1.linux系统⾃带的dmidecode⼯具查询服务器硬件信息
dmidecode ⽤于获取服务器的硬件信息，通常是在不打开计算机机箱的情况下使⽤该命令来查找硬件详细信息
这个命令可以查看内存的⼏乎所有信息，包括频率 ⼤⼩等等，另外这个命令强⼤到⼏乎可以查任何硬件信息 包括设备型号、bios 、cpu、主板 、处理器、内存、缓存详细信息等等都例举出来常见的⼏种⽤法
语法
dmidecode [选项]选项
-d：(default:/dev/mem)从设备⽂件读取信息，输出内容与不加参数标准输出相同。-h：显⽰帮助信息。
-s：只显⽰指定DMI字符串的信息。(string)-t：只显⽰指定条⽬的信息。(type)-u：显⽰未解码的原始条⽬内容。
--dump-bin file：将DMI数据转储到⼀个⼆进制⽂件中。--from-dump FILE：从⼀个⼆进制⽂件读取DMI数据。-V：显⽰版本信息。
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode # 打印所有硬件信息
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -q # 打印所有硬件信息，⽐较简洁
[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode | grep 'Product Name' # 以过滤的⽅式来查看指定的硬件信息（查看服务器型号）[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t bios # 查看BIOS相关的硬件信息[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t system # 查看系统相关的硬件信息[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t baseboard # 查看主板相关的硬件信息[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t chassis # 查看机箱相关的硬件信息[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t processor # 查看处理器相关的硬件信息[root@localhost ~]$ dmidecode -t memory # 查看内存相关的硬件信息[root@localhost ~]$dmidecode |grep 'Serial Number' # 查看主板的序列号[root@localhost ~]$dmidecode -s system-serial-number # 查看系统序列号[root@localhost ~]$dmidecode -t 11 # 查看OEM信息
查询内存条数：
[root@tao ~]# dmidecode -t 17 | grep \"Size.*MB\" | wc -l
第⼀、dmidecode查看主板信息
dmidecode -t 2 = dmidecode -t baseboard
[root@mysql ~]#dmidecode -t 2# dmidecode 2.12SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0002, DMI type 2, 15 bytesBase Board Information
Manufacturer: ASUSTeK Computer INC. Product Name: Z8NR-D12 Version: Rev 1.xxG
Serial Number: 120902356500037 Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Features:
Board is a hosting board Board is replaceable
Location In Chassis: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Chassis Handle: 0x0003 Type: Motherboard
Contained Object Handles: 0
第⼆、使⽤dmidecode查询内存(RAM)信息dmidecode -t 16
⾸先，可以通过以下命令查询机器最⼤⽀持的内存总量
[root@mysql ~]#dmidecode -t 16# dmidecode 2.12SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0036, DMI type 16, 15 bytesPhysical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
Maximum Capacity: 96 GB
Error Information Handle: Not Provided Number Of Devices: 12
这⾥可以查看到当前服务器允许扩容的最⼤内存⼤⼩，从以上输出可知，该机器理论上⽀持的最⼤内存为96G。
然后使⽤以下命令查询机器可⽤的内存：
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal: 32869848 kB
可以看到机器可⽤的内存为32G，也即我们可以再扩64G内存。
第三、查看当前内存数和插槽数
dmidecode|grep -P -A5 \"Memory Device\" |grep Size
[root@mysql ~]#dmidecode|grep -P -A5 \"Memory Device\" |grep Size Size: 16384 MB Range Size: 1 kB
Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 1 kB
Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 1 kB
Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 1 kB
Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 1 kB
Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 1 kB Size: 16384 MB Range Size: 1 kB
Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 1 kB
Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 4032 GB Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 1 kB
Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 1 kB
Size: No Module Installed Range Size: 1 kB
1.查看内存槽数、那个槽位插了内存，⼤⼩是多少
[root@mysql ~]# dmidecode|grep -P -A5 \"Memory\\s+Device\"|grep Size|grep -v Range Size: 16384 MB
Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: 16384 MB
Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed Size: No Module Installed
第四、查看内存条数
但是在⽤的32G内存是怎么组成的？是1条32G内存？是2条16G内存？我们可以通过以下命令进⾏查询：dmidecode -t 17
No Module Installed 代表没有插内存条的槽 [root@mysql ~]# dmidecode -t 17# dmidecode 2.12SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0038, DMI type 17, 27 bytes
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x0036
Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 79 bits Size: 16384 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None
Locator: DIMM_A1 Bank Locator: BANK0 Type: DDR3
Type Detail: None Speed: 1333 MHz
Manufacturer: Manufacturer00 Serial Number: D8CC0900 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum0
Part Number: TS2GKR72V3H
Handle 0x0044, DMI type 17, 27 bytesMemory Device
Array Handle: 0x0036
Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 79 bits Size: 16384 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None
Locator: DIMM_D1 Bank Locator: BANK2 Type: DDR3
Type Detail: None Speed: 1333 MHz
Manufacturer: Manufacturer02 Serial Number: D8CC0900 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum6
Part Number: TS2GKR72V3H Handle 0x004E, DMI type 17, 27 bytesMemory Device
Array Handle: 0x0036
Error Information Handle: Not Provided Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: Unknown Size: No Module Installed Form Factor: DIMM Set: None
Locator: DIMM_F2 Bank Locator: BANK3 Type: DDR3
Type Detail: None Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer: Manufacturer03 Serial Number: SerNum11 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum11
Part Number: ModulePartNumber11
从红⾊部分，我们可以看到当前服务器是32GB内存，然后看到上⾯数据，可以知道该机器插了2根16G内存条第五、查看物理CPU信息dmidecode -t 4
[root@mysql ~]# dmidecode -t 4# dmidecode 2.12SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0004, DMI type 4, 40 bytesProcessor Information
Socket Designation: CPU 1 Type: Central Processor Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel ID: C2 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 44, Stepping 2 Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers)
PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported) PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz Voltage: 1.2 V
External Clock: 133 MHz Max Speed: 3600 MHz Current Speed: 2400 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: Socket LGA1366 L1 Cache Handle: 0x0005 L2 Cache Handle: 0x0006 L3 Cache Handle: 0x0007
Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Core Count: 4 Core Enabled: 4 Thread Count: 8 Characteristics: 64-bit capable
Handle 0x0008, DMI type 4, 40 bytesProcessor Information
Socket Designation: CPU 2 Type: Central Processor Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel ID: C2 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 44, Stepping 2 Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported) PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz Voltage: 1.2 V
External Clock: 133 MHz Max Speed: 3600 MHz Current Speed: 2400 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled
Upgrade: Socket LGA1366 L1 Cache Handle: 0x0009 L2 Cache Handle: 0x000A L3 Cache Handle: 0x000B
Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Core Count: 4 Core Enabled: 4 Thread Count: 8 Characteristics: 64-bit capable
也可以⽤cat /proc/cpuinfo命令查看CPU信息。 第六、查看服务器硬盘信息cat /proc/scsi/scsi
[root@mysql ~]# cat /proc/scsi/scsiAttached devices:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 01 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: LSI Model: Logical Volume Rev: 3000
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 06Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: SEAGATE Model: ST3300657SS Rev: 0008 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 01 Lun: 00
Vendor: SEAGATE Model: ST3300657SS Rev: 0008 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 05Host: scsi4 Channel: 00 Id: 00 Lun: 00
Vendor: TSSTcorp Model: CDDVDW SN-208BB Rev: AS01 Type: CD-ROM ANSI SCSI revision: 05
第七、dmidecode查看内存速率
dmidecode|grep -A16 \"Memory Device\"|grep 'Speed' 没插就是unknown。
[root@mysql ~]# dmidecode|grep -A16 \"Memory Device\"|grep 'Speed' Speed: 1333 MHz Speed: Unknown Speed: Unknown Speed: Unknown Speed: Unknown Speed: Unknown Speed: 1333 MHz Speed: Unknown Speed: Unknown Speed: Unknown Speed: Unknown Speed: Unknown
第⼋、查看系统相关的硬件信息dmidecode -t 1 = dmidecode -t systemdmidecode -t 1# dmidecode 2.12SMBIOS 2.5 present.
Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytesSystem Information
Manufacturer: System manufacturer Product Name: System Product Name Version: System Version
Serial Number: System Serial Number
UUID: 00797DF5-8DFE-D511-A89C-3085A9A895F8 Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Family: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
另外也可通过/proc查询CPU相关信息。查询物理CPU个数：
[root@mysql ~]#cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'physical id'|sort|uniq|wc -l 2
查询CPU核数：
[root@mysql ~]#cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep 'core id'|wc -l
16
更精简的信息显⽰：
dmidecode -q
//BIOS相关的硬件信息BIOS Information
Vendor: American Megatrends Inc. Version: 1501
Release Date: 10/25/2011 Address: 0xF0000 Runtime Size: 64 kB ROM Size: 2048 kB Characteristics: ISA is supported PCI is supported PNP is supported APM is supported BIOS is upgradeable
BIOS shadowing is allowed ESCD support is available Boot from CD is supported Selectable boot is supported BIOS ROM is socketed EDD is supported
5.25\"/1.2 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5\"/720 kB floppy services are supported (int 13h) 3.5\"/2.88 MB floppy services are supported (int 13h) Print screen service is supported (int 5h)
8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) Serial services are supported (int 14h) Printer services are supported (int 17h)
CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) ACPI is supported
USB legacy is supported LS-120 boot is supported
ATAPI Zip drive boot is supported BIOS boot specification is supported
Targeted content distribution is supported BIOS Revision: 8.15
//系统相关的硬件信息System Information
Manufacturer: System manufacturer # ⼚商
Product Name: System Product Name # 服务器型号 Version: System Version # 版本号
Serial Number: System Serial Number # 主板序列号
UUID: 00797DF5-8DFE-D511-A89C-3085A9A895F8 # UUID Wake-up Type: Power Switch
SKU Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Family: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
Base Board Information
Manufacturer: ASUSTeK Computer INC. Product Name: Z8NR-D12 Version: Rev 1.xxG
Serial Number: 120902356500037 Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Features:
Board is a hosting board Board is replaceable
Location In Chassis: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Type: Motherboard
//机箱相关的硬件信息Chassis Information
Manufacturer: Chassis Manufacture Type: Desktop Lock: Not Present
Version: Chassis Version
Serial Number: Chassis Serial Number Asset Tag: Asset-1234567890 Boot-up State: Safe
Power Supply State: Safe Thermal State: Safe Security Status: None
OEM Information: 0x00000001 Height: Unspecified
Number Of Power Cords: 1 Contained Elements: 0//处理器相关的硬件信息
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU 1 Type: Central Processor Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel ID: C2 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 44, Stepping 2 Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension) MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported) PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz Voltage: 1.2 V
External Clock: 133 MHz Max Speed: 3600 MHz Current Speed: 2400 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: Socket LGA1366
Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Core Count: 4 Core Enabled: 4 Thread Count: 8 Characteristics: 64-bit capable
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L1-Cache
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Through Location: Internal
Installed Size: 256 kB Maximum Size: 256 kB Supported SRAM Types: Other
Installed SRAM Type: Other Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Parity System Type: Instruction
Associativity: 4-way Set-associative
Processor Information
Socket Designation: CPU 2 Type: Central Processor Family: Xeon
Manufacturer: Intel ID: C2 06 02 00 FF FB EB BF
Signature: Type 0, Family 6, Model 44, Stepping 2 Flags:
FPU (Floating-point unit on-chip) VME (Virtual mode extension) DE (Debugging extension) PSE (Page size extension) TSC (Time stamp counter) MSR (Model specific registers) PAE (Physical address extension)
MCE (Machine check exception)
CX8 (CMPXCHG8 instruction supported) APIC (On-chip APIC hardware supported) SEP (Fast system call)
MTRR (Memory type range registers) PGE (Page global enable)
MCA (Machine check architecture)
CMOV (Conditional move instruction supported) PAT (Page attribute table)
PSE-36 (36-bit page size extension)
CLFSH (CLFLUSH instruction supported) DS (Debug store)
ACPI (ACPI supported)
MMX (MMX technology supported)
FXSR (FXSAVE and FXSTOR instructions supported) SSE (Streaming SIMD extensions) SSE2 (Streaming SIMD extensions 2) SS (Self-snoop)
HTT (Multi-threading)
TM (Thermal monitor supported) PBE (Pending break enabled)
Version: Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz Voltage: 1.2 V
External Clock: 133 MHz Max Speed: 3600 MHz Current Speed: 2400 MHz Status: Populated, Enabled Upgrade: Socket LGA1366
Serial Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Asset Tag: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Part Number: To Be Filled By O.E.M. Core Count: 4 Core Enabled: 4 Thread Count: 8 Characteristics: 64-bit capable
Cache Information
Socket Designation: L1-Cache
Configuration: Enabled, Not Socketed, Level 1 Operational Mode: Write Through Location: Internal
Installed Size: 256 kB Maximum Size: 256 kB Supported SRAM Types: Other
Installed SRAM Type: Other Speed: Unknown
Error Correction Type: Parity System Type: Instruction
Associativity: 4-way Set-associative
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Null Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: PS2Mouse External Connector Type: PS/2 Port Type: Mouse Port
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Null Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: Keyboard External Connector Type: PS/2 Port Type: Keyboard Port
Port Connector Information
Internal Reference Designator: Null Internal Connector Type: None
External Reference Designator: USB1
External Connector Type: Access Bus (USB) Port Type: USB
System Slot Information Designation: PCIE1 Type: x16 PCI Express Current Usage: Available Length: Short ID: 1
Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided
Opening is shared
PME signal is supportedSystem Slot Information Designation: PCIE2 Type: x4 PCI Express Current Usage: Available Length: Short ID: 2
Characteristics: 3.3 V is provided Opening is shared
PME signal is supported
On Board Device Information Type: Video Status: Enabled
Description: AST2050
OEM Strings
String 1: To Be Filled By O.E.M. String 2: To Be Filled By O.E.M. String 3: To Be Filled By O.E.M. String 4: To Be Filled By O.E.M.
BIOS Language Information
Language Description Format: Abbreviated Installable Languages: 1 en|US|iso8859-1
Currently Installed Language: en|US|iso8859-1
System Event Log
Area Length: 1008 bytes Header Start Offset: 0x0810 Data Start Offset: 0x0810
Access Method: Memory-mapped physical 32-bit address Access Address: 0xFFFBC000 Status: Valid, Not Full
Change Token: 0x00000000 Header Format: No Header
Supported Log Type Descriptors: 11 Descriptor 1: OEM-specific
Data Format 1: Multiple-event handle Descriptor 2: OEM-specific
Data Format 2: Multiple-event handle
Descriptor 3: Single-bit ECC memory error Data Format 3: POST results bitmap Descriptor 4: Multi-bit ECC memory error Data Format 4: POST results bitmap Descriptor 5: Parity memory error Data Format 5: Multiple-event Descriptor 6: I/O channel block Data Format 6: Multiple-event Descriptor 7: POST error
Data Format 7: POST results bitmap Descriptor 8: PCI parity error
Data Format 8: Multiple-event handle Descriptor 9: PCI system error
Data Format 9: Multiple-event handle Descriptor 10: System limit exceeded
Data Format 10: Multiple-event system management Descriptor 11: OEM-specific
Data Format 11: POST results bitmap//物理内存阵列
Physical Memory Array
Location: System Board Or Motherboard Use: System Memory
Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC Maximum Capacity: 96 GB Number Of Devices: 12
//内存阵列映射地址
Memory Array Mapped Address
Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x000C00003FF Range Size: 3 GB Partition Width: 1//内存设备
Memory Device
Total Width: 72 bits Data Width: 79 bits
Size: 16384 MB Form Factor: DIMM Set: None
Locator: DIMM_A1 Bank Locator: BANK0 Type: DDR3
Type Detail: None Speed: 1333 MHz
Manufacturer: Manufacturer00 Serial Number: D8CC0900 Asset Tag: AssetTagNum0
Part Number: TS2GKR72V3H //内存设备映射地址
Memory Device Mapped Address Starting Address: 0x00000000000 Ending Address: 0x000000003FF Range Size: 1 kB
Partition Row Position: 1
Interleave Position: Unknown Interleaved Data Depth: 2
//系统引导
System Boot Information Status: No errors detected
IPMI Device Information
Interface Type: KCS (Keyboard Control Style) Specification Version: 2.0 I2C Slave Address: 0x10
NV Storage Device Address: 10
Base Address: 0x0000000000000CA2 (I/O) Register Spacing: Successive Byte Boundaries
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