七选五解题技巧

七选五解题技巧

一、题型简介

七选五是英语高考试卷中的一个重要题型，全国I,II,II卷，以及北京卷和浙江卷，都包含七选五题型。换句话说，目前除了上海、江苏、天津三个地区不考查七选五外，其余省份和地区所用的高考卷，都包含七选五题型。10分的分值，涉及地区广泛，足以说明该题型在高考试卷中的重要性。七选五阅读可分为正文和选项两个部分，正文通常是250词左右的短文，文中有5个句子被挖空，正文后给出七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述为“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。备选项中，个别选项间区分度不大，干扰性强，这就增加了题型的难度。如果不小心误选一题，就有可能造成连带效应，出现几个错误。总的来说，七选五的题型难度要大于传统的阅读理解题，对学生把握文章结构脉络、逻辑思维能力和语言综合运用能力，有更高的要求。

二、命题走向

分析历年高考真题可发现，七选五题型考查体裁，以说明文占比最高，议论文次之，而记叙文考查较少。因为说明文和议论文问题结构比较清晰，适合考查标题概括、主题句、过渡句等，从而考查学生对行文结构、脉络层次的综合分析能力。以2013年至2017年全国卷II的七选五真题为例，体裁皆为说明文，主题分别为：进行公共演讲的训练要点；时间紧的情况下的烹调建议；如何进行马拉松训练的相关建议；如何打造一个你自己的专属花园；工作中被人打断时，如何应对处理。进一步对各小题进行研究，会发现题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容），过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。

近五年全国卷II真题考查走向如下：

三、解题步骤

要做好七选五题目，先要使用高效、快速的解题步骤。

1. 分析选项，串联主题。

在开始解题前，了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。如果文章有标题，标题往往就点出了文章的主题。如果文章没有给出标题，就需要同学们快速分析出主题。但是正文中空缺了五处，结构和逻辑可能被打断。而且阅读文章要耗费一定时间，考场上需要争分夺秒，故建议同学们直接从选项着手，勾画选项关键词，串联出文章主题。关键词包括：名词、动词、形容词、数词、代词等。因为七选五正文通常都是说明文，选项中反复出现的高频词、词组，通常就是文章的说明对象。如果7个选项中没有同一高频词、词组出现，就把各个选项的核心关键信息进行叠加，也可以总结出文章的主题。

以2013年全国卷I的题目为例，备选项如下：

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects

勾画选项关键词，会发现business,businesses, business management等信息反复出现，一定和主题相关，马上推出文章的主题就是：商业管理。

2. 研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。

了解了文章主题，马上开始第二步：解答题目。此时需要回到文中，重点阅读空格附近的句子，圈定线索词，再和选项进行比对，锁定和线索相关的选项，从而确定答案。如果有题目拿不准，不要把宝贵的时间耗在一道题上，在一棵树上吊死。先放过此题，继续往下，把容易的题目做完，再返回来攻克难题。此时可用的备选项已经缩小范围，选择起来难度自然小了很多。

3. 复读短文，核对答案。

做完了所有的题目，为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行

核对检查。看文章从内容上、逻辑上是否通顺连贯，直白地说，就是检查文章是否读得通、读得懂，符合逻辑。

四、解题技巧

七选五题型最实用的技巧有三种：线索法、结构法和逻辑关系法。

1. 线索法

解答一道题目，首先考虑线索法，这是最简单、最好用的方法。尤其是英语基础差的同学，用好线索法，在读不懂句子的情况下，也有很大的几率做对题目。线索法，就是在空格前后圈定线索词，然后在选项中查找该线索词的原词或同反义词复现。线索词主要包括代词、名词（尤其是时间、地点、名称等专有名词）、数词、动词等。

• 代词指代

当选项，空格前后出现代词，一定要重视，绝对是解题的超级线索。出现代词，就说明前文中有代词指代的具体人或事物。利用这一线索，解答题目就相当的简单。

看到一个实例：

…When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he

does not give it enough opportunity to become strong. ___2___ One of them exercises his arms and legs by playing tennis, while the other sits in a chair or a motor car all day.

A. Why is this?

B. What do you think of it?

C. The position is exactly the same as that of two people.

D. So if you want a good memory, learn from the poor: practice remembering.

E. Yet many people do not seem to know that the memory works in the same way.

F. When someone else says that he is poor in the health, we often say sorry to hear that.

G. But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame, or that he is just unlucky.

第2空后有明显的代词线索：One of them…the other…他们中的一个……另一个……,马上推断出第2空中出现了“两个人”，扫读选项，C选项的“two people”正好吻合，故答案为C。

• 词语复现

词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有

相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。

实例分析：

____4____ Whether they are basic things like brushing your teeth or

doing your homework, or more involved chores that contribute to the household,simply fulfill your responsibilities on time. …

A. The people doing the chores before will greatly appreciate the help.

B. It will make your life more pleasant.

C. Everyone has certain responsibilities.

D. When speaking to a group, speak loud enough.

E. This includes, but is not limited to, your dishes and your room.

F. By being aware of these manners and traits, you can manage them sooner.

G. Depending on the problem, 15 minutes of effort is usually a good guideline.

第4空是段落开头，空后句子出现代词they，说明空格句子必然有一个复数名词。再

从下文的responsibilities一词迅速锁定选项C，属于原词复现的情况，前后呼应。句意是：每个人都有一些职责。不管是刷牙、做家庭作业，还是……,请按时完成你的职责。

需要指出的是，词语复现法解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上下文有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将选项代入原文，检验选项与上下文能否自然衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。

2. 结构法

当文中出现明显的结构词、词组，或空格句在一些特殊位置，如段首、段尾等，要考虑文章、段落的行文结构，根据空格句在文中所起的作用，来考虑作答。

• 文中出现结构词、词组：当文中有firstly,secondly, next, then, in conclusion等明

显的结构词，圈出这些结构词，理清文章或段落结构，对解题有很大的帮助。

• 空格句在段首

①段落主题句：阅读后文的内容，推断出段落主题，选出正确选项。

②过渡句：在后文找不到解题线索时，就要想到空格句子可能起到承上启下的作用，试着从上一段的结尾处寻找线索。正确选项通常与上一段结尾能够自然地衔接起来。

• l 空格句在段尾

①总结、概括性句子：阅读选项，先搜寻选项中是否有表总结的词、词组，如in

conclusion，in summary,in a word, therefore等等；再看哪个选项是对前文内容的总结、概括。

②过渡句：引出下一段的内容。如果在前文中找不到线索，就从下一段的开头寻找提示，看看是否有哪个选项可以和下一段开头形成有机的衔接。

③本段所阐述问题的一个方面：段尾的空格句是段落主题下的一个细节，和前文是并列、排比、转折等关系。抓住关联词或段落结构，对比选项，得出答案。

④首段末句：空格句在第一段末尾出现，很有可能是全文的主题句。此时要把握全文主题来分析作答。

结构法实例分析：

Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction,and control of the operations of a business. 3 One is the establishment of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales;the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 4 The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.Direction is concerned primarily with supervision（监管）and guidance by the management in authority. 5

A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and

operative management.

C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs

E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.

G. Planning in business management has three main aspects

第一句是本段主题句，提到planning,direction, control三方面。接下来的内容应分别对这三方面进行介绍。倒数第二句在讲Direction, 那最后一句，也就是第5空肯定在讲control方面的内容。扫读选项，只有A选项出现control一词，在讲和它相关的内容，所以第5题答案是A。

同理，在Direction之前，所给出的句子都没有出现planning,所以第3空的句子必然会提到planning。在选项中提到planning的只有G，所以第3题的答案是G。

最后看到第4空。首先，第3空的句子，也就是G选项提到Planning,

has three main aspects：Planning包括3个方面。那下文会对这三个方面进行一一

阐述。扫读下文， 第4空前后出现结构线索词：One,the third,说明文中已提到了第一、第三方面，还缺第二方面。所以第4空句子是在讲planning的第二方面。扫读剩余选项，发现E选项线索词有second

aspect，不正是在讲第二方面吗？所以本题的答案是E。

3. 逻辑关系法

逻辑关系法，即通过分析句子间逻辑关系进行解题。文中出现逻辑关系词、词组时，可以快速判断出句子间的逻辑关系，是选择答案时的重要线索。

高考常见逻辑关系词、词组如下：

• 并列关系：and,and also, not only…but also…, similarly, likewise

• 递进关系：then,besides, what’s more, in addition, additionally, moreover,

furthermore

• 因果关系：because,since, as, therefore, hence, thus, as a result, consequently,

accordingly

• 转折、对比关系：but,however, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other

hand,while,whereas

• l让步关系：though,although, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in

spite of

• 列举关系：first/second/third…,in the first place/ in the second place, to begin

with, on one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another…

• 举例关系：for example, for instance, such as…, take…for example, namely

• 条件关系：if,as long as, on condition that, providing that, provided that

• 实例分析：

Get a coach

1 ,so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that's

right for you.

A.You aren't like anybody else

B.You already do lots of things well

C. Turn your back on too many rules

D.Check the rules about dos and don'ts

E.Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough

F .The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleep

G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse

空后句子出现逻辑线索词so,说明前后是因果关系。空后句子意思是“因此要得到帮助”，那第1空的句子就要解释原因：为什么要得到帮助。E选项public speaking is tough正好能解释原因：因为公众演讲很困难，所以要得到帮助。前后形成因果关系，所以答案为E选项。

五、备考策略

剖析七选五题型的命题走向和解题策略后，同学们就要进行针对性训练，逐步提升解题能力。首先要夯实自身语言基础和语篇框架分析能力。词汇关是必须要突破的。没有词汇基础，不止是七选五，所有题型的解题都只能是纸上谈兵。针对七选五题型特点，高频逻辑关系词、词组必须要熟记掌握。同时，要熟练掌握不同体裁语篇的常见框架结构，尤其是说明文和议论文。如全国卷II考查频繁的给建议型说明文，通常在首段末句点出全文主题，接下来的各段会在小标题或段落首句处给出各个说明侧重点，即具体的各条建议。最后一段，往往会进行全文的总结。建议同学们在平时的练习中，有意识地对练习语篇进行体裁、框架的分析，总结出所在地区历年真题在语篇体裁、框架上的规律，自然能以不变应万变，提升解题效率。

此外，要学会有效、高效地做练习。做练习不只是做完题目后查看解析就了事，要提高自己的解题准确率，一定要通过平时的练习，找出让自己频频丢分的考点。因此做完一篇练习后，一定要研究错题，分析出错题的考点和错误原因。持续一段时间的错题分析，你就能总结出自己的薄弱题型和相应考点。再对此类题目进行强化训练，突破短板，正确

率的提升自然水到渠成。

2016年高考英语真题全国一卷二卷三卷七选五7选5

Passage 1(2016·全国Ⅰ)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Secret codes (密码)keep messages private.Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years.__1__ Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography.__2__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

__3__You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “135520135.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.__4__ For example, “bridge”

might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” __5__However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.

A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B．In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文。向读者介绍了密码在生活中的作用及密码学的三种基本类型。

1．D[考查综合分析能力。联系下一句的意思，“创设密码和破译密码总是相伴而生的”，可以推断此处意思是“只要有密码存在，人们总是千方百计地进行破译”。故选D项。]

2．E[考查联系上下文的能力。依据接下来的举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。因此答案为E。]

3．G[考查运用语境进行推断的能力。前文已经介绍了一种设置密码的方式，这里又介绍了另一种。故选G。G项中的another也是解题的关键标志词。]

4．F[考查联系上下文的能力。空格前的a code book暗示答案可能为F项，通过验证，两句意思通顺自然，衔接紧密。故答案为F。]

5．A[考查综合分析能力。由下文中的“also hard”二词可知答案非A莫属。]

Passage 2(2016·全国Ⅱ)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A garden that’s just right for you

Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts？__1__．But it doesn’t happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process.

•__2__

Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料)．__3__．However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.

•Recall(回忆)your childhood memories

Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood.Grandma’s rose garden and Dad’s vegetable garden might be good or bad, but that’s not what’s important.__4__—how being in those gardens made us feel.If you’d like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.__5__．Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown－up garden.Have fun.

A．Know why you garden

B．Find a good place for your own garden

C．It’s our experience of the garden that matters

D．It’s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers

E．Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants

F．You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too

G．For each of those gardens, write down the strongest memory you have

【语篇导读】 这是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是如何做园艺，让美丽的花园给我们带来美好的视觉享受。

1．F[本题考查联系上下文的能力。根据前面的Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you可知，你是否参观过一个美丽的花园，再结合后面的It starts with looking inside yourself可知，故F项“你也可以把自己的花园弄得这么漂亮”符合语境。]

2．A[本题考查综合分析能力。根据后面的there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden可知，这一部分主要说明的是首先要弄清楚从事园艺的原因。故A项与之相符。]

3．E[本题考查综合分析能力。前两句谈到有些人认为花园只是一些花花草草，有些人关心的是少用水少用肥料的方法。本句应该仍然是人们对园艺的不同看法。故E项“还有其他人只是喜欢在户外接触植物”与上下文一致。]

4．C[本题考查运用语境进行推断的能力。根据前面的that’s not what’s important可知，这里强调的是在园艺中对我们来说真正重要的是什么。故C项“重要的是我们搞园艺的经历”符合上下文语境。]

5．G[本题考查综合分析能力。这里介绍的是自己弄一个花园，要回忆一下年轻时所看

到的那些花园，并把这些花园的优点写下来，然后制定计划并去践行。故G项与上下文一致。]

Passage 3(2016·全国Ⅲ)

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Everyone knows that fish is good for health.__1__But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.__2__This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.

__3__Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.__4__When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.

There are many common methods used to cook fish.__5__First，clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料)．Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then，it’s ready to serve.

A．Do not buy it.

B．The easiest is to steam it.

C．This is how you can do it.

D．It just requires a little knowledge.

E．The fish will go bad within hours.

F．When buying fish，you should first smell it.

G．The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了吃鱼对人的好处以及挑选鱼和做鱼的方法。

1．G[根据该空内容的前一句和后面的but 可知该空内容应是吃鱼的好处，故判断G选项符合语境。]

2．D[根据后面的解释内容可以判断此句起到承上启下的作用，故判断D选项符合语境。]

3．F[根据后面的解释内容可以判断此处应该填选鱼的方法，故F选项符合语境。]

4．A[此句是对上文的一个总结，根据因果关系，故选A选项。]

5．B[根据空前内容可知此处应填做鱼的方法，故B选项符合语境。]