IV. Chinese Translation of Paragraphs
1. 首先，我要强调的是，读书本应是一种享受。当然，为了应付考试或者获取信息，许多书我们不得不读，而我们从中却不可能得到任何愉悦。我们读这些书是出于教育的目的，至多希望自己对它的需要不至于使阅读的过程过于乏味。我们读这些书并非好之乐之，而是出于无奈。这当然不是我要谈的读书。要谈的读书。我接下去要谈论的书籍，既不能助您获得学位，也不能帮您谋生；既不能教您怎样驾驶帆船，也不能教您怎样启动熄火的车辆 。然而，它们却可以让您生活得更为充实。不过，您必须喜欢读书才行，否则也无济于事。
2. 我这里所说的“您”，是指那些有闲的成年人，他们想读的不是非读不可的那些书。我指的不是书虫，因为书虫们自有读书之道。我这里只想谈些名著，那些很久以来广受推崇的杰作。我们理应都读过这些名著，遗憾的是这类人却为数甚少。有些名著不仅为优秀的批评家们所公认，文学史家也会有长篇大论，然而，今天的普通读者读之却味同嚼蜡。这些作品对研究者来说是重要的，然而，时移事易，人们喜好变更，如今这些书早已失其原味，要读完全凭意志。举例来说，我读过乔治·艾略特的《亚当·比德》，但我不能违心地说这个过程是愉悦的。我读它是出于义务，读完了自然如释重负。
3. 关于这类书籍，我无意置喙。每个人自有自己的评价和意见。不论学者们对某本书作何评价，即便他们众口如一，极尽溢美之词，除非您感兴趣，否则它与您毫不相干。不要忘记批评家也经常犯错，批评史上那些最著名的评论家的低级错误比比皆是。一本书对您价值几何，只有作为读者的您才是最终评判人。当然，这适用于我将要向您推荐的书籍。我们每个人都不可能与他人完全一样，至多只是相仿而已。因此，没有理由认为对我有益的书也正好对您有益。不过，读这些书让我觉得内心更加富有；倘若我没有读过的话，恐怕我就不会完全是今天的我了。所以我恳求您，倘若 您在本文的诱惑之下去读我推荐的书，但却又读不下去，那就放下它们。得不到愉悦的东西，对您毫无用处。谁也没有义务去读什么诗歌、小说或者被称为“美文学”的杂文(真希望我知道这个词英语怎么说，但我认为英语里没有对应的词)。读书 须有乐趣，但谁能断言某君中意之物，他人也必定趋之若鹜？
4. 不要认为愉悦就是不道德。愉悦本身是件大好事，所有的愉悦都是好事，只是它后果各异，理智人士会回避某些愉悦的方式。愉悦也不一定是粗俗淫荡的。但凡发现心智上的愉悦是最为完美、最为持久的人，都是其时代的智者。因此，养成读书的习惯大有裨益。养成读书习惯，就是给自己营造逃避生活中几乎一切愁苦的庇护所。我说“几乎”，是因为我不想夸大其词，宣称读书可以 缓解饥饿的折磨、消除单相思的痛苦 ；但是几本好看的侦探小说外加一个热水瓶足以使任何感冒患者津津有味地读下去。反之，如果硬要他去读味同嚼蜡的书，又有谁能养成那种为读书而读书的习惯呢？
5. 为了方便起见，我将按年代顺序来罗列我要谈的书籍。不过倘若您决定要读这些书，则不一定非按这个顺序不可。我建议您最好还是随兴去读，您甚至不一定要读完一本再读另一本。就我而言，我更喜欢同时读四五本书。毕竟您每天的心情都会有变化，您也不可能一天二十四小时都热切地想读某一本书。我们必须适时调整。于是我很自然地采取了最适合自己的读书计划。早晨工作之前，我会读点科学或者哲学著作，因为这需要头脑清醒、思想集中。这开启了我一天的工作。完成工作之后，我觉得轻松，但又不想从事紧张的脑力活动，我便读历史、散文、评论或者传记；晚上我则读小说。小说。此外，我手头总有本诗集，以便兴
致来了翻上几页；放在我床头的，则是那种可以随意翻阅、随时放下的书。这种书读之欣然，搁之泰然，可惜太难觅了。
6. 回顾上文，我发现我不止一次向您建议，不时地跳读实为明智之举。我觉得前面提到的书籍都非常重要，值得通读。但即便这类书籍，您如能行使跳读的权利，也将获得更大的愉悦。因为即便是伟大的作品，随着人们品味的变化，部分篇章也会变得枯燥乏味。今天，我们已不再理会18世纪推崇的说教式文章，也不再青睐19世纪钟爱的大段景物描写。当小说盛行现实主义时，作家们钟情于细节；而在走了很长的路之后，他们发现只有与主题相关的细节才有意思。学会如何跳读，也就学会了如何从阅读中获得益处和愉悦。但是对于如何学习跳读之法，我则无可奉告，因为我从来没有学会此项诀窍，我是个跳读能力很差的人。我唯恐跳读会漏掉有价值的信息，只好去啃那些令我厌烦的章节。而我一旦开始跳读，便打不住了，每次读完之后便开始自责，因为我意识到我没有充分享用这本书。而且我觉得与其 这样，还不如干脆不读它。
Section Four Consolidation Activities
I. Text Comprehension
1. Decide which of the following best states the author's purpose. A. To recommend some masterpieces for pleasurable reading. B. To let the readers share his experience of reading.
C. To urge the exercise of personal taste in the selection of what to read from
the books he is going to recommend. Key: [ C ]
2. Judge, according to the text, whether the following statements are true or false. 1). If books can fulfill your utilitarian purposes, you will find reading them enjoyable. [F]
2). All masterpieces, due to their importance and value acknowledged by critics, should be given priority on readers’ booklists. [F]
3). The first criterion in book-selection is that the reader should get pleasure from his/her reading. [T]
4). Reading habits vary from person to person, depending on individuals’ preferences. [T]
5). The author does not believe in skipping, because he often worries that he may have missed something important and valuable in reading as a result of skipping. [F]
II. Writing Strategies
1) Read the following sentences that are structured in an inverted sequence. a. Such books we read with resignation rather than with alacrity. (Paragraph 1) b. That, however, they cannot do unless you enjoy reading them. (Paragraph 1) c. Now of such books as this I mean to say nothing. (Paragraph 3)
d. ... but how you are to learn it I cannot tell you ...(Paragraph 6)
Try to give the normal order of these sentences and comment on their stylistic functions.
a. Normal sequence: We read such books with resignation rather than with alacrity.
Function: To create a closer relation between “books” in this sentence and “them” in the preceding one.
b. Normal sequence: However, they cannot do that unless you enjoy reading them. Function: To achieve emphasis by putting “that” at the beginning of the sentence.
c. Normal sequence: Now I mean to say nothing of such books as this.
Function: Both to achieve emphasis and to create a closer relation between “this” in the sentence and what has been discussed in the preceding one. d. Normal sequence: ... but I cannot tell you how you are to learn it ... Function: Both to achieve emphasis and to create a closer relation between “it” in the sentence and “to know how to skip” in the preceding one.
2) With the exception of Paragraphs 1 and 4, the author supplies his own experiences in the second half of each paragraph to shed more light on the suggestions he puts forward. Read these experiences again, and identify the author’s viewpoints.
The author’s viewpoints involved in his personal experiences:
a. The author’s experience in reading George Eliot’s Adam Bede (Paragraph 2) — to indicate that masterpieces do not necessarily bring enjoyment in reading. b. Reading certain books makes the author feel the richer (Paragraph 3) — to suggest that what pleases one person does not necessarily please another. c. The author’s reading habit (Paragraph 5) — to advise people that they need to read according to their own interests.
d. The author’s experience as a bad skipper (Paragraph 6) — to prove that reading could be more enjoyable, if you know how to skip.
III. Language Work
1. Explain the underlined part(s) in each sentence in your own words.
1). Such books we read with resignation rather than with alacrity.
read with unresisting acceptance because we know we have to; eagerness 2). The books I shall mention in due course will help you neither to get a degree nor to earn your living.
later, after these introductory remarks
3). I wish to deal only with the masterpieces which the consensus of opinion for a long time has accepted as supreme.
for a long time have generally been accepted as the most important books 4). Don’t forget that critics often make mistakes — the history of criticism is full of the blunders the most eminent of them have made ...
full of mistakes; famous and respected
5). ... I would not go so far as to pretend that to read a book will assuage the pangs of hunger or still the pain of unrequited love ...
ease the painful feeling; kill
6). But who is going to acquire the habit of reading for reading’s sake, if he is bidden to read books that bore him
told to
7). It sets me off for the day.
warms me up and gets me ready for a whole day’s work
8). Later on, when my work is done and I feel at ease, but not inclined for mental exercise of a strenuous character, I read history, essays, criticism or biography ...
ready for; a toilsome / difficult nature 9). ... I am aware I have not done it justice ...
have not treated the book in a way that is fair
10). I am apt to think that I might just as well never have read it ...
tend to; it might have been equally good if I had never read it (Note: it is a phrase used to mean that another course of action would have an equally good result.)
2. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.
1). They received the news with resignation. (resign) 2). The company has begun to challenge the supremacy (supreme) of the current leading manufacturers in the textiles industry.
3). All four proposals to the committee were unanimously (unanimous) approved. 4). Having achieved eminence (eminent) as an actor, he now intends to perform a comparable feat in politics.
5). This part of the law is only applicable (apply) to companies employing more than five people.
6). The museum houses a fascinating miscellany (miscellaneous) of nautical treasures.
7). I’m not sure of the chronology (chronological) of the events. 8). The children sat listening attentively (attention) to the story. 9). My own inclination (incline) would be to look for another job.
10). He strenuously (strenuous) denies all the allegations against him.
3. Fill in the blank(s) in each sentence with a phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.
incline | resign | class as | with equanimity | rob of | stall off | apt | dip
into | apply to extract | do justice to | set off
1). She didn’t really do justice to herself in the interview. 2. He resigned from the company to take a more challenging job. 3). A last-minute injury robbed me of my place on the team. 4). It’s the sort of book you can just dip into now and again.
5). That bit of the form is for foreigners — it doesn’t apply to you. 6). No one seemed inclined to help.
7). I’m 17, but I’m still classed as a child when I travel by bus. 8). She’s in her eighties now and apt to be a bit forgetful.
9). She’s finally stopped crying — now don’t set her off again. 10). The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking.
11). The thief broke into the office while his accomplice stalled off the security guard.
12). He received the news of his mother’s death with remarkable equanimity.
4. Explain the meaning of the underlined part in each sentence. 1). There is a supreme moment at the end of the opera.
a moment which causes great excitement
2). The air was so still that not even the leaves on the trees were moving.
There was so little wind 3). He bade them to leave at once.
ordered or told
4). If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
visit a doctor
5). The kitchen roof is apt to leak when it rains.
likely to
6). She felt that life had lost most of its savour.
pleasure and interest 7). Somebody set the alarm off.
made the alarm bell ring
8). I incline to disagree with you on that point.
I more disagree than agree 9). I’ve only dipped into the book.
read a few pages of the book, not from cover to cover
10). The winner has been disqualified for cheating, so justice has been done.
fairness has been achieved
5. Correct the errors in the following passage. The passage contains ten errors, one in each indicated line. In each case, only one word is involved. Corrections should be done as follows:
Wrong word: underline the wrong word and write the correct word in the blank. Extra word: delete the extra word with an “×.”
Missing word: mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” and write the missing word in the blank.
Joseph Conrad Joseph Conrad led a fascinating life. Born in Poland, he moved around the world as a sailor and eventually settled in England. He must have been an excellent (1) language language’s learner as he soon became a famous English writer. He wrote a large number of short stories and a lot of novels, mainly about the sea. Many also, as he lived (2) with around 1900, were concerned ∧colonialism. Nostromo (3) exploited exposed the way Western capitalism sometimes exploiting the third world, and Lord Jim was about a ship’s officer (4) sinking who lost his honor when he abandoned passengers on a sunk ship. Perhaps his most famous and powerful book is The Heart of Darkness. A decent man, Marlow, is sent to investigate what has happened to Kurtz, an ivory trader, based a long way up one of the great African rivers. Kurtz’s behavior has become increasingly odd, and his (5) to employers want to know what has happened. As Marlow travels up to the river, moving into the heart of Africa, (6)evil through thick, dangerous jungle, he finds himself also traveling into the heart of darkness, man’s savagery and evilness. But at the very heart he finds, not an African, (7) over but Kurtz, the representative of white civilization, who has turned himself over into a god-king, ruling over his (8) for own tribe. Terrible things happen, and eventually the mad (9) basis Kurtz dies whispering, “Oh, the horror, the horror.” (10) presence The story has been filmed for a number of times, and was used by Coppola as the base for his film Apocalypse Now, a study of the American present in Vietnam. It remains a powerful warning of the danger of superiority. 6. Fill in each blank in the passage below with ONE appropriate word.
The Beauty of Reading
All good books have one thing in (1) common — they are truer than if they really (2) happened and after you have finished reading one you will feel that all that happened to you and afterwards, it all (3) belongs to you: the good and the bad, the ecstasy, the remorse and sorrow, the people and the places and how the weather was.
— Ernest Hemingway
Books, as we all know, are the stepping stones to human progress, for they reflect the world’s greatest minds. However, they are only gaudy ornaments on the (4) shelves until someone reads them. So it is reading that (5) makes the difference. Reading is to the mind what food is to the (6) body, for it transforms the way people
understand the world, invokes self-awareness and helps to fulfill (7) personal potential.
Reading unfolds a sketch of the real world in front of readers’ (8) eyes. Books present the landscape and stories of the whole world beyond the (9) limitations of time or space. And by reading, readers get to (10) know exotic cultures and traditions, enjoy numerous anecdotes, and even (11) experience the legendary life of their idols. In this regard, reading (12) enables people to understand the world from a new perspective.
Reading motivates personal development. Merely (13) sustaining life is a vegetable state. Thoroughly (14) living life requires continuous exploration of mankind itself. And reading enhances people’s capacity to judge themselves in a moral and rational way, and then correct their (15) misunderstanding of the concept of themselves.
Reading develops potential. Books are the legacies that great geniuses leave to (16) mankind. And reading provides readers with a shortcut by which they can get (17) access to their great minds. The beauty of reading is just like the sunshine, illuminating (18) everything. By reading and getting access to great (19) minds, readers tend to be encouraged and enlightened, (20) which naturally makes life more meaningful.
IV. Translation
1. Translating Sentences
Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in brackets.
1). 她欣然接受了那笔钱。(with alacrity)
She accepted the money with alacrity. with alacrity: quickly and with enthusiasm . She accepted with alacrity.
2). 但是他并未能从胜利中获得满足，因为他发现有个无辜的男孩在战斗中被杀死了。(extract)
However, he could extract no satisfaction from the victory, because he found that an innocent boy had been killed in the battle.
extract vt. to get something from someone or from doing something
3). 关于这一点，专家们的意见并不一致。(unanimous)
The experts are not unanimous on this point.
unanimous adj. a unanimous decision, vote, agreement etc is one that everyone agrees with and supports
. The board made a unanimous decision to reject the recommendations.
a unanimous vote of confidence
4). 人们说受良好教育的人在作重要决定时往往会犹豫再三。(apt to)
They say that well-educated people are apt to hesitate too much before they make important decisions.
be apt to do something: to have a tendency to do something
. They are apt to become a little careless if you don't watch them carefully.
The cars were old and apt to break down.
5). 尽管他已经晋升为总经理，但是他的权力欲望依然没有得到满足。(assuage)
Despite his promotion to general manager, his desire for power was not assuaged.
assuage vt. to make an unpleasant or painful feeling less severe
6). 只是又一首关于单恋痛苦的诗。(unrequited)
It’s just another poem on the pain of unrequited love.
unrequited adj. if your love for someone is unrequited, they do not love you even though you love them
7). 这部小说不完全是按年月顺序写的。(chronological)
The novel is not entirely written in a chronological order.
chronological adj. if your love for someone is unrequited, they do not love you even though you love them
8). 要充分欣赏这部电影，你就必须再看一遍。(do justice to)
You must watch the movie again to do it justice. do justice to: to show or emphasize all the good qualities of someone or something
9). 那场悲剧三年之后，她才开始恢复平静。(equanimity)
She did not begin to regain her equanimity till three years after the tragedy equanimity n. a calm mental state when you deal with a difficult situation
. He seemed to be facing the future with equanimity.
10).如果你想喝杯咖啡的话，我们还有时间呢。(be/feel inclined to)
There is still time if you feel inclined to have a cup of coffee.
be/feel inclined to: tending to behave in a particular way or to be interested in a particular thing
. Most animals are inclined to run when they feel threatened or frightened.
2. Translate the following passage into Chinese.
The Life I Desired
That must be the story of innumerable couples, and the pattern of life it offers has a homely grace. It reminds you of a placid rivulet, meandering smoothly through green pastures and shaded by pleasant trees, till at last it falls into the vasty sea; but the sea is so calm, o silent, so indifferent, that you are troubled suddenly by a vague uneasiness. Perhaps it is only by a kink in my nature, strong in me even
n those days, that I felt in such an existence, the share of the great majority, something amiss. I recognized its social value. I saw its ordered happiness, but a fever in my blood asked for a wilder course. There seemed to me something alarming in such easy delights. In my heart was desire to live more dangerously. I was not unprepared for jagged rocks and treacherous shoals if I could only have change — change and the excitement of the unforeseen.
参考译文：
我渴望的生活
这一定是世间无数对夫妻的生活写照，这种生活模式给人一种天伦之美。它使人想起一条平静的溪流，蜿蜒畅游过绿茵的草场，浓荫遮蔽，最后注入烟波浩渺的汪洋大海；但是大海太过平静，太过沉默，太过不动声色，你会突然感到莫名的不安。也许这只是我自己的一种怪诞想法，在那样的时代，这想法对我影响很深：我觉得这像大多数人一样的生活，似乎有点儿不对劲。我承认这种生活有社会价值，我也看到了它那井然有序的幸福，但我血液里的冲动却渴望一种更桀骜不驯的旅程。这样的安逸中好像有一种叫我惊惧不安的东西。我的心渴望一种更加惊险的生活。只要生活中还能有变迁——变迁以及不可知的刺激，我愿意踏上怪石嶙峋的山崖，奔赴暗礁满布的海滩。
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