一、外刊阅读：完型填空
Machines or learning
The classic model of education—a burst at the start and top-ups through company training—is (41) ______. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing (42) ______ calls for brain work rather than metal-bashing. The (43) ______ of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015. The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.
Pushing people into ever-higher levels of (44) ______ education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope. Just 16% of Americans think that a four-year college degree (45) ______ students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with (46) ______ training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less (47) ______.
At the same time on-the-job training is (48) ______. In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life to (49) ______ a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards youngsters.
The market is (50) ______ to enable workers to learn and earn in new ways. Providers from General Assembly to Pluralsight are building businesses on the (51) ______ of boosting and rebooting careers. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have veered away from lectures on Plato or black holes in favour of courses that make their students more employable. At Udacity and Coursera self-improvers pay for cheap, short programmes that bestow “microcredentials” and “nanodegrees” in, say, self-driving cars or the Android operating system. By offering degrees online, universities are (52) ______ it easier for professionals to burnish their skills. A single master’s programme from Georgia Tech could expand the annual output of computer-science master’s degrees in America by close to 10%.
Such efforts demonstrate how to interleave careers and learning. But left to its own devices, this nascent market will mainly serve those who already have (53) ______. It is easier to learn later in life if you enjoyed the classroom first time around: about 80% of the learners on Coursera already have degrees. Online learning requires some IT literacy, yet one in four adults in the OECD has no or limited (54) ______ of computers. Skills atrophy unless they are used, but many low-end jobs give workers little (55) ______ to practise them.(405) (Economists 20170214 P9)
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41. A.referring to B.applying for C.coming across D.breaking down 42. A.increasingly B.obviously C.strangely D.subsequently 43. A.shift B.share C.show D.shelf 44. A.objective B.entire C.formal D.final 45. A.decorate B.prepares C.develop D.provide 46. A.detailed B.complicated C.specialized D.transformed 47. A.adaptable B.accessible C.available D.acceptable 48. A.ending B.escaping C.decreasing D. shrinking 49. A.persuade B. refuse C.pursue D.search 50. A.developing B.analyzing C.innovating D.producing 51. A.promise B.story C.advice D.context 52. A.costing B.making C.counting D.warning 53. A. ranges B.distinctions C.connections D.advantages 54. A.rand B.experience C.exposure D.possession 55. A.trend B.sign C.possibility D.chance 二、参考答案DABCB CADCC ABDBD 三、原文链接 2017年2月14日《经济学人》 P9 四、核心词汇
adaptable innovating shrinking pursue boost exposure 拓展变形为 adapt
adaptabilities adaptability adaptable adaptation adaptations adapted adapter adapters adapting adaption adaptive adaptor adaptors adapts
maladaptive unadapted
2
boost
boosted booster boosters boosting boosts expose
exposed exposes exposing exposure exposures unexposed
innovate
innovated innovates innovating innovation innovations innovator innovators innovatory pursue
pursued pursuer pursuers pursues pursuing shrink shrank shrinkable shrinkage shrinkages shrinking shrinks shrunk shrunken
3
五、原文翻译
Machines or learning
机器或学习
The classic model of education—a burst at the start and top-ups through company training—is breaking down. One reason is the need for new, and constantly updated, skills. Manufacturing increasingly calls for brain work rather than metal-bashing. The share of the American workforce employed in routine office jobs declined from 25.5% to 21% between 1996 and 2015. The single, stable career has gone the way of the Rolodex.
经典的教育模式——在初创企业和通过公司培训获得成功的公司之间的爆发式发展正在瓦解。一个原因是需要不断更新的新技能。制造业越来越需要脑力劳动而不是金属敲击。1996年至2015年间，美国在日常办公室工作中的就业比例从25.5%降至21%。单身、稳定的职业生涯已经走上了罗乐德斯的老路。
Pushing people into ever-higher levels of formal education at the start of their lives is not the way to cope. Just 16% of Americans think that a four-year college degree prepares students very well for a good job. Although a vocational education promises that vital first hire, those with specialized training tend to withdraw from the labour force earlier than those with general education—perhaps because they are less adaptable.
在人们刚开始接受正规教育的时候，把他们推向更高的水平并不是解决问题的办法。只有16%的美国人认为四年制的大学学位能让学生很好地准备好一份好工作。尽管职业教育承诺了至关重要的第一次雇佣，但受过专门培训的人往往比受过普通教育的人更早地退出劳动力市场，也许是因为他们的适应能力较差。
At the same time on-the-job training is shrinking. In America and Britain it has fallen by roughly half in the past two decades. Self-employment is spreading, leaving more people to take responsibility for their own skills. Taking time out later in life to pursue a formal qualification is an option, but it costs money and most colleges are geared towards youngsters.
与此同时，在职培训正在减少。在过去20年里，美国和英国的失业率下降了大约一半。自营职业正在蔓延，让更多的人为自己的技能负责。在以后的生活中抽出时间去追求一个正式的资格是一种选择，但这需要花费金钱，而且大多数大学都是面向年轻人的。
The market is innovating to enable workers to learn and earn in new ways. Providers from General Assembly to Pluralsight are building businesses on the promise of boosting and rebooting careers. Massive open online courses (MOOCs) have veered away from lectures on Plato or black holes in favour of courses that make their students more employable. At Udacity and Coursera self-improvers pay for cheap, short programmes that bestow “microcredentials” and “nanodegrees” in, say, self-driving cars or the Android operating system. By offering degrees online, universities are making it easier for professionals to burnish their skills. A single master’s programme from Georgia Tech could expand the annual output of computer-science master’s degrees in America by close to 10%.
4
市场正在创新，使工人能够以新的方式学习和挣钱。从联合国大会到Pluralsight的供应商都在承诺促进和重新启动职业生涯的基础上建立业务。大规模的在线开放课程已经从柏拉图或黑洞的课程转向了使学生更具就业能力的课程。在Udacity和Coursera，自我提升者们花钱购买便宜、简短的程序，比如说，在自动驾驶汽车或安卓操作系统中提供“微芯片”和“纳米级”。通过在线提供学位，大学使专业人士更容易磨练他们的技能。佐治亚理工大学的一个硕士项目可以使美国计算机科学硕士学位的年产量增加近10%。
Such efforts demonstrate how to interleave careers and learning. But left to its own devices, this nascent market will mainly serve those who already have advantages. It is easier to learn later in life if you enjoyed the classroom first time around: about 80% of the learners on Coursera already have degrees. Online learning requires some IT literacy, yet one in four adults in the OECD has no or limited experience of computers. Skills atrophy unless they are used, but many low-end jobs give workers little chance to practise them.
这些努力展示了如何将职业和学习交叉起来。但如果任由它自己决定，这个新兴市场将主要服务于那些已经拥有优势的人。如果你第一次喜欢课堂，以后的学习会更容易：大约80%的课程学习者已经有了学位。在线学习需要一定的信息技术素养，然而经合组织四分之一的成年人没有或有限的计算机经验。除非使用技能，否则技能会萎缩，但许多低端工作给工人很少机会练习。
六、拓展阅读
Top 5 Possible Limitations Of Online Learning
If eLearning, however, is not based on solid instructional design theories and models it may lead to the following limitations:
1.It may be a \"solo\" act.
It is true that, although online learning might be convenient and flexible, it is also a solo act. It will not be easy for all of your learners to feel comfortable when participating in online discussions and engaging more actively with their online instructors or their virtual classmates. Furthermore, some people absolutely need personal contact with their educators or trainers in order to learn successfully. Constructive feedback can be very effective, but if not given properly or in time, it might also be limited. In addition, some types of learning problems may be difficult to be addressed online, and some questions can be lost in a sea of requests and inquiries. This sometimes makes learners feel they lack support and reassurance. 2.It may be impersonal.
No matter how hard we try to fully transfer human communication to online platforms, no matter how natural it seems to form relationships behind computer screens, a virtual environment is just not human. Nothing can replace human contact. Too much time spent in front of a computer screen may be harmful.
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Being constantly online is the new reality, but the truth is that using a computer or a tablet all the time can cause poor vision, strain injuries, and other physical problems. Consider sending guidelines about right sitting posture, desk height, etc. along with your eLearning course; it might be very useful to your audience. 3.It requires self-discipline.
If your eLearning audience lacks self-discipline, it is unlikely that they will be motivated to self study. Traditional learning and training have the benefit of easily tracking both progress and falling behind; this works for many learners as well, as some people prefer their progress to be closely monitored in order to perform. 4.Possible lack of control.
No matter how carefully you design your eLearning course, there is no guarantee that your messages will get across. You offer your learners control over their eLearning experience and this is great, but are they going to use it effectively? There is always the risk of your learners just going through the material without paying any attention. If your eLearning content is not built to make the most of the medium it will easily become disengaging. Furthermore, unless you know exactly what you’re doing with new technologies, it is very likely that you overwhelm or distract your audience. Creating effective online learning courses requires knowledge, time, experience, talent, commitment, great communication skills, and a true passion for learning. Have you got all that? If the answer is yes, then be sure that the advantages of your online training, outweigh its limitations. （466）
核心词汇拓展
absolute absolutely absolutes absolutism absolutist absolutists act acted acting action actionable actioned actioning actions actor actors actress
actresses
acts inaction unactioned active actively activism activist activists activities activity inactive inactivity add added adding addition
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additional
additionality additionally additions additive additives adds address addressed addressee addressees addresses addressing
advantage advantaged advantageous advantageously
advantages advantaging answer answerable answered answering answers unanswerable unanswered assure assurance assurances assured assuredly assurer assurers assures assuring reassurance reassurances reassure reassured reassures reassuring reassuringly attention attentional attentions inattention audience audiences base based baseless baser bases basest basing
become
became becomes becoming benefit benefited benefiting benefits benefitted benefitting build builder builders building buildings builds built prebuilt rebuild rebuilding rebuilds rebuilt unbuilt care cared careful carefully carefulness careless carelessly carelessness carer carers cares caring uncared uncaring cause causation causative
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caused
causes causing classmate classmates close closely closeness closer closest comfort comfortable comfortably comforted comforting comfortingly comforts uncomfortable uncomfortably uncomforted commit commitment commitments commits committal committals committed committing uncommitted
communicate communicated communicates communicating communication communications communicative communicatively communicator communicators
uncommunicative computer computable computation computational computationally computations compute computed computerisation computerise computerised computerises computerising computerization computerize computerized computerizes computerizing computers computes computing consider consideration considerations considered considering consideringly considers reconsider reconsideration reconsiderations reconsidered reconsidering reconsiders unconsidered constant constantly constants inconstantly
construct
constructed constructing construction constructional constructions constructive constructively constructivist constructivists constructor constructors constructs reconstruct reconstructed reconstructing reconstruction reconstructions reconstructs unreconstructed contact contactable contacted contacting contacts uncontactable content contents control controllable controlled controller controllers controlling controls uncontrollable uncontrollably uncontrolled
convenient conveniently
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inconvenient
inconveniently course courses create created creates creating creation creations creative creatively creativity creator creators recreate recreated recreates recreating design designed designer designers designing designs difficult difficulties difficulty discipline disciplinarian disciplinary disciplined disciplines disciplining indiscipline interdisciplinary undisciplined discuss
discussed discusses discussing discussion discussions undiscussed disengage disengaged disengagement disengagements disengages disengaging distract distracted distractedly distracter distracters distracting distractingly distraction distractions distractor distractors distracts easy easier easiest easily easiness educate educated educates educating education educational educationalist educationalists educationally educationist educationists
educations
educative educator educators miseducated uneducated effective effectively effectiveness ineffective ineffectively ineffectiveness ineffectivenesses engage engaged engagement engagements engages engaging engagingly
environment environmental environmentalism environmentalist environmentalists environmentally environments exact exactly exactness inexact inexactness
experience experienced experiences experiencing experiential experientially inexperience
9
inexperienced
fall fallen falling falls fell feedback feedbacks feel feeler feelers feeling feelings feels felt unfeeling flexible flexibility flexibly inflexibility inflexible inflexibly follow ff followed follower followers following follows form formed forming formless formlessness forms preform preformed preforming
preforms unformed front forefront forefronts frontage frontages frontal frontally fronted fronting frontmost fronts frontwards full fuller fullest fullness fully get gets getting got gotten give gave gimme given giver givers gives giving ungiven go goer goers goes goin going
goings
gone goner goners gonna gunna went great greater greatest greatly greatness greats guarantee guaranteed guaranteeing guarantees guideline guidelines hard harden hardened hardener hardeners hardening hardens harder hardest hardness hardship hardships harm harmed harmful harmfully harmfulness harming harmless harmlessly
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harms
unharmed height heights human humanism humanist humanistic humanists humanity humanly humanness humans inhuman inhumanity nonhuman nonhumans impersonal impersonality impersonally in inner innermost inward inwardly inwardness inwards injure injured injures injuries injuring injurious injury uninjured inquire inquired inquirer
inquirers inquires inquiries inquiring inquiry instruct instructed instructing instruction instructional instructionally instructions instructive instructively instructor instructors instructs know knew knowable knowed knowing knowingly known knows unknowable unknowing unknowingly unknown unknowns
knowledge knowledgable knowledgeable knowledgeably knowledges lack lacked lacking lacks
lead
leader leaderless leaders leadership leaderships leading leads led mislead misleading misleadingly misleads misled learn learned learnedly learner learners learning learns learnt relearn relearned relearning relearns unlearn unlearned likely likelier likeliest likelihood unlikeliest unlikely limit limitation limitations limited limiting limitless limitlessly
11
limits
ltd unlimited lose loser losers loses losing lost make made maker makers makes making makings remade remake remakes remaking unmade unmake material materialism materialisms materialist materialistic materialistically materialists materiality materially materials matter mattered mattering matters medium mediums
message messages messaging model modeled modeler modelers modeling modelled modeller modellers modelling models monitor monitored monitoring monitors unmonitored motive motivate motivated motivates motivating motivation motivational motivations motivator motivators motiveless motives unmotivated nature natural naturalism naturalist naturalistic naturalistically naturalists naturally naturalness
natured
naturedly natures unnatural unnaturally new newer newest newish newly newness renew renewable renewables renewal renewals renewed renewing renews offer offered offeree offerees offerer offerers offering offerings offeror offerors offers order ordered ordering orderlies orderliness orderly orders reorder reordered reordering reorders
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unordered
other otherness others outweigh outweighed outweighing outweighs
overwhelm overwhelmed overwhelming overwhelmingly overwhelms
participate participated participates participating participation participations participative participatory passion passionate passionately passionless passions pay paid payable payed payee payees payer payers paying payment payments pays
prepaid prepay prepayment prepayments unpaid people peopled peoples peopling perform performance performances performed performer performers performing performs person interpersonal personal personalism personalistic personally personhood persons physical physicality physically platform platforms poor poorer poorest poorly poorness possible impossibility
impossible
impossibly possibilities possibility possibles possibly posture postural postured postures posturing posturings prefer preferable preferably preference preferences preferential preferentially preferment preferments preferred preferring prefers unpreferred problem problematic problematical problematically problems unproblematic progress progressed progresses progressing progression progressions progressive progressively progressives
13
proper improper improperly properly question questionable questionably questioned questioner questioners questioning questioningly questions unquestionability unquestionable unquestionably unquestioned unquestioning unquestioningly real realism realisms realist realistic realistically realists realities reality unreal unrealistic unrealistically unreality relate interrelate interrelated interrelates interrelating interrelation interrelations interrelationship
interrelationships related relatedness relates relating relation relational relations relationship relationships unrelated replace irreplaceable replaceable replaced replacement replacements replacer replacers replaces replacing request requested requester requesters requesting requests require required requirement requirements requires requiring right righthand righthanded righthander righthanders rightist rightists
rightmost
risk risked riskier riskiest riskiness risking riskless risks risky screen screened screening screenings screens sea seas seaward seawards seem seemed seeming seemingly seems self selfhood selfish selfishly selfishness selfless selflessly selflessness selves unselfish unselfishly unselfishness send sender
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senders
sending sends sent unsent sit resat resit resits resitting sat sits sitter sitters sittin sitting sittings skill skilful skilfully skilled skillful skillfully skilling skills unskilfully unskilled unskillfully solid solidification solidified solidifies solidify solidifying solidities solidity solidly solids solo soloed
soloing soloist soloists solos spend misspent spender spenders spending spends spent unspent strain strained strainer strainers straining strains study studied studies studious studiously studying success successes successful successfully unsuccessful unsuccessfully support supported supporter supporters supporting supportive supports unsupported
sure
surely sureness surer surest unsure tablet tablets talent talented talents untalented
technology tech technological technologically technologies technologist technologists theory theories theorist theorists time anytime timed timeless timelessness timeliness timely timer timers times timing timings untimed untimeliness untimely
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top
topless topmost topped topper toppers topping toppings tops untopped track tracked tracker trackers tracking trackless tracks tradition trad traditional traditionalism traditionalist traditionalists traditionally traditions train trained trainee trainees trainer trainers training trains untrained transfer transferability transferable transferee transferees transference
transferer transferers transferor transferors transferral transferrals transferred transferring transfers true truer truest truism truisms truly untrue truth truthful truthfully truthfulness truthiness truths untruth untruthful untruthfully untruthfulness untruths try triable tried tries trying untried type subtype subtypes types use misuse
misused
misuser misusers misuses misusing reusable reuse reused reuses reusing unusable unused usability usable useable used useful usefully usefulness useless uselessly uselessness user users uses using virtual virtually vision visionaries visionary visions will unwilling unwillingly unwillingness willed willing willingly willingness
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work
rework reworked reworking reworks unworkable unworked workable worked worker workers working workings works
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