I. 不定式构成: 由to＋动词原形构成。在句中不能作谓语。它具有动词的性质，本身可以带宾语和状语。
II. 动词不定式的时态、语态 时态 一般式 （not) to do （not) to be 进行式 （not) to be doing 完成式 （not) to have done ( not) to have been 完成进行式 （not) to have been doing 语态 主动形式 被动形式 / done done (1)语态 如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。如：
It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.
It was impossible for lost time to be made up. 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有时两种形式表达的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.) (2)时态
1) 一般式：表示的动作或状态与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this.
I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again. 我希望再见到你。 2) 完成式：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.
3) 进行式： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He seems to be eating something. 4) 完成进行式：
She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.
III. 疑问词＋不定式结构 疑问词接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等。如：
When to leave for London has not been decided yet. （不定式在句子中做主语） Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. （不定式在句子中做宾语） The question was where to get the medicine needed. （不定式在句子中表语）
IV. 动词不定式的语法功能 动词不定式在句中可以作句子除谓语之外的任何句子成分。 一、作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： It's our duty to take good care of the old. How long did it take you to finish the work?
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 二、作宾语
1) 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语
afford，agree，aim, arrange，ask，attempt， choose，claim，decide，demand，determine，
/ expect，fail，help，hesitate，hope， manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，prove，refuse，swear，tend，threaten，undertake，volunteer，want，wish
举例：The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 I happen to know the answer to your question. 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语＋动 词＋it＋补语＋to do句式。如：
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. 三、作补语： 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 We believe him to be guilty. 我们相信他是有罪的。
We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。 四、作表语 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
五、作状语
1）目的状语 He ran fast in order to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 2）作结果状语,要放在句子后面。to, so… as to, too…to, enough to He searched the room only to find nothing. 3) 表原因 I'm glad to see you.
六、作定语 ①The next train to arrive is from Washington. ②Do you have anything to be taken to your sister? ③Do you have anything to say on the question?
④Would you please give me some paper to write on? ⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
V. 省to 的动词不定式 1） 使役动词 let, have, make：感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, feel, 等后作宾补，省略to。注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。
2）would rather，had better，might(just) as well：prefer to do…rather than do… 3） Why… / why not…：
4） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth：
5） but和except前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。
6）当两个或多个不定时短语由连词and，but或or连接时，后一个或几个不定式符号to常省略。但若表示对比、对照关系时，则不能省略。 He wants to move to France and marry the girl.
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
7）不定式做表语时，一般要带to，但若主语部分中含有do的各种形式时，符号to可省去。 We've missed the last bus. All we could do now is walk home.
动词不定式专项练习
（一）巩固练习
1. This school was the first ______ textbooks as well as reading materials. A. publishing B. to publish C. having published 2. --- Is Bob still working in your school?
--- I’m afraid not. He is said _______ and ______ in a private school recently. A. to resign; to teach C. having resigned; to be teaching 3. You were silly not ______ your car.
A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 4. I’d rather read than watch television; the programs seem ______all the time.
A. to get worse B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse D. getting worse 5. His sister is said ______ in the supermarket when she was doing shopping there yesterday. A. to be badly treated C. being badly treated
B. badly treating D. to have been badly treated
B. to have resigned; teaching
D. to have resigned; to be teaching
D. published
6. ______ this cake, you’ll need 2 eggs, 175g sugar and 175g flour. A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 7. It took a long time for the connection between body temperature and illness ______. A. to make
B. to be made
C. making
D. being made
8. It remains ______ whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
9. Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one ________. A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed 10. I can’t stand ________ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _______ talking while she works.
A. working; stopping
B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop
D. to work; to stop
11. He hurried to the booking office only ______ that all the tickets had been sold out. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 12. There is nothing more I can try _______ you to stay, so I wish you good luck.
A. being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade 13. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ________. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing 14. The director had her assistant _______ some hot dogs for the meeting.
D. being breathed
A. picked up B. picks up C. pick up D. picking up 15. Something as simple as _______ some cold water may clear your mind and relieve pressure. A. to drink
B. drinking
C. to be drinking
D. drunk
（二）高考聚焦
16. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, ______ reduce unemployed pressure. A. help B. to have helped C. to help 17. We are invited to a party ______ in our club next Friday. A. to be held B. held C. being held
D. having helped
D. holding
18. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it ________.
A. reusing B. reused C. reuse D. to be reused 19. David threatened ______ his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid. A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D. having reported
20. All of them try to use the power of the workstation ______ information in a more effective way.
A. presenting
B. presented
C. being presented D. to present
21. He told us whether _______ a picnic was still under discussion. A. to have B. having C. have D. had
22. With the world changing fast, we have something new _______ with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal
B. dealt
C. to deal
D. dealing
23. _______, the pay isn’t attractive enough, though the job itself is quite interesting. A. Generally speakingB. On the contrary C. In particular D. To be honest 24._______, you need to give all you have and try your best. A. Being a winner B. To be a winner C. Be a winner
D. Having been a winner
25. I feel greatly honored ______ into their society. A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
26. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried ______ alone, but she didn’t like it , and moved back home. A. living
B. to live
C. to be living
D. having lived
27. ----Did the book give the information you needed? ----Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book. A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding 28. The message is very important, so it is supposed ______ as soon as possible. A. to be sent B. to send C. being sent D. sending 29. He was busy writing a story, only _______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped
30. Lydia really regrets _______ out of high school. She has really had to struggle to make living because of that decision. A. drop
B. to drop
C. dropping
D. dropped
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