Unit 1
* Part Two Reading centered activities Pre-reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the structure of the passage Para.1-4 c para.5-7 a para.8-11 b
para.12-13 d
2. 1) They would stare at them. 2) He felt embarrassed/ ashamed 3) He never let on.
4) He usually walked there with the help of his son 5) He was pulled on a child’s sleigh to the subway station 6) He like basketball, dances, and parties
7) He asked them to sit down and fight with him.
8) He was proud of his son
9) He missed him very much and was sorry for what he had thought about him. 10) He learned to have a good heart from his father. 3. 1) C 2) A 3) C 4) B 5) D 6) A
7) B
8) C
9) D 4. Understanding the reference Words. 1) the difficulty in coordination the steps 2) whether a person has a good heart 3) a good heart
4) the baseball team 5) sat down to fight
6) what the son has achieved 7) sensed
8) the reluctance to walk with him
* Vocabulary 1. 1) urged 2) halted 3) bother 4) embarrassed 5) adjusted 6) complain 7) kid 8)engage 9) subject
10) saw to it that 11) coordinate 12) participate 2. Word-building patience bitterness
10) A
fortune knowledgeable reluctant entrance complaint envious memorable frustration 1) bitter 2) fortunate 3) patience 4) memorable 5) reluctant 6) entrance 7) complaints 8) envious 9) knowledgeable 10) frustration * Translation
1. He walks slowly because of his bad leg.
2. He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.
3. He saw to it that the same mistake didn’t happen again.
4. Now that they’ve got to know each other a little better, the get along just fine. 5. Then I found myself surrounded by half a dozen boys. 6. I send you my best wishes on this happy occasion.
* Part Three Further development 3. What is love? 1) causes 2) offers 3) to 4) not 5) tell 6) calls 7) attracted 8) discovers 9) weak
10) disappointed 11) distance 12) out
* Part Four Writing and Translation 2. Translation Practice
1. From Chinese into English
1) support a big family
2) care for her children and parents 3) pay for his children’s education 4) after years of diligent research
5) the financial burden on his shoulders
6) She has a golden heart/ a heart of gold and loves people around her.
7) My father has never bought any toys and candies for my younger brother and me, but I know he loves us.
8) My parents do their best to meet our needs and always keep their promises. 2. From English into Chinese
1) 他从来不感到疲劳，非常喜欢干活，而且说话不多。
2) 有她陪在身边我很高兴并感到安全，尤其是在天气不好的时候。
3) 从他那里得到的一切我们都很感激，而且下决心要努力学习来报答他。
4) 她常常给我们讲一些很有趣的故事，而且从这些故事中我能能够知道自己该什么，不该做什么。
Unit 2
* Part Two Reading centered activities Pre-reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the main idea of the passage 1) different 2) problems
3) communication 4) translator 5) trust 6) acceptance 7) exaggerate 8) superlatives 9) metaphors 10) generalizations 11) unsupportive 12) literally 13) rethink 14) translate
2. Understanding Specific Information 1) F 2) T 3) F 4) T 5) T 6) F * Vocabulary 1. 1) mess 2) repeat 3) mislead 4) intends 5) tend
6) exaggerates
7) T
8) T
9) T 10) T
7) frustrating 8) misinterpreted 9) acceptance 10) trust 2. Step One
1) f 2) c 3) a 4) k 5) I 6) e Step Two
1) conveyed/ conveyed 2) assistance 3) encounter 4) conflict 5) emphasis 6) reacted 7) recognize 8) manner
9) assumed/assume 10) emerged/emerges 11) ignore
3. 1) out 2) on 3) with
4) of
5) In
6) in
7) to
8) on
9) At 10) of
7) h 8) j
9) g
10) b
11) d
* Translation
1. I went to the dentist yesterday to have a bad/decayed tooth pulled out. 2. The development of things depends fundamentally on internal causes. 3. All roads lead to Rome.
4. I meant/intended to give you that book today, but I forgot to bring it with me. 5. I was on the verge of accepting his advice.
6. Divorce is not a matter you can afford to take lightly.
* Part Three Further development 4 .A Letter for James Dear James, How are you? very busy to get ready play friends won great got me
mobile phone gotta go
Please write back.
* Part Four Writing and Translation
4. Translation Practice
1) Misunderstandings are very common in our daily lives.
They will cause problems and unnecessary trouble: ruin friendships, bring misery. 2) There are many ways to avoid misunderstandings 1. Do not use words that may have double meanings. 2. Express ideas and pronounce words clearly. 3. Emphasize the main points.
4. Don’t pretend to understand when you don’t.
5. Ask for clarification when not clear about the meaning.
6. Be aware of the gender differences in communication.
3) Many misunderstandings can be avoided if we are careful enough. Life without misunderstandings will be better and happier.
Unit 3
Part Two
Post-reading
* Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text 1) Introduction (para.1)
Each person has the potential to win in his own way.
2) The meaning of “winner” and “loser”(Par. 2)
A winter is one who responds genuinely by being trustworthy and responsive A loser is one who fails to respond genuinely
3) Few people are winners and losers all the time.(Par.3) 4) Winners (Par. 4-7)
Characteristics of a winner: A. A winter is genuine
B. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. C. A winner is flexible.
D. A winner has a love for life.
E. A winner cares about the world and its people.
5) Losers (Para. 8-10)
Possible causes: Poor nutrition, cruelty, unhappy relationship, disease, continuing disappointments, and inadequate physical care. Characteristics of a loser:
A. A loser lacks an ability to appropriately express himself through a full range of possible behavior.
B. A loser has difficulty giving and receiving love. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C
* Vocabulary 1.
1) appreciate A.感激
B. 欣赏，赏识
2 ) Capacity
A. 容量，容积，容纳力 B. 能力，力量，才能 3) channel
A. 频道
B. 把---导向，引导，集中 4) contribute
A. 捐献，捐赠，贡献出 B. 有助于， 促成 5) flexible
A. 有弹性的，柔韧的 B. 灵活的，可变通的 6) guilt
A. 罪，罪行
B. 内疚，自责，悔恨 7) potential A. 潜在的，可能的 B. 潜力，潜能 8) rigid
A. 硬的，不易弯曲的 B. 严格的，刻板的
2． achieve---achievement depend---dependence cruel---cruelty genuine---genuineness
aware---awareness capable---capability expect---expectation limit---limitation
unique—uniqueness respond—response
disappoint---disappointment behave—behavior 1) expectation 2) limitations 6) awareness 3. 1) entered into 4) unaware of 7) lived up to * Translation
1. Lack of confidence contributed to his failure.
2. She has shown great courage in the face of her serious illness. 3. We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4. His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.
3) capability 4) achievement 5) response
7) behavior 8) disappointment 9) cruelty 2) channeled ---into 3) holds/held back 5) separates---from 8) calls for
6) referred to ---as
9) contributes to
10) dependence
10) sees/ saw ---as
5. Learning languages isn’t just a matter of memorizing words.
6. Once she has made her decision, no one can hold her back. 7. It’ll be difficult to live up to the standards set by our captain.
8. The scientist referred to this discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.
Part Four
Writing and Translation
2. Translation Practice
1) Failure is the mother of success.
2) Any man who is afraid of failure will/can never win.
3) Success means that you enjoy/love and are good at doing what you are doing now. 4) One who is eager to win will not necessarily win quickly.
5) A successful person doesn’t ask for things from others. On the contrary/ Instead, he will ask himself: “ What can I leave to this world?”
6) A real winner is someone who makes the greatest contributions to the society, not the one who is the richest, or the most famous.
3. Writing
Some people say that winning means being rich, some say winning means being powerful, and other think winning means being happy. I think winning means doing what you should do and being good at it. Most of us can only live in this world for no more than 70 or 80 years. We shouldn’t think too much about what we can get form this world. Instead, we should think about what we can leave in this world. The one who can make more contributions to the world is a real winner. For example, cleaning the street is a humble job in many people’s eyes, but in my opinion, street cleaners can also be great winners. They make our city more beautiful. They give us a better environment and consequently a better life. But, on the contrary, some people make money at the cost of the environment. Some are even worse: they cheat or kill others in order to gain power or earn money. Winners or losers? It’s time to give it a second thought.
Unit 4
Part Two Post-Reading
* Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
1) Introduction (Para. 1-2)
The term placebo is introduced: when it is prescribed and what it is. 2) The study of the placebo(Para.3-7)
i)The placebo works because the human mind fools itself. ii)The placebo makes the wish to get better become reality. iii)The doctor
70 percent or the people
only 25 percent of the people
3) seasickness, coughs, colds, pain after an operation nothing at all
The first group showed no changes from the way old people in that village had always been. a placebo
The second group had much better health and a lower death rate. a real drug which was intended to help with the problems of old age.
The third group showed much the same results as the group that took the placebo. 4) if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. 2. Understanding Specific Information 1) Yes
2) No
3) Maybe
4) Yes
5) Yes
6) No
7) Yes
8) Maybe
* Vocabulary
1.
1) A. a substance used for treating illness, especially a liquid you drink B. the treatment and study of illness and injuries 2) A. an act of firing a gun B. an injection of a drug
3) A. the part of a spacecraft in which astronauts live and work
B a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside 4) A. become whole and sound, return to health
B. cause to become mentally or emotionally strong again after a bad experience
5) A. a particular way of behaving towards someone or of dealing with them. B. a method that is intended to cure an injury or illness.
6) A. the process of cutting into someone’s body to repair or remove a part that is damaged B. the process of making a machine or system work
7) A. a person or their particular problem that a doctor is dealing with
B. a situation that exists, especially as it affects a particular person or group 8) A. make someone think that a particular thing is true; indicate
B. tell someone your ideas about what they should do, where they should go, etc. 2. 1) a 2) e 3) f 4) d 5) g 6) h 7) c 8) b * Translation
1) All I can say is that we are extremely sorry.
2) In many cases regulations alone will not work.
3) He is highly likely to succeed because of his intelligence and diligence. 4) She stared at me as if I were a stranger.
5) It is reported that three people were injured in the traffic accident yesterday. 6) I feel angry at the way he (has) treated me.
7) The patient is much the same this morning as he was yesterday. 8) I’d like to stay (at) home this evening rather than go out.
Part Four
Writing And Translation 2) Translation practice A: What are you doing?
B: I’m reading a magazine, Psychology.
A: Well, it must be fun to learn something about psychology. B: You bet. Psychology has broad applications in our daily life. A: For example…?
B. For example, people can’t resist the temptation to buy clothes on sale; patients feel much better after they’ve taken some placebos.
A. Wait, …wait. I don’t think it has anything to do with psychology.
B. It does have something to do with psychology. People can’t help buying clothes on sale because they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. Patients who have taken some placebos feel much better because they constantly tell themselves that they will become better, and their strong will makes the wish to get better become reality. A: Oh, I see. Does psychology also play a role in such cases as talking with friends and listening to fast music?
B. Yes, talking with friends can be relaxing, and listening to fast music can make people energetic or dynamic. According to psychology, these are god ways of keeping a distance from depression and pressure.
3. Writing Sample 1
Psychology plays an important role in our daily life. Our feeling and attitudes color the way we behave. Confidence is a good example.
In reality, a great number of people complain that they are not able to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. In some cases, this may be true. But in other cases, it means that these people allow themselves to get discouraged.
For example, a confident man can accomplish many things. If you have confidence, you believe you can do things well. You might not always do as well as you hope, but you will try harder the next time. A man who lacks self-confidence might not be able to complete simple tasks. Without confidence you are likely to be nervous, unsure of yourself and confused about what to do and how to do it. You may think you will fail, so as a result you will not try hard enough.
As the old saying goes, where is a will, there is a way. In other words, if you have the will or the determination to do something, you will always find a way to do it. Having confidence is an important part of our life. Sample 2
In our daily life, we often have to buy things. Most of us cannot really distinguish good quality form bad quality. Obviously we can see if an apple is rotten, but we cannot always see if something is well made. What thoughts make us buy things?
A women may decide to buy a particular style of dress because several of her friends choose that style. She wants to be like her friends. A man might decide to buy a particular coat because it is expensive. He thinks that since it is expensive it must be of good quality. A student who has a lot of money might decide to buy a jacket because it was designed by a well-known designer. Wearing a jacket with the designer’s name on it makes him feel important.
These are not the logical reasons for buy things, but they explain the motivation behind people’s actions or behavior. It means that psychology or our mental state plays an important role
in many aspects of our daily life.
Unit5 Part Two
Post-Reading
* Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Organization of the Text
I Introduction: Questions concerning dreams have puzzled human beings. (para.1) II Dreaming and sleeping (para. 2-3) 1) When does dreaming occur? When we are in REM sleep.
2) What are the main purposes of sleeping? To give us rest and to allow us to dream. III Possible causes of dreams (para. 4-6)
1) Physiological
Example: Sleeping with one’s feet too close to a heater may cause one to dream of walking on hot coals.
2) Reflection of inner fears
Example: Worrying about losing one’s job may cause one to dream of losing one’s job. IV Dreaming interpretation (para.7-9)
1) The earliest dream dictionary included symbols such as drinking wine to indicate a short life and drinking water to indicate a long life.
2) Artemidorus’ dictionary includes symbols such as right hand (father), left hand (mother) and dolphin (a good omen).
3) Most experts warn that dream interpretations should be treated with care.
2 Understanding Specific Information
1) T 2) T 3) T 4)T 5) F 6) T 7) T 8) T 9) F 10) F
* Vocabulary
1 1) explanation 2) enthusiasts 3)frustrating 4)popularity 5) unconscious 6) electrical 7) movements 8) recognizable 9) interpretation 10) countless 2 Task A
1) asleep 2) sleepless 3) sleep 4) sleepy 5) asleep 6) slept 7) sleeping, sleep 8) sleeper Task B
1) submerged: (cause to) go below the surface of the sea, river or lake （使）浸没，淹没 2) subculture: the behavior, practices, etc. associated with a group within a society亚文化 3) submarine: a special type of ship which can travel under water潜水艇
4) subway: (BrE) a path for people to walk under a road or railway地下通道; (AmE) a railway that runs under the ground地铁
5) subzero: (of temperatures) below zero零度以下的
6) Subtropical: related to an area near to a tropical area, or typical of that area副热带的，亚热带的
7) subspecies: a subdivision of a species（物种的）亚种
8) subnormal: below an average or expected standard, especially of intelligence低于正常的
3. 1) progressed 2) puzzled 3) process 4) reflected 5) predict 6) advances 7) symbol 8) ancient 9) error 10) conscious 11) analysis 12) inner
* Translation
1 You will see that what I am saying now will come true.
2 The lecture was so boring that half (of) the students fell asleep.
3 The problem of unemployment is tied up with the development of new technology. 4 His appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize him. 5 The castle dates back to the 14th century.
6 She has never done anything for them, whereas they have done everything they can for him.
Part Three Further Development
1 Vocabulary Review
1) A natural: not involving anything made by people天然的，自然的
B neutral: (of colors) not very strong or bright不鲜艳的，暗淡的 C natural: normal; usual正常的，惯常的
D neutral: not saying or doing anything that would encourage or help any of the groups involved in an argument or war.中立的，不偏不倚的
2) A shattered: (cause to ) break suddenly into very small pieces（使）粉碎
B crashing: hit something or someone extremely hard while moving, in a way that causes a lot of damage or makes a lot of noise 撞击
C cracked: do something with a sudden sharp noise 劈啪地响
D crashed: a violent accident involving one or more vehicles（汽车的）撞车事故；（飞机的）失事
E crack: (cause to ) break without dividing into separate parts（使）开裂
3) A ancient: of or from a long time ago, having lasted for a very long time, or very old古代的，远古的，古老的
B early: near the beginning of (a period of time), or before the usual, expected or planned time早的，早期的
C previous: happening or existing before the one mentioned先前的，以前的 4) A sign: something which shows that something exists or is happing迹象
B symbols: a shape or design that is used to represent something such as an idea象征 C signal: a sound or action that you make in order to give information to someone or tell them to do something信号
D signs/symbols: a standard mark that is used to represent something符号，记号 5) A view: state of seeing or being seen from a particular place视野，视域 B vision: power of seeing; sight视力
C vision: a picture in one’s mind of a possible situation or scene（对一可能情况或场景的）构想，设想；念头
D outlook: your general attitude to life and the world（对生活、世界的）观点，见解 E view: personal opinion or attitude观点，看法
6) A errors/mistakes: things done incorrectly through ignorance or wrong judgment错误，失误 B fault: if something bad that has happened is your fault, you should be blamed for it 过错 C error: a moral wrong道德上的错误
D fault: something that is wrong with a machine, system, design, etc., which prevents it from working properly故障
E mistake: (by mistake) if you do something by mistake, you do it without intending to错误地，（并非故意）
7) A confused: unable to think clearly迷惑的，糊涂的
B confusing: difficult to understand, puzzling令人迷惑的
8) A conscious: noticing the existence or presence of something particular意识到的，知道的 B unconscious: in the state of having lost consciousness 失去知觉的
C subconscious: present at a hidden level of the mind 潜意识的，下意识的
D consciousness: the state of being awake, thinking and aware of what is happening around you意识，神志清醒
2 Matching Symbols with Interpretations
1)d 2) k 3) a 4) j 5) G 6) h 7) c 8) l 9) e 10) f 11) I 12) b 13) Falling down from a high place: It may predict a heart attack. 14) Eating spoiled（馊的）food: It may predict a stomach problem.
15) Choking（窒息）: It may be caused by using a quilt that is too heavy. More symbols and their interpretations:
Being dead: The dreamer may experience a new start in life.
Getting lost on a journey: The dreamer is unable to see the future.
Finding a lot of money: The dreamer is about to find out something hidden about himself. Wild animals: The dreamer feels attacked and wants a chance to show his real power and strength.
Part Four Writing and Translation
2 Translation Practice
梦是心灵的谈话
人类至今尚未开启通往梦的世界的大门。 尽管我们很多人意识到做梦的价值，希望了解我们在梦中的活动， 但大多数人在睡眠中仍觉得像进入梦幻世界一样。有些人认为梦中的生活跟醒着的生活一样真实， 而且在积极寻找方法控制睡眠时的思维活动， 然而很少有人会将清醒时发生的事情跟梦中发生的事情联系在一起。
心理学家和心理玄学家在20 世纪90 年代普遍认为， 我们的梦境包含着日常生活的内容。 因此，学习记住并“挖掘”梦境是非常有用的。 纵观历史，土著居民们就曾特意集体漫游梦境以解决问题， 或根据部落所梦见的未来生活设定方向。 许多重要的科学发现就来源于梦境中发生的事件。
3 Writing
Sample
A Nightmare
I grew up in the country and life was hard at that time. I used to share a bed with my younger brother. We would often fight for space.
One night, I had a terrible dream. In the dream, our village was occupied by foreign invaders. The invaders were taking away property and children from households. They set houses on fire and killed anyone who did not obey them. I managed to hide in a pile of hay. I could hear my heart thumping when I saw some foreign soldiers coming toward our house. I couldn’t see them clearly because my eyes were covered with hay. I could hear them coming nearer and talking angrily. But I didn’t understand anything that they said. Just then, I realized that one of my arms was not fully covered. I wanted to hide it but I dared not move. Then one of the soldiers discovered me. I was almost scared to death. But still I didn’t move. Then I felt a severe pain on my left arm/ I was wounded by a soldier with a sword.
I woke up and realized that I had just had a nightmare. But my left arm was hurting. My brother’s leg had been pressing on my arm.
(210 words)
Unit6 Part Two
In-Class Reading Pre-reading Samples
1. _____ I like fresh fruit, vegetables, pork, seafood, all kinds of nuts, etc. I don’t like beef, lamb, chicken and pickles.
_____ Although I’m not a vegetarian, I like vegetables and fruit most. I eat a lot of them. I also like seafood because I was born in a city on the coast. I’ve been exposed to seafood ever since my childhood. I don’t eat meat, any kind of meat.
2. _____ The reason why I eat certain foods or don’t eat certain foods is simple: taste. In other words, I eat what tastes good, and don’t eat what doesn’t. But there is one exception. I’ve never tried snake because I’m scared by the creature. The mere mention of the word “snake” makes my skin crawl.
_____ I think our eating habits were formed at home when we were very young. For example, my mother is an excellent cook, especially good at cooking seafood and vegetables. I ate a lot of them at home. Gradually I’ve become used to this diet.
3. Yes. People in Guangzhou eat rats, snakes and many other birds or animals. It is said that they eat anything with 2 legs except human beings and anything with 4 legs except tables. Although it is an exaggeration, it shows they really eat a wide range of things. Many people think that’s strange because rats and snakes are nauseating. I also find eating raw fish strange, because I think raw fish contains a lot of bacteria. Post-reading
1. Finding Food Taboos
India cow 1) Cows help plow the fields.
2) Cow manure can be used as fertilizer.
3) Cow manure can be dried and burned to make a cooking fire. The united States dog 1) Dogs serve as companions for people.
2) Dogs serve as protection against thieves.
Ancient Egypt & Israel pork 1) Pork cooked insufficiently may spread disease. 2) People did not want to stay in one place to raise pigs. 2. Understanding the Details
1) nutrition, religion, the ways of different people 2) butterflies, rats, termites 3) calories, protein
4) there is plenty of land for raising cattle and their meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads.
5) They go wherever they want to in the streets; they can eat anything from the supplies of the foodsellers on the streets 3 Discussion Samples
1) Differences:
___ People in Northern China like noodles, jiaozi, steamed rolls, etc., while people in Southern china prefer rice.
___ People in Northern China eat a lot of Chinese cabbage (大白菜)， while people in Southern China eat a lot of other vegetables.
___ People in East China eat a lot of seafood, while people in West China eat a lot of beef and lamb.
___ People in some provinces, such as Sichuan, Hunan and Hubei, like food that tastes hot, while people in some other places in Jiangsu and Zhejiang enjoy food that tastes a little bit sweet. Reasons:
I think the differences are related to people’s tastes, the availability of foods, weather, soil and geographical conditions, etc.
2) ___ When I see people eat things I don’t like, my first reaction is disgust. I just can’t understand how people can eat such nauseating things. Sometimes I feel that people are cruel when they eat some animals which are a help to human beings.
___ I don’t mind what other people prefer eating. People can have different likes and dislikes in different aspects. Nowadays a variety of foods are available in most places of the coutry and people can have a good choice. Many of us even enjoy foods from other countries. But we have to think about our environment as well as health before eating. SARS has already taught us a good lesson in eating.
Vocabulary
1. 1) common 2) appropriate 3) forbidden 4) supplies 5) related
6) evidence 7) requires 8) raise 9) spread 10) sufficiently 2. 1) disgusting 2) habit 3) insects 4) reasonable 5) relatively 6) animals 7) harvested 8) grow 9) nearly 10) other
11) altogether 12) consumed 13) avoided 14) popular 15) offers 16) served 17) would 18) enjoyed 19) considered 20) reject 3. 1) g 2) f 3) b 4) c 5) h 6) e 7) I 8) d 9) a 10) j Translation
1. We regard him as one of the best players in the game.
2. The scientist picked up those little pieces of rock and carefully put them into a box. 3. The population of China is almost five times as large as that of the United States. 4. The reason why grass is green was once a mystery to the little boy. 5. She was standing by the window, apparently quite calm and relaxed. 6. Profits have declined as a result of the recent drop in sales. 7. She put on dark glasses as a protection against the strong light. 8. He could no longer be trusted after that incident. Part Three
Further Development
1. Jokes and Riddles About Food Step one
1) Pear. 2) Mushroom.
2 Food Proverbs
1) d: Half a loaf is better than none.有一点总比没有好。
Meaning: Even if you have only a little, it is better than none at all. 2) e: The proof of the pudding is in the eating.布丁好坏，一尝便知。
Meaning: Something new can only be judged to be good or bad after it has been tried or used. 3) b: Too many cooks spoil the broth.厨师多了烧坏汤。
Meaning: if there are too many people trying to do the same job at the same time, the job will not be done well.
4) f: One man’s meat is another man’s poison.甲之熊掌，乙之砒霜
Meaning: Something that one person likes may not be liked by someone else. 5) g: You can’t have your cake and eat it too. 两者不可兼得。
Meaning: if you eat your cake, you can’t have it. In other words, one can’t have two good things at once.
6) c: Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.不要把一切希望寄托在一件事上。
Meaning: Don’t depend completely on one thing or one course of action in order to achieve success. Or one should try alternative ways.
7) a: It’s no use crying over spilt milk.事后不要无益地后悔。
Meaning: It’s useless to waste time feeling sorry about an earlier mistake or problem that can’t be changed. 3 Preparing Food Step One Samples
1) Rice, tomato soup with eggs, some pineapple, roast chicken leg, baked beans, some apples 2) Rice, onion with eggs (fried), tomato slices with sugar, potato crisps, some milk. 3) Roast potato, fried chicken leg, tuna, tomato soup with eggs, some pineapple. 4) Six boiled eggs, some milk, baked beans, tomato soup, some apples. 5) Rice, two omelets, some tuna, some pineapple, some yogurt.
4 Eating at Cassandra’s Omitted
5 Places to Eat Omitted
6 Our Eating Habits Step Two Similarities:
___ Spend 10 to 12 hours eating in a normal week. ___ Eat three meals a day.
___ Eat a lot of fresh vegetables, fresh meat, biscuits, and chocolates. ___ Have meals in the school cafeterias most of the time. ___ Don’t cook. ___ Like fast food. Differences:
___ Food likes are different. ___ Food prepares are different. Step Three Omitted Part Four
Writing And Translation 2 Translation Practice
1) What is unusual is the fact that many students don’t eat vegetables
2) Students from the North like pasta, for example, noodles and dumplings.
3) Students brought up near the sea eat seafood, while those from West China enjoy beef and lamb.
4) What is worth mentioning is that some girls are on a diet to keep a slim figure.
5) Food likes and dislikes vary from one student to another.
6) Some students are keen on meat of all kinds, while others prefer fruits and nuts.
7) In some families, parents do most of the cooking, while in other, grandparents will take on the responsibility.
8) Generally speaking, most of the students eat at school cafeterias, but some students from wealthy families have meals in restaurants.
9) It is very surprising that some students often eat at restaurants because students don’t usually earn money,
10) Cooking, traditionally undertaken by mothers, has been often taken over by fathers nowadays. 3 Writing
Our Eating Habit
The survey shows that students usually spend little time eating. They eat three meals a day, with rice as their basic food (staple). Students from the North like pasta, for example, noodles, steamed bread, and dumplings. Most students like fresh fish, seafood and eggs. Only a few students say that they are keen on meat of all kinds. Most students eat their meals at the school cafeterias. They don’t cook at home, and some haven’t even tried cooking. Their parents or grandparents do the cooking in their families.
What is unusual is the fact that many students don’t eat vegetables. They think fruit can provide all the necessary nutrients their bodies need. With some students, milk is gradually taking the place of water and other drinks. Besides, in many families, it is now the father who does most of the cooking. The role of the mother seems to have changed a lot.
Unit 7
Vocabulary 1. 1) save
A. help someone by making it unnecessary for them to do something unpleasant or inconvenient B. keep money so that you can use it later, especially when you gradually add more money over a period of time
2) mission
A. an important job that someone has been given to do especially when they are sent to another place
B. a group of important people who are sent by their government to another country to discuss something or collect information
3) do
A. be suitable or acceptable B. cook 4) expose
A. leave something no longer covered or protected B. make known (something secret), reveal
5) modesty
A. behavior in which one avoids talking about one’s abilities, qualities, or possessions B. the quality or state of being not large in size or amount, or not expensive
6) observe
A. watch someone or something carefully B. obey (a law, rule or custom)
7) flight
A. a set of stairs between one floor and the next B. a journey in a plane or space vehicle
8) bow
A. v. bend your body over something, especially in order to see it more clearly
B. n. a knot of cloth or string with a curved part on either side, used especially for decoration
9) pick up
A. lift something up from a surface
B. learn something by watching or listening to other people
10) take
A. need or require
B. understand or interpret in a particular way 2.
1) expose: reveal 2) abrupt: sudden 3) accomplish: achieve 4) surpass: exceed 5) feasible: workable 6) assure: convince 7) discourage: dissuade 8) inevitable: unavoidable 9) farewell: goodbye 10) caution: warning 11) compliment: praise 12) honor: respect
13) proposal: suggestion 14) modify: change
15) frustration: disappointment
3. 1) with 2) arranged 3) majority
4) proportion/percentage 5) similar 6) reaches 7) including 8) background 9) parents 10) if/whether 11) who 12) both 13) meetings 14) families 15) dating 16) before 17) decision
18) parents 19) marriage 20) rate
Translation
1. If you sing the song several times, your children will (begin to) pick up the words. 2. We tried to assure the nervous old man that flying/air travel was safe.
3. An inadequate supply of vitamin A may lead to night blindness.
4. I can use a computer, but when it comes to computer repairing, I know nothing about it. 5. Many a mother tries to have her dreams realized by her daughter. 6. The bad weather discouraged people from attending the parade. 7. I gave him some pills to ease his pain.
8. The job involves traveling/working abroad three months each year.
Writing and Translation Translation Practice 1) 有志者事竟成。 2) 乱七八糟。
3) 鸟以群分，物以类聚。 4) 水火不容。
5) 有其父必有其子。 6) 眼不见，心不烦。 7) 没有不散的宴席。 8) 英雄所见略同。 9) 厨师多坏一锅汤。 10) 病从口入，祸从口出。
Writing Sample 1
Dining Customs in China
Every country has its own peculiar dining customs. The Chinese feel that the first rule of being a courteous guest is to be modest. When a person is invited to dinner, he will decline first because he is afraid it will give the host and hostess a lot of trouble preparing for it. As the host keeps on inviting him, he’ll then accept it. Usually the guest will bring some gifts to the host, such as fruit, flowers and wine. The host will immediately protest his doing so by saying, “You shouldn’t have bought the gifts. You are too polite and generous!”
When the guest sits down and starts chatting, the host offers something such as tea, candy, and fruit. The guest always says, “No, no, please don’t bother, I am not thirsty,” or “I’ll help myself to them.”
When the dinner is ready, the guests are invited to sit down first. They sit in the chairs that are facing the south, which are considered to be honored seats. After everybody is seated, the host asks the guests to start eating first because they will not eat before the host says so. The guests often avoid being eager to eat out of politeness. They usually don’t empty the dishes to show that the host has prepared more food than enough out of their hospitality. On the other
hand, the host and hostess usually prepare a lot of food to feed their guests.
When the dinner is over, guests will offer to help with the cleaning, but of course, the host and hostess will not let them do so. Instead, they will ask the guests to watch TV, drink tea, and sometimes to join a card game or Mahjong game. After some time, the guests will leave, and it is customary for the host to see the guests off. The host tries to see them off to the farthest feasible point while the guests try to discourage them from doing so. The guests will usually invite the host to their home in order to return the favor.
Sample 2
Dining Customs in China
If you are a guest in China and you’re going to have dinner with the Chinese, you should learn many things about the dining customs in China.
Before the dinner begins, the guests and the host all sit at the table. Usually the hostess is busy preparing dishes and the host will chat with the guests. The dinner will begin when everybody is present.
When the dinner begins, the host says to the guests, “Please help yourselves!” the guests usually say, “Ok! Ok!” The host starts the dinner first and the others follow. The host or hostess will bring food to the bowls of their guests to encourage them to eat as much as they can. The guests will say “No, no, you don’t have to bother” or “I’ll help myself” at the beginning and will let the host or hostess do so later on. At a Chinese table a guest should not eat too quickly to finish eating very soon. The Chinese like to talk with each other during the dinner. If someone eats without speaking to anyone else, he is considered unfriendly or impolite. So the atmosphere at the dinner table is always pleasantly noisy.
At the end of the dinner, if someone wants to leave the table, he should apologize to others for not being able to accompany them to the end and at the same time ask them to eat slowly. These are a few dinning customs in China.
Unit 8 Part Two Post-Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. 1) We are a people consumed by financial stress.
2) A. Money is a raw material to be used rather than amassed. B. “Earn all you can, save all you can, give all you can.” 3) the root of all evil
The couple in “Elias” lived a simple and happy life when they became poor. 4) A. can panic, hoard and worry.
B. a raw material to be plowed back into something else. 2. 1) F 2) F 3) F 4) O5) O 6) F 7) O 8) O 3. Discussion
1) ---I agree with this opinion, because if you plow money back into new investments, you will contribute more to society and at the same time you are likely to make more money, which
will be put to even better use. This will form a really beneficial service to yourself and others as well. It will thus promote the development of our modern society.
---I don't agree with this opinion. We make money in order to spend it, so we can get more joy from life. We can buy what we want to buy, such as beautiful clothes, delicious foods, books. If we didn’t spend money on the things we like, what’s the point of making money? Life would be all but misery and toil if we only know how to make money.
2) What he said means “work hard and earn as much as one can; do not spend it on unnecessary things, and try to save if there is no need to spend. When there is a great need for money, give all the money one has saved, so that the money can be put to a good use.”
I think what he said is quite right, but it’s difficult to follow him, especially the last point-give all you have. To earn all you can is not easy. People sometimes are lazy, and they don’t want to work too hard. As for me, I don’t want to earn all I can, because it’s too tiring. I think good health is more important than earning money. To save all you can is good, but I am not able to do so. It’s obvious that we often waste something. The last point, “to give all you can”, is the most difficult thing for most people. For selfish people, how can they give all they have earned to others? I think if you can do this, you are the best, the most unselfish person in the world, just like John Wesley.
Vocabulary
1. 1) at the top 2) cut back on 3) free from 4) all but 5) in light of 6) do us/her any good 7) keep …up 8) rather than 9) adds …to 10) pointed out 11) plowed back into 12) has much to do with
2.
1) stock
A. a supply of something for use or sale 存货，库存物
B. money lent to a government at a fixed rate of interest 公债，证券 2) order
A. ( a person in authority) tell someone to do something 命令
B. ask for (something) to be made, supplied or delivered, especially in a restaurant or shop 订制，订购
3) consume
A. if you are consumed with a feeling, you feel it very strongly and cannot forget it 为（某种思想/感情）所折磨
B. use time, energy, goods, etc.消耗；消费 4) breed
A. v. keep (animals or plants) for the purpose of producing young animals or plants 繁殖，培植 B. n. a particular type of animal or plant 品种 5) raw
A. inexperienced 不熟练的，无经验的
B. in the natural state, not yet treated for use 未经加工的 6) stress
A. extra force used in speaking a particular word or syllable 重读，重音
B. continuous feelings of worry about your work or personal life, which prevent you from relaxing 持续的压力；忧虑；紧张 7) philosophy
A. the study of the nature and meaning of existence, truth, good and evil, etc. 哲学
B. set of beliefs or an outlook in life that is a guiding principle for behavior 生活的信念或原则 8) recall
A. bring (something/someone) back into the mind 回忆 B. order someone to return (from a place) 召回
9) net
A. adj. remaining when nothing more is to be taken away 净的
B. n. something that is make of threads woven across each other with regular spaces between them网 10) put A. write 写
B. convey one’s ideas 传递思想
11) confirm
A. check that a possible arrangement is now definite 确认 B. show that something is definitely true 证实 12) spin
A. (make something) turn round and round extremely quickly （使„„）旋转 B) make cotton, wool, etc. into thread by twisting it纺纱，纺线
Translation
1. I feel I should point out how dangerous it is.
2. Their opinion will not affect my decision.
3. When it comes to modern art, few people know more than Tom does. 4. When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire.
5. The cough medicine tastes nice, but it doesn’t do me much good. 6. If we can’t sell more goods, we’ll have to cut back on the production. 7. The film is all but three hours long.
8. I assure you that it is true, lest anyone (should) think my story strange.
Part Three
1. vocabulary
1) A. nothing but B. all but C. anything but
“nothing but” means “only”, “all but” mans “almost” and “anything but” means “not…at all”. 2) A. rare B. scarce C. rare
“rare” things are uncommon and often valuable. Things that you need and are difficult to find or get, though they may at other times be available, are “scarce”. Events that do not happen often are “rare”.
3) A. assume B. consumes C. consumed
To “assume” is to think that something is true though you have no proof of it. To “consume” energy, goods, etc. is to use them. If you are “consumed” with a feeling, you feel it very strongly and cannot forget it.
4) A. conscious B. conscience C. conscious
Your “conscience” is the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong. The word “conscious” is an adjective that cannot be used before a noun. If you
are conscious of something, you notice or realize it. It can also mean “awake and able to understand what is happening around you”. 5) A. breed B. breeds C. bleeding
A “breed” is particular type of animal or plant, or a type of person. This word, if used as a verb, can mean “cause or produce a particular feeling or condition”. The word “bleed” means “lose blood, especially because of an injury”. 6) A. factor B. facts C. factor
A “fact” is a piece of information that is known to be true while a “factor” is one of several things that influence or cause a situation. 7) A. excessive B. excess C. excess
“Excessive” is an adjective, meaning “much more than is reasonable or necessary”. “Excess” can be both used as a noun and an adjective. As a noun, it mans “a larger amount of something than is allowed or needed”. As an adjective, it can only be used before a noun, meaning “additional and not wanted or needed because there is already enough of something”. The phrase “in excess of” means “more than”.
8) A. resolution B. solution C. resolution
The word “resolution” means “a formal decision or statement agreed on by a group of people, especially after vote” or “a promise to yourself to do something”, which is different from the meaning of the word “solution”. However, both of them can mean “the way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation”.
Part Four Translation
1） 金钱万能。
2） 钱烧口袋漏，一有就不留。 3） 有钱能使鬼推磨。
4） 蠢人不积财。 5） 省钱就是赚钱。
6） 积少成多，集腋成裘。/小事谨慎，大事自成。 7） 勒紧裤腰带。 8） 挥金如土 9） 花大价钱 10） 收支相抵 11） 精打细算 12） 亏空
Writing
1) Money in a Student’s Life Sample 1
In students’ life, there are two main things. One is studying, and the other is daily life. In our studies, money is very important and necessary. We must pay the tuition fee to go to college. If we want to join in some activities, we have to pay some fees, for example, one yuan for an hour of computer use. We also need money to buy reference books. In daily life we spend money on food, clothes and other necessary articles. Sometimes we also spend money on tapes,
films, etc. when we spend money we’ll pause and think: “is it necessary to spend money on it?” At university, we don’t live with our parents, we have to budget our money by ourselves. We need to know in what cases we must spend it and in what cases we mustn’t.
There are some students among us who think that earning a lot of money is more important than studying. That’s a one-sided view. Knowledge is priceless. Money in students’ life is not the primary thing we care about. Sample 2
Money is important for everybody, so it is for us students. If we don’t have money, we wouldn’t be able to study at the university in the first place.
Almost everything depends on money. For us, we have to buy food, clothes, books, CDs, stamps, etc. We also have to pay for the different courses we are taking besides tuition, because some of the fees are not covered by the tuition. We have to budget our money; otherwise, we’ll have no money left at the end of the month or the semester. Many parents give their children money once for a whole semester, not on a monthly basis, so budgeting is essential. Many students borrow money from their classmates, but are unable to pay it back. Some of the students work part-time in order to relieve the financial burden of their families since their families is not wealthy. But I think this will affect their studies. So it’s better for us to save money so that we can study well. 2) Money and Happiness
Sample 1
Money is very important in our lives. Many people think that when you have money you can be happy. That means if a person is poor, he can never be happy.
In my opinion, money is important for food, clothing, sheltere and transportation. Without money, we could have done nothing. But htat does not mean that only the rich are happy. Rich people are too busy earning money so they can not enjou life. They are constantly worrying about losing money all the time, so he won’t be happy either.
The rally happy person is one who has enough money so that he can do whatever he wants. He is not crazy for money and is content with life.
Sample 2
Money is very important. Without money we would have no house to live in, no clothes to wear, no food to feed ourselves. If one has no money, one has to work hard to earn money. All one thinks about is how to make money. That makes a person nervous and tired. Certainly, it doesn't make you feel happy. But if we care too much about money, we’ll become slaves of money. After all, money is not everything. Money can’t buy friendship, respect, knowledge, etc. If a wealthy person is selfish and has no mercy on others he will have no friends and will be lonely and will never be happy about his life. Happiness means not only comfortable living conditions but also mental satisfaction. I think, only those who don’t have to worry about money and can spend money on others easily are really happy people. Thomas Edison was one of them.
Unit 9
post-Reading
Reading Comprehension
1. Understanding the Structure of the First Part of the Passage (para. 1—7). 2. Identifying the Main Idea of the Second Part (para. 8—9). 1) personal sources 2) media
3) (relatively low influence from) parents and peers 4) (more from) friends and (less from) parents 3. Understanding Specific Information
1)F 2)T 3)F 4)T 5) T 6) T 7) F 8) T 4. Shopping Decisions in My Family
Sample
In my home, my mother is always the one who does shopping. She buys groceries every other day and puts the meat and vegetables for the following day in the refrigerator. She likes to go to the grocery store around 9 o'clock in the morning when it is not the rush hour. When she goes to the market, she doesn't like to bargain with vendors, she thinks it's a waste of time. According to her, the money saved is not worth the effort. Time is money!
For major purchases, we usually go together as a family, so that I can have a word as to which brand to buy. Once we bought a TV set. During the process of decision making, my mother wanted to buy a TV set made by a local factory so that we could have better service if anything went wrong with it. But I insisted on buying a different brand that was of better quality. But the manufacturer was in another city. I tried to convince my parents that with a high quality product, it would save us a lot of trouble and time in maintenance. And if the quality was poor, we wouldn't feel happy to enjoy the good after-sale service. Finally, my parents agreed with me and bought the one I suggested.
Vocabulary
1. l)b 2) a 3) a 4) a 5)b 6)b 7)b 8) a
2. 1) survey 2) consideration 3) perceive 4) tend 5) campaign 6) relatively 7) primary 8) criteria 3.
1) A. bands B. brand
bands: small groups of musicians who play music brand: a particular trademark of goods 2) A. economy B. economics
economy: the wealth a country gets from business and industry
economics: the study of the way in which money, industry, and trade are organized in a society 3) A. adolescents B. Adults
adolescents: persons who are no longer children but who have not yet become adults adults: persons grown to full size and strength
4) A. campaign B. movement
campaign: a planned set of activities that people carry out over a period of time in order to achieve
something such as social or political change
movement: an organized effort by supporters of a common goal
5) A. contemporary B. modem
contemporary: happened at the same time as something else you are talking about modern: using the most recent ideas and methods 6) A. ripe B. mature
ripe: (of fruit or crops) fully developed; ready to be collected or eaten
mature: behave in a sensible and reasonable way, as you would expect an adult to behave ? Translation
1. All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure. 2. Such behavior may result in the executive being fired/asked to leave.
3. Our products compete with those of other factories in terms of quality, reliability and above all, variety.
4. The team's performance was greatly affected by the heavy rain. 5. I appreciate your reasons for objecting to the proposal.
6. To some extent, she should be responsible for the accident.
7. I'm uneasy at/deeply troubled by the thought that life is just too comfortable. 8. Women tend to live longer than men.
PART THREE Further development
3. An Effective Complaint Letter Dear Mr. Hamson,
Jan. 10,2005,1 purchaseds a Speedo Vacuum Cleaner Model XYZ from The Floor Store, 212 Main Street, Columbus, N. J. 1) (A copy of the receipt is enclosed.) 2) Unfortunately, I have had problems with both the product and the service I have received.
Specifically, I have the following complaints: 3)
First, the vacuum doesn't work efficiently to pick up dust or dirt on either bare floors or carpets. Even after I have gone over the same area several times, the dirt remains. The power shuts off by itself when the vacuum has been running for several minutes, then comes back on after 30 to 60 seconds.
Second, when I went back to at the Floor Store, I was told that because the vacuum was on sale, I could not exchange or return it, which I was not told when I made the purchase. I was also treated
rudely by the salesman, Robert Rule, and then by the manager, Alfred Adams.
I am requesting that you provide me with a new vacuum cleaner, on condition that if this one proves to be unacceptable, I will receive a refund. 4) I also ask that you investigate the business practices of the First Store, as they are poor representatives of your company.
I can be reached during the day at (806) 827-9318 or after six in the evening at (806) 444-2897.
5) May I hear from you before March?
Yours truly,
John Smith
4 Making a Complaint 1) Sample
broken switches; poor quality sound; faulty winding/rewinding; broken case;
faulty recording system 2) Sample
C=Customer S=Shop Assistant S: What can I do for you?
C: I want to return the tape recorder. S: I'm sorry. What's -wrong with it?
C: I bought it here a week ago. I have hardly used it, but it doesn't work any more. Here is the receipt. S: What's the problem?
C: There are two things wrong with it. One is that it won't rewind. The other is that the sound is not clear. It's very noisy.
S: Let me see. No, you are right. It doesn't work very well. But I'm afraid I will have to ask the manager. Could you please leave your name and telephone number so that I can contact you later?
C: Yes, this is my business card. But would you please give me a copy of the receipt I gave you and write down my two complaints? I would like to have a new tape recorder. I don't want that one back.
S: I'll get you a copy immediately and I'll write your complaints on it. I'll tell the manager you want a new tape recorder. C: Thank you.
Supplementary Activity:
Directions: There are five consumer rights. See which group can get all of them correct. Key:
1. The right to choose
Consumers have the right to make an intelligent choice among several products and services. 2. The right to information
Consumers have the right to accurate and complete information about all products in order to make a free choice. 3. The right to safety the consumers' health and safety into consideration. 4. The right to be heard Consumers have the right to register dissatisfaction and have a complaint heard when their interests are badly served. 5. The right to consumer education Consumers have the right to specific information regarding consumer affairs in order to maximize their power in the marketplace. 5 What to Buy Samples — I would first buy a set of Jin Yong' s novels without doubt. Though I have already had a good knowledge of his famous novels and even some details of the characters in his books, I really appreciate his books and would like to have a set of my own. It is well worth buying for me, and it is just like an old friend who can remind me of my happy childhood occasionally. Besides, I'd like to buy some DVDs and some books which I have been dreaming of. I like movies, old and modem as well as those classic novels. — To me, a mobile phone nowadays has truly become a necessity especially for students away… Part Four WRITING AND TRANSLATION 2 Translation Practice 1) Real bargains are beneficial to customers. Consumers are willing to buy products of (a) high quality at a low price. However, some bargains in some shops are poor in quality. Consumers will be cheated if they buy them. Therefore, one has to be careful in buying bargains. It may take him a lot of time to hunt for real bargains. In addition, what the purchasers should pay attention to is that they shouldn't buy things they don't need though they are bargains. Otherwise, they are just wasting money. 2) Shopping is closely related to media. A lot of the consumers buy products under the influence of advertisements. These ads provide people with all kinds of information about different items. No wonder manufacturers spend a lot of money to advertise their products through various media. Nowadays, Internet, as a new medium, is playing a more and more important role in shopping. It is faster, easier and more convenient. Shopping on the Net is likely here to stay. H Writing i) on bargains Sample 1 Bargains are products that are reduced in price. Some bargains are real bargains, because they are cheaper in price but the quality is quite good. Some bargains are of very poor quality because the shopkeeper merely marks prices higher than normal and then marks them down. This is, in fact, a trick to cheat customers. I think this kind of bargain is bad and should be prohibited. But I like real bargains. It is important to be able to buy goods you want with less money. But it takes a lot of time, you have to hunt for bargains. Once I bought a pair of leather shoes at half price.I felt very happy. But sometimes I feel cheated when the shop assistant says that the original price was 300 yuan, for example, but now it's only 100 yuan and I know he is not telling the truth. Some customers who cannot resist the temptation will buy the product. Later when they find out that they have been cheated, they will be very angry. In a word, bargains are good if they are real bargains. However one has to be careful in buying bargains. It's also wise never to buy anything you don't really need just because it's cheap. Unit10 Reading Comprehension 2. Understanding Specific Information 1)T 2)F 3)T 4)T 5)F 6) T 7) T 8) T —taiji. ? Vocabulary 1. 1) document \"* A. n. a paper that provides information, especially of an official kind B. v. write about something, film it, or take photographs of it, in order to record information about it 2) distance A. n. the amount of space between two points or places B. v. separate (especially oneself), especially in the mind or feelings 3) reverse A. n. the opposite; the other way round B. v. change to the opposite trend 4) function A. n. the purpose of a person or thing fh^ B. v. work; operate 5) chemical A. adj. of, connected with, used in, or made by chemistry B. n. a substance which is an element or a combination of elements 6) key A. adj. very important or essential B. n. something that provides access, control or understanding 2. 1)A 2)B 3)B 4) A 5) B 6) A 7)B 8)B 9)B 10) B 11) A 12) B 1) A. continue in a certain state B. remain or continue in the same place; not depart or change 2) A. the body organ that pumps blood through the body B. the central, innermost or most important part of something 3) A. have as a necessary part or result B. include or affect (someone/something) in its operation 4) A. help to grow or develop B. make (someone) feel brave enough or confident enough to do something, especially by giving active approval 5) A. give work to somebody, usually for payment B. (format) make use of 6) A. person's way of looking at life, etc., mental attitude B. what seems likely to happen; future prospects 7) A. one after the other B. as a result of something 8) A. feeling that one would like to sleep or rest B. having lost interest or patience 9) A. without any companions B. (folowing a noun or pronoun) only; exclusively 10) A. a set of instructions for preparing a particular kind of food B. (used in the expression \"be a recipe for\") be likely to cause a particular result 11) A. in spite of that; nevertheless B. in a greater amount or degree, even 12) A. any of the foods that are combined to make a particular dish B. a quality or qualities you need to achieve something 3. l) fit Healthy and fit both indicate that a person is physically strong and rarely suffers from any physical illness. Healthy also refers to conditions which are good for somebody's health, or the outward signs of somebody having good health. Fit suggests that someone is in good physical condition particularly as a result of taking regular exercise. 2) technology technique: [C] a specific way of doing something, usually involving some skill technology: [U] the general use of scientific knowledge for practical purposes 3) efficient efficient: working well, quickly, and without waste effective: producing the desired result 4)chance chance: possibility; (degree of) likelihood that something will happen, especially something desirable risk: danger, possibility that something harmful or undesirable may happen 5) aspect aspect: a particular side of a many-sided situation, idea, plan, etc. respect: a detail, a particular point 6) anxious stressed: feeling of tension and anxiety resulting from pressure caused by the problems of living, too much work, etc. anxious: nervous or worried about something, for example that something bad might happen 7) decreasing reduce: vt. make less in size, amount, price, degree, etc. decrease: v. (cause to) become less in size, amount, strength, or quality 8) depend on depend on: vary according to, be decided by rely on: trust (especially that something will happen or someone will do something), have confidence in ? Translation ? 1. We can go to the seven o'clock performance or the eight—whichever suits you best. 2. Men are generally supposed to be strong, but most women know that the reverse is often true. 3. He was released from prison after serving two years of a five-year sentence. 4. You look equally nice in both dresses—I don't know which one to advise you to buy. 5. This candidate has an impressively diverse range of interests and experience. 6. The child suddenly let go of her hand and ran across the street. 7. The result of the competition will depend largely on the opinions of the judges. 8. I'm tired of you telling me what to do all the time. 我们偶尔会感到伤心、愤怒、恐惧以及沮丧。这些情感会藏在心里，并继续在我们内 心起作用。这些没有得以表达的情感最终会表现出来。比如伤心，可以由眼泪来表示，无 论是流出来了还足没有流出来，眼泪依然存在。我们的伤心没有得以表达时，眼泪留在体 内，身体就会膨胀，实际上会使我们体重增加。愤怒、沮丧的情感受压抑的话，则会导致* 暴力行为，正如恐惧和抑郁会导致自我封闭甚至自杀。埋藏在心里的仇恨往往台使人内心 愤怒，从而成疾。我们的情感直接影响我们的身体健康。我们可以控制自己的思维，我们 可以享受身心健康。这个过程从概念上来讲很简单，而且也是很有可能的，前提是我们要。 遵循那些幸运的规律。 。 @ Writing 1) How to Manage Stress Sample 1 As university students, we are lucky to have a chance to leam more things. And college life is beautiful. Btat college is not students' paradise. We must face many difficulties which come from not only our study, but also our daily lives. These difficulties bear down on us with the weight of Mount Tai. The stress is harmful to students' health. We must manage it. Here is how: You can speak out or write down your stress. When you are depressed, you can tell one of your intimate friends all your troubles. Then he or she will give you a few words of comfort. You will feel better after that. Also you can write down all your troubles, and read them again and again. When you are bored with them, you will worry less about them. If you don't like speaking or writing, you can go out with your friends. You can go camping, fishing, swimming, skating and things like that. But you must throw yourself into it. Then you will be happy and forget all your stress. You may be tired after that, and you will sleep like a log till broad daylight. The next day, everything will be all right. Remember that stress is dangerous to your health, but you can manage it. Why not start now? (220 words) Soxiple 2 There are all kinds of stress in our daily lives such as stress from work, stress from study and stress from examinations. How to manage stress is thus a very important problem that we have to deal with properly. I think stress itself doesn't exist. It's only because we consider things to be bad and regard all of them as our own fault and won't forgive ourselves. As we all know, there is nothing you can do without error. So it's impossible to expect everything to be perfect. If we have done our best, although not successfully, there is nothing to regret. And we don't have to blame ourselves continuously. In fact we have done a quite good job. Then we will feel the stress less. We will stay healthy and do well in the future. Eventually we will be successful. (141 words) 2) How to Stay Healthy sample 1 Everyone wants to be healthy. But not all of us know how to stay healthy. To stay healthy, you must not eat too much fat. This is the best way to lower the amount of cholesterol in the blood. To stay healthy, you should spend more time playing basketball, volleyball, and so on. Exercise is essential. It helps to build our bodies and keep the different parts of our bodies working together. To stay healthy, you must take care of yourself. You should pay attention to the things that you are doing. To stay healthy, you must get rid of bad habits such as smoking and excessive drinking. It really is never too late to quit smoking or heavy drinking. To stay healthy, you should have a good hobby. If you are not interested in anything, it means that you have more chances to fall ill. Every person has his or her own way to stay healthy. These are only some of the common ways that everyone can follow. sample 2. Now we are all far away from our families, so a healthy body is crucial for us. But how do we stay healthy? The following is my opinion. Firstly, develop good living habits. At the proper time do the proper things, such as eating, sleeping, exercising, and studying. Keep at it, and you'll do more and better things within a limited time. Secondly, exercise is a traditional way to keep healthy and it is extremely effective. Being students, we have to sit at our desks for most of the day. If we don't spare some time for exercise, fat, as well as some toxic substances, will accumulate in our body, and cause us much trouble. In addition, exercise is a good way for us to release our emotions. There are so many unpleasant things on campus that we have to taste all kinds of bitterness. When you feel depressed, you may go to the playground and run as fast as possible. When you feel tired, you'll find that bitterness is merely a piece of cake. The future is still splendid. 3) Emotions and Health Everyone wants to be healthy, but what affects health? Health is connected not only with food but also with emotions. There is an old saying: Laughter is the best medicine. Experiments show that when one is angry, there are various kinds of toxic substances produced in the blood. It can do great harm to one's health. Most people who live long are often in a good mood. And they are mostly optimists or realists. Many doctors and psychologists now realize that good emotions sometimes can be of more help to one's health than medicine. If a patient always thinks that he is sure to die, how can he try to fight off his disease? \"Smile a happy smile and one will be ten years younger.\" That may be a bit exaggerated. But emotions really have something to do with health. (140 words) 因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容