短文改错口诀：
动词“形”名词“数”，
注意“形”和“副”。
非谓语动词细辨别，
习惯用法要记住。
句子成分多分析，
逻辑错误须关注。
一、动词“形”
主要包括两类错误：
1，动词的时态和语态错误。
2，主、谓不一致的错误。例如：
My favourite sport is football. I played football everyday. （play）
Now my picture and prize is hanging in the library. （are）
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二、名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数。例如：
…so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject. （subjects）
三、 区分形和副
I’m sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together. （wonderful）
Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. （Unfortunately）
需要注意的是，形容词多用来做定、表、补足语等，而副词只能在句子中作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。第一例中的wonderful作定语修饰time，第二句的Unfortunately作状语修饰整个句子。
四、非谓动词细辨别
…in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football. （interested）
Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also … （playing）
My parents love me and will do all they can ∧ make sure I am happy and healthy （to）
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五、习惯用法要记住
主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点，其错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭配错误。例如：
It was very kind for them to meet me at the
railway station and… （of）
We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ∧ ourselves. （of）
六、句子成分多分析
They ∧eager to know everything about China and… （were）
I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. （which）
七、逻辑错误须关注
与句子的上、下文不一致，甚至相矛盾，属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴，人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误，常是这类错误的考查对象。例如：
The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home. （their）
First, let me tell you something more about myself. （去掉more）
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there is no way of setting the matter except by selling the TV set.Now someone at home reads
instead. （everyone）
除了上述错误类型外，常考的错误形式还有：连词but, and, or和so的用法错误（可以归类为逻辑错误），以及冠词的用法错误等。例如：
She was smiling but nodding at me. （and）
It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. （or）
We may be one family and live under a same roof. （the）
You should shoulder an ablitility that is put on
your shoulders. （the）
下面是2002年全国高考试题中的短文改错题。这道题较全面地反映了本文的口诀。现在请你试着做一做，然后参阅题后的答案与简析。
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As everyone knows，it’s famous Mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather Was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain，the three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain，we watched monkeys，visiting temples and told stories. On the way
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up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
答案与简析：
1. famous前加上a.（名词数）
2. 正确
3. we前面加when，引导一个时间状语从句。（句子成分多分析）
4. them→us （逻辑错误须关注）
5. visiting→visited（非谓动词细辨别）
6. picture→pictures（名词数）
7. passes→passed（动词形）
8. 去掉down（习惯用法要记住）
9. and→but（but，and，or和so）
10. 去掉at（句子成分多分析 / 习惯用法要记住）
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