and action result in success． D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied．
5．（8分）The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know． By next year， half of the calls we receive will be scams（欺诈）．We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools， apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through． Unfortunately， it's too little， too late． By the time these \"solutions\"（解决方案） become widely available， scammers will have moved onto cleverer means． In the near future． it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt． Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real．
That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation （处理），and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use． At this year's I/O Conference， a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human﹣sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection．
These developments are likely to make our current problem with robocalls much worse． The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision． A decade of data breaches （数据入侵） of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name， and far more． Armed with this knowledge， they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people． This means for example， that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's， tricking you into \"confirming\"
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your address， mother's name， and card number． Scammers follow money， so companies will be the worst hit． A lot of business is still done over the phone， and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships． Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually． We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks． Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real． That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images，showing when and who they were made by，or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data﹣based communications﹣using like FaceTime or WhatsApp，which can he tied to your identity．
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose， and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out．
（1）How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls？ A．Panicked． B．Confused． C．Embarrassed． D．Disappointed．
（2）Taking advantage of the new technologies， scammers can ． A．aim at victims precisely B．damage databases easily C．start campaigns rapidly D．spread information widely
（3）What does the passage imply？ A．Honesty is the best policy．
B．Technologies can be double﹣edged． C．There are more solutions than problems． D．Credibility holds the key to development．
（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？ A．Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted B．Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
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C．Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous D．How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
6．（8分）By the end of the century， if not sooner， the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate， according to a new study．
At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms （海洋微生物）called phytoplankton． Because of the way light reflects off the organisms， these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface． Ocean colour varies from green to blue， depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton． Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas， while reducing it in other spots， leading to changes in the ocean's appearance．
Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface， where they pull carbon dioxide （二氧化碳）into the ocean while giving off oxygen． When these organisms die， they bury carbon in the deep ocean， an important process that helps to regulate the global climate． But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend． Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth， since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow， but also nutrients．
Stephanie Dutkiewicz， a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science， built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century． In a world that warms up by 3℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur． The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer． But in some waters， such as those of the Arctic， a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton， and these areas will turn greener． \"Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing，\" she said， \"but the type of phytoplankton is changing．\"
And why does that matter？ Phytoplankton are the base of the food web． If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean， Dutkiewicz said， \"it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive．\"Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain．
Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable， but they could mean significant changes． \"It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change，\"
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Dutkiewicz said， \"but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet．\"
（1）What are the first two paragraphs mainly about？ A．The various patterns at the ocean surface． B．The cause of the changes in ocean colour． C．The way light reflects off marine organisms． D．The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton．
（2）What does the underlined word \"vulnerable\" in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A．Sensitive． B．Beneficial． C．Significant． D．Unnoticeable．
（3）What can we learn from the passage？
A．Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem． B．Dutkiewicz's model aims to project phytoplankton changes． C．Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate． D．Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener． （4）What is the main purpose of the passage？ A．To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes． B．To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain． C．To explain the effects of climate change on oceans． D．To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton．
第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
7．（10分）Much of the work in today's world is accomplished （完成）in teams． Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals． （1） Companies spend millions hiring top business people． Is their money well spent？
（2） They focused on football， basketball and baseball． The results are
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mixed． For football and basketball， adding talented players to a team proves a good method， but only up to the point where 70% of the players are top talent； above that level， the team's performance begins to decline． Interestingly， this trend isn't evident in baseball， where additional individual talent keeps improving the team's performance．
To explain tins phenomenon， the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team requires its members to coordinate （协调）their actions． （3） In baseball， the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates． They conclude that when task interdependence is high， team performance will suffer when there is too much talent， while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower． If a basketball star is，for example， trying to gain a high personal point total， he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate， affecting the team's performance． Young children learning to play team sports are often told， \"There is no I in TEAM．\" （4） Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team， some players may make less effort．Just as in a game of tug﹣of﹣war （拔河比赛），whenever a person is added， everyone else pulls the rope with less force．
（5） An A﹣team may require a balance﹣not just A players， but a few generous B players as well．
A．It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent． B．Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent． C．The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention． D．Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship． E．Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world． F．Building up a dream team is more complex than smiply hiring the best talent． G．This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball． 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）
8．（15分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．你的英国好友Jim打算暑假期间来北京、天津和上海旅游，发来邮件询问相关信息．请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1． 交通出行；
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2． 必备衣物．
注意：1． 词数不少于50；
2． 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数． Dear Jim，
Yours， Li Hua
第二节（20分）
9．（20分）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华．你们班上周组织了一次以\"劳动最光荣\"为主题的社会实践活动．请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程． 注意：词数不少于60． 提示词：西瓜 watermelon
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2019年北京市高考英语答案解析
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）第一节 语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
1．【分析】A段文章讲的是我上小学的第一天，我担忧不知道如何交朋友，妈妈告诉我\"做自己\"．现在马上毕业进入社会去面对真正的挑战，我仍然记得妈妈的话，\"做自己\"． B段文章讲的是地球日的宗旨，起源，发展以及各种各样的参与方式．
C短文章讲的是大学的名字是否重要．研究表明，大学名字不重要，重要的是在大学做什么．如果你在大学积极上课，充分利用学校提供的各种机会和资源，那么你将获益．因此，提前为健康，有意义的大学生活做准备是很有必要的．
【解答】1．voiced．考查谓语动词．voice做动词时意思是\"表达\"，因为是讲述一年级的事情，所以用一般过去时，故用voiced．
2．facing．考查非谓语动词．根据分析，后半部分为主句，包含谓语动词know，所以横线处用非谓语动词．face作动词，意思是\"面对\"，和逻辑主语I构成逻辑关系，故用facing． 3．myself．考查反身代词．根据句意可知此处用myself，我自己．whisper to myself （我）对我自己说，故用myself．
4．marked．考查非谓语动词．根据分析，后面那部分为主句，包含谓语动词is，所以横线处用非谓语动词．mark做动词时，意思是\"庆贺；被赋予…特征；给确定…性质\"，与逻辑主语Earth Day构成被动关系，故用marked．
5．in．考查介词．根据句意可知用in，in 1970在1970年，故用in．
6．activities．考查名词．activity，可数名词，活动．前面是形容词various，各种各样的，所以用复数．故用activities．
7．suggests/suggested/has suggested．考查谓语动词．根据语境，研究表明…研究是过去发生的事情，可以用一般过去时；也可以表示过去完成的动作对现在的影响，可以用现在完成时；也可以把研究结果理解成一个常理，用一般现在时．故suggests/suggested/has suggested均可．
8．where．考查连接词．根据句意可知填连接词where，引导宾语从句．意思是\"你在大学做什么看起来比你去哪里上大学重要的多\"．故用where．
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9．who．考查关系词．根据句意可知填关系代词who，引导定语从句．先行词是those表示人是，关系词只能用who．故用who．
10．meaningful．考查形容词．根据句意可知填meaningful，形容词，有意义的，与前面的形容词healthy并列，修饰后面的名词college experience．故用meaningful．
【点评】语法填空需要在通读全文的情况下，了解文章的主旨大意．逻辑通顺了之后，再逐句地填出每个正确答案．给出提示词的，在原词的基础上变形；未给提示词的，要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等虚词．要注意上下文之间的联系和提示．
第二节 完形填空 （每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题给出的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选岀最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
2．【分析】短文主要讲了Wilson为大学生免费提供搭车的服务，这对于很多学生能顺利完成学业是非常重要的，但Wilson本人也觉得这样的经历能从中收益，他认为能成为你孩子们生活的一部分是自己的荣幸．
【解答】1﹣20 CDBDB ABABD CDCAD CABAC
1．C．动名词的辨析，linking联系，sending发送，offering提供，distributing分配，76岁的Wilson在过去的八年里给大学生提供免费的搭车，故答案为C．
2．D．动名词的辨析，donating捐赠，lending借给，delivering传送，volunteering自愿，此处指他自愿把他的车为年轻人服务，故答案为D．
3．B．动词的辨析，paved铺，covered覆盖，走了…课程，measured测量，wandered漫游，此处指Wilson开车为学生服务的路程达到64000英里，故答案为B．
4．D．名词的辨析，arguments争论，interviews采访，negotiations协商，conversations对话，此处指他送学生路上的聊天是愉快的和幽默的，故答案为D．
5．B．动词的辨析，met遇到，driven开车，addressed演讲，greeted问候，此处指他开车接送过的学生成为了医生老师工程师，故答案为B．
6．A．副词的辨析，even甚至，ever曾经，once曾经，already已经，前后句子构成递进的关系，故答案为A．
7．B．动词的辨析，earned挣得，received收到，assessed评估，demanded要求，Tina Stern在上大学的四年都收到过Wilson的搭载，故答案为B．
8．A．上下文的理解，根据上下文可知Wilson给学生提供免费的交通运输服务，因此使用transportation，故答案为A．
9．B．形容词的辨析，forced强迫的，awkward尴尬的，ridiculous可笑的，suspicious可
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疑的，Tina Stern说搭车的时候并不是尴尬地坐在那，故答案为B．
10．D．动词的辨析，selects挑选，recites背诵，guesses猜测，remembers记住，他问你问题然后还会记住你的回答，故答案为D．
11．C．短语的辨析，act on对…起作用，settle on解决，check on检查，核实，agree on同意，下次你再搭车的时候，他会核实那些事情，故答案为C．
12．D．上下文的理解，此处指的是前文的through a student﹣support programme，因此使用programme，故答案为D．
13．C．副词的辨析，far远，around周围，beyond超越，forwards朝着，此处指Wilson经常做得不止这些，确保学生的福利和安全，使用go beyond\"超越\"，故答案为C． 14．A．动词的辨析，assit协助，watch观看，urge催促，warn警告，如果出现什么问题，Wilson就会协助他们，故答案为A．
15．D．动词的辨析，expects期待，attempts试图，manages试图，hesitates迟疑，Wilson从不迟疑地为他们买东西，故答案为D．
16．C．形容词的辨析，extra额外的，unusual不寻常的，necessary必要的，adequate足够的，对于一些学生能够完成大学学业Wilson的帮助是必不可少的，故答案为C． 17．A．动词的辨析，share分享，fuel加油，repair修理，exchange交换，有一些学生不得不跟父母共用汽车，故答案为A．
18．B．动词的辨析，required要求，allowed允许，reminded提醒，convinced说服，对于那些学生，由Wilson搭载才能够使得他们顺利完成学业，故答案为B．
19．A．名词的辨析，experience经历，arrangement安排，appreciation欣赏，employment雇佣，对于Wilson他也说同样地从这样的经历中受益，故答案为A．
20．C．名词的辨析，effort努力，ambition雄心，privilege特权，荣幸，convenience方便，他认为成为孩子们生活的一部分对他也是一种荣幸，故答案为C．
【点评】在做完形填空时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配，在平时多积累一些固定搭配．
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分） 第一节（共30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
3．【分析】本文是一则广告．文章主要是招募一些志愿者管理者来试试这个计划，以及阐述
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了志愿者管理者的主要职责．
【解答】1． C 细节理解．通读全文可知A项\"寻找当地合作伙伴．文中没有提到；根据第四段\" Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness． You may have chances to meet new people who'll become your lifelong friends．不仅可以帮助我们的年轻志愿者个人发展，还可以学习新技能，提高文化意识．你可能有机会结识新朋友，他们将成为你终生的朋友．\"可知是帮助志愿者，而不是接纳志愿者，所以B错误；C项\"培养文化意识\"在第四段有提到，但不是主要职责，所以D错误；根据第二段\"Now we need volunteer managers aged 25﹣75．They are extremely important in the safe and effective running of our programmes．现在我们需要25﹣75岁的志愿者管理人员．他们对我们项目的安全和有效运行非常重要．\"以及倒数第四段\" There is no other chance like a GDA programme． Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities．没有其他的机会像一个GDA计划．加入我们作为一个志愿者经理发展自己的技能，同时为社区带来好处．\"可知志愿者管理人员的主要职责是运行这个项目．故选C．
2． D 细节理解．注意观察图表以及图表最后一行\"South Africa 2 Jul．﹣29 Aug． 15 Jun．﹣2 Aug．\"可知只有南非是一直到8月29日，占据了整个八月．故选D． 3． D 细节理解．根据倒数第五段\"GDA ensures that volunteers work with community members and local project partners where our help is needed． All our projects aim to promote the development of poor and remote communitiesGDA．确保志愿者在需要我们帮助的地方与社区成员和当地项目合作伙伴合作．我们所有的项目都旨在促进贫困和偏远社区的发展．\"可知GDA项目的共同目标是帮助有需要的社区．故选D． 【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目． 2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换． 3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义．
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4．【分析】本文是一篇记叙文．文章主要讲了摩尔在爸爸警告她糖果对牙齿有害时她想到：\"为什么我不能做一个对我的牙齿有益的健康糖果，这样我的父母就不能拒绝？\"后来她花了两年的时间在网上研究，并进行试验，成功地制作了一种对牙齿有益的糖果．这个故事告诉我们善于思考就会成功．
【解答】1． B 细节理解．根据第二段\"But Moore was sick of missing out on candies． So she desired to get round the warning， \"Why can't I make a healthy candy that's good for my teeth so that my parents can't say no to it？\"但是摩尔厌倦了错过糖果．所以她想避开这个警告：\"为什么我不能做一个对我的牙齿有益的健康糖果，这样我的父母就不能拒绝？\"可知当她父亲警告她糖果对牙齿有害时，她想找出一种有益牙齿的糖果．故选B． 2． A 细节理解．根据第三段\" Consequently， she succeeded in making a kind of candy only using natural sweeteners， which can reduce oral bacteria．因此，她成功地制作了一种糖果，只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌．\"可知这种糖果使用天然甜味剂，所以B\"不含甜味剂\"错误；根据\"可以减少口腔细菌\"说明对牙齿有益，所以A正确．C、D文章没有提到．故选A．
3． B 推理判断．根据倒数第一段\" Although she founded her company early on ill life， she wasn't driven primarily by profit． Moore wants to use her unique talent to help others find their smiles．虽然她早年在病态的生活中创立了公司，但她并不是主要靠利润驱动的．摩尔想利用自己独特的才能帮助别人找到他们的笑容\"可知她不是为了钱，而是想帮别人找到微笑．故选B．
4． C 推理判断．阅读全文可知，A项关于名声文中没有提到；B项\"尊重青年\"文中没有提到；根据最后一段\"she wasn't driven primarily by profit．但她并不是主要靠利润驱动的\"可知D错误；阅读全文可知摩尔在爸爸警告她糖果对牙齿有害时她想到：\"为什么我不能做一个对我的牙齿有益的健康糖果，这样我的父母就不能拒绝？\"后来她花了两年的时间在网上研究，并进行试验，以获得既美味又对牙齿友好的食谱．她还联系牙医了解更多关于牙齿清洁的知识．因此，她成功地制作了一种糖果，只使用天然甜味剂，可以减少口腔细菌，和C项\"积极的思考和行动会带来成功．\"相符合．故选C． 【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目． 2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原
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文信息进行转换． 3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义．
5．【分析】本文是一篇说明文．文章主要讲了自助语音电话给人们带来的危险的状况． 【解答】1．D 推理判断．A．惊慌失措．B．困惑．C．尴尬．D．失望．根据文章第一段中\"Unfortunately， it's too little， too late． By the time these \"solutions\" become widely available， scammers will have moved onto cleverer means．\"作者表明了自己的态度，\"很不幸，这些措施太少，也太晚．这些\"解决方案\"能够广泛应用时，欺诈者将已进入到更聪明的方式．\"作者通过指出这些\"解决方案\"不能有效应对，表明对这些解决方案的失望．故正确答案是D．
2．A 细理解；文章中第三段第二句\"The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision．\" 意为\"自动语音电话令人头疼的原因，在数量和精准度两方面，与前者关系小一些．\"以及第三句\"A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name， and far more．\"意为\"通过十几年的个人信息数据窃取，导致欺诈者能够很容易地了解你母亲的名字，以及更多信息．\"通过上述论述，可以获知，利用这些新技术，欺诈者可以精准展开欺诈．故正确答案是A．
3．B 推理判断．本题考查推断题；根据文章第二段\"At this year's I/O Conference， a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human﹣sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection．\"可知新的声音技术可以给人们带来便利性，而后第三段又论述了这一技术会使现存自动语音电话问题更加糟糕，由此可推出技术有两面性，是把双刃剑．故正确答案是B． 4．C 主旨大意．文章在第一段提到了自助语音电话带给人们的危害，紧接下来的两段又进一步阐述这类电话带给人们危害的原因，并在倒数第二段阐述了减轻相关危害的方案，尾段最终提出信任度是很难获得又很容易失去的东西，并且，由此涉及的相关问题也会越来越难以解决．整篇文章都是在逐步阐述自助语音电话愈加危险的状况；故正确答案是C．
【点评】1．直接信息题：
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直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目． 2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换． 3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义．
6．【分析】本文是一篇说明文．文章主要讲了气候变化对海洋的影响．
【解答】1． B 细节理解．阅读第一段\"the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate， according to a new study世界海洋将会变得更加蓝和绿\"可知说到海洋的颜色会变化．根据第二段\" Because of the way light reflects off the organisms， these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface．由于光反射生物体的方式，这些浮游植物在海洋表面形成了丰富多彩的图案．\"可知颜色变化的原因．综合这两点可知这两段讲的是颜色的变化以及原因．故选B．
2． A 词义猜测．A． Sensitive．敏感的；B．Beneficial．有益的；C．Significant．意义重大的；D．Unnoticeable不明显；根据划线词所在的句子\"But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend但是浮游植物（ ）海洋变暖趋势的影响\"再根据下一句\"Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth， since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow， but also nutrients．气候变暖的变化可导致海洋的特性，可以影响浮游植物的生长，因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳来生长，还需要营养．\"可知\"vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend\"和\"Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth气候变暖的变化可导致海洋的特性，可以影响浮游植物的生长\"意思相近，故选A．
3． D 推理判断．根据第三段\"When these organisms die， they bury carbon in the deep ocean， an important process that helps to regulate the global climate．当这些生物体死亡时，它们将碳埋藏在深海中，这是一个有助于调节全球气候的重要过程．\"可知A错误；根据第四段\"Stephanie Dutkiewicz， a scientist in MIT's Center for Global Change Science， built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century．麻省理工学院全球变化科学中心的科学家史蒂芬妮•达奇威茨建立了一个气候模型，该模型预测了整个世
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纪海洋的变化．\"可只是预测海洋的变化，而不是浮游植物．所以B错误‘根据第三段\"But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean's warming trend．但是浮游植物易受海洋变暖趋势的影响．\"是说浮游植物受气候的影响，而不是影响气候，所以C项\"浮游植物被用来控制全球气候．\"错误；根据倒数第三段\" But in some waters， such as those of the Arctic， a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton， and these areas will turn greener．但是在一些水域，比如北极的水域，变暖会使浮游植物的生存条件变得更为成熟，这些区域也会变得更加绿．\"可知浮游植物会使得海洋变绿．故选D．
4． C 主旨大意．根据第一段\"By the end of the century， if not sooner， the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate， according to a new study． 一项新的研究表明，由于气候变暖，到本世纪末，如果不是很快的话，世界海洋将会变得更加蓝和绿．\"可知文章主要是讲气候对海洋的影响．故选C． 【点评】1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目． 2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换． 3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义．
第二节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
7．【分析】本文是一篇说明文．文章主要讲了当今世界的大部分工作都是在团队中完成的．大多数人认为组建一个伟大团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人．可是他们的钱花得好吗？文章就这一问题进行了调查．
【解答】1． B 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断．根据上一句\"Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals大多数人认为组建一个伟大团队的最好方法是聚集一群最有才华的人．\"以及下一句\"Companies spend millions hiring top business people公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商务人士．\"可知此处说的是雇佣顶级人才的事情，所以和B项\"Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top
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talent．运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才．\"相吻合．故选B．
2． E 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断．根据下一句\"They focused on football， basketball and baseball． The results are mixed．他们关注足球、篮球和棒球，结果是喜忧参半的．\"可知此处说的是顶尖人才加入到体育团队中所带来的结果，所以和和E项\"Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world．最近的几项研究考察了人才在体育界的作用．\"相吻合．故选E．
3． G 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断．根据下一句\"In baseball， the performance of individual players is less dependent on teammates． They conclude that when task interdependence is high， team performance will suffer when there is too much talent， while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance when task interdependence is lower在棒球运动中，个体运动员的表现对队友的依赖性较小．他们得出结论，当任务相互依赖性较高时，团队的表现会受到影响．\"可知此处说的是团队合作的问题，所以和G项\"This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball这个任务的相互依赖性将棒球与足球和篮球区分开来．\"相吻合．故选G．
4． D 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断．根据上一句\" If a basketball star is，for example， trying to gain a high personal point total， he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate， affecting the team's performance．例如，如果一个篮球明星试图获得较高的个人积分总数，他可能会在将球传给队友时自己投篮，从而影响团队绩效．\"可知此处说的是体育比赛中的团队精神，所以和D项\"Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship．明星们显然不遵循这种体育精神的基本原则．\"相吻合．故选D．
5． F 考查对上下文的理解和推理判断．根据下一句\"An A﹣team may require a balance﹣not just A players， but a few generous B players as well．一个一流的团队可能需要平衡，不仅仅需要一流的球员，而且还需要一些二类的慷慨的球员\"可知此处说的是在雇佣人才上的选择，所以和F项\"Building up a dream team is more complex than smiply hiring the best talent建立一个梦想团队要比雇佣最优秀的人才复杂得多．\"相吻合．故选F． 【点评】选句填空作答技巧： ①通读全文，了解文章大意；
②细读选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系； ③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项．
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④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理． 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35分）第一节（15分）
8．【分析】高分句型一：I suggest that you begin from Beijing， and I'll show you around． 译文：我建议你从北京开始，我会带你参观． 分析：that引导宾语从句．
高分句型二： After that， you can go to Shanghai， where you can stay for a week． 译文：之后，你可以去上海，在那里你可以待一个星期． 分析：使用where引导定语从句． 【解答】Dear Jim，
I'm pleased that you're coming to tour in China．（写明写信目的）
I suggest that you begin from Beijing， and I'll show you around． 【高分句型一】Tianjin will be your next stop． After that， you can go to Shanghai， where you can stay for a week．【高分句型二】 You can take high﹣speed trains to both cities．（交通出行）
Summer in these cities is hot and rainy， so take summer wear plus an umbrella with you．（必备衣物）
Looking forward to your arrival．（愿望） Yours， Li Hua
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来． 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果． 第二节（20分）
9．【分析】高分句型一：When I got home， I packed up my luggage for the trip． 译文：当我到家的时候，我为这次旅行收拾行李． 分析：when引导时间状语从句．
高分句型二：While working， I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun． 译文：当工作的时候，我意识到在炎热的太阳下面在田里劳作是多么难．
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分析：使用while引导省略的时间状语从句，realized后面是how引导宾语从句． 【解答】Last week I took part in a farm work programme in the suburbs．（引出话题） At the class meeting， our teacher told us about the programme with the theme \"Working is most beautiful\"． And he stressed the importance of working with our own hands．（图一）When I got home， I packed up my luggage for the trip．【高分句型一】（图二）On the farm，we helped pick watermelons． While working， I realized how hard it was to work in the fields under a hot sun．【高分句型二】（图三）When I came back home，I shared my experiences with my parents． And they were very proud of me．（图四）
【点评】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来． 动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，跑题偏题．本作文中给出的要点比较具体，故需要准确表达．写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次．特别注意在选择句式时要赋予变化．平时除了加强词汇积累，写作联系以外，还可以适当记忆一些类似的范文，这样在考试中可以起到事半功倍的效果．
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