一、阅读理解
In the same way that a child must be able to move his arms and legs before he can learn to walk, the child must physiologically be capable of producing and experiencing particular emotions before these emotions can be modified through learning. Psychologists have found that there are two basic processes by which learning takes place. One kind of learning is called \"classical conditioning\". This occurs when one event or stimulus is consistently paired with, or followed by, a reward or punishment. It is through classical conditioning that a child learns to associate his mother's face and voice with happiness and love, for he learns that this person provides food and comfort. Negative emotions are learned in a similar fashion. The second kind of learning is called \"operant conditioning\". An individual learns to do things that produce rewards in his environment and learns not to do things that produce punishments. For example, if a mother always attends to her baby when he cries and cuddles him until he is quiet, she may teach him that if he cries he will get attention from mother. Thus, the baby will learn to increase his crying in order to have his mother more. Every day, we grow and have new experiences. We constantly learn by reading, watching television, interacting with other people and so forth. This learning affects our emotions. Why is it that we learn to like some people and dislike others? If a person is nice to us, cares about us, we learn to associate this person with positive feelings, such as joy, happiness, and friendliness. On the other hand, if a person is mean to us, does not care about us, and even deliberately does things to harm us, we learn to associate this person with negative feelings, such as unhappiness, discomfort, and anger. 1.The author's main purpose in writing the passage is to ______.
A.give parents some advice on how to bring up children
B.debate with psychologists on people's positive and negative feelings C.teach children how to learn to produce and experience certain emotions
D.inform the general reader of two basic processes of modifying emotions through learning 答案：D
2.In classical conditioning, a child learns to ______. A.associate one event with a reward or punishment B.do things that produce rewards C.receive a reward when he feel happy D.recognize his mother's face and voice 答案：A
3.Which of the following is a case of “operant conditioning”? A.Children learn to do things that produce punishment. B.The baby feels happy when he sees his mother's face.
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C.Children learn to mix with others by reading, watching TV and so forth.
D.The baby increases his crying because his mother attends to him whenever he cries. 答案：D
4.The underlined word “fashion” can be replaced by “______”. A.vogue B.route C.manner D.fate 答案：C
5.According to the passage, positive feelings include ______.
A.care, association, and nice person B.joy, happiness, and friendliness C.comfort, cares, and anger
D.reading, watching TV, and interacting with others 答案：B
Throughout the colonial period there was a remarkable shortage of women, which varied with the regions and was always greatest in the frontier areas. This shortage enhanced （提高）women's status and position and allowed them to pursue different careers. The puritans （清教徒） regarded idleness as a sin （罪恶）, and believed that life in an underdevelopment country made it necessary that each member of the community performed an economic function. Thus work for women was not only approved but also was regarded as a civic （公民的） duty. Puritan town councils expected widows and independent women to be self-supporting. There was no social prohibition against married women working; on the contrary, wives were expected to help their husbands in their trade and won social approval for doing extra work in or out of the home.
The vast majority of women worked within their homes, where their labor produced most articles needed for the family. The entire colonial production of cloth and clothing and partly that of shoes was in the hands of women. In addition to these occupations, women were found in many different kinds of employment. They were butchers, silversmiths and gunsmiths. They ran mills, plantations, shipyards, and every kind of shop. They were gatekeepers, jail keepers, journalists, printers, nurses, and teachers.
6.What does the passage mainly discuss? A.Colonial marriages. B.The puritan religion.
C.Colonial women's employment.
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D.Education in the colonies. 答案：C
7.According to the passage, where in colonial North America were there the fewest women? A.Puritan communities. B.Seaports.
C.Frontier settlements. D.Capital cities. 答案：C
8.It can be inferred from the passage that the Puritans were ______. A.uneducated B.hardworking C.generous D.wealthy 答案：B
9.According to the passage, Puritans believed that an unmarried adult woman should be ______. A.financially responsible for herself B.returned to England C.supported by her family D.trained to be a nurse 答案：A
10.According to the passage, what did the Puritans expect from married women? A.They should adopt needy children.
B.They should assist in their husbands' trade or business. C.They should work only within their own homes. D.They should be apprenticed. 答案：B 二、词汇与语法
11.All of the ________ in our school will attend a special meeting. A.women teachers B.woman teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 答案：A
12.Bob doesn't look his age, I guess he is somewhere in ________. A.his forty
B.his forties
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C.forties
D.forty 答案：B
13.So far, he must have achieved his goal, _______? A.mustn't he B.didn't he C.hasn't he
D.doesn't he 答案：C
14.I'd like to explain the proposals _______ we have received many objections. A.to which B.to where C.to who D.to what 答案：A
15.They are willing to care for the _____ and disabled. A.oldest B.elder C.older D.elderly 答案：D
16.When the girl heard the news, she could do nothing but ________ back home. A.going B.went C.to go D.go 答案：D
17.Football is _________ the most popular sport of the world. A.so far B.by far C.far from D.much far 答案：B
18.The girl was standing by the sea, her long hair ________ in the breeze. A.dances B.dancing
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C.to dance D.were dancing 答案：B
19.This book discusses the most recent events of space travel, it certainly is ____. A.up to now B.up to this moment C.up to this point D.up to date 答案：D
20.The ship took machines and other goods back to the port ________ it had set off. A.from which B.to which C.which D.in which 答案：A 三、完型填空
The American Millionaire is the personification（象征） of the American Dream. In the \"Land of the Free\youth to making and saving money, __22__ their later years giving money away. __23__, the Rockefeller family who made their money through banking and oil, donated（捐献） $530 million to medical research and education. They founded two national parks and __24__ the vast Rockefeller Center in the middle of Manhattan. The first Rockefeller, who started life as a clerk, led a life of __25__ simplicity.
Many find __26__ hard to understand why these American millionaires labored so hard to acquire wealth, then __27__ so much of it away. The answer __28__ be guilt or even pride. Perhaps it is only __29__ materialism（物质享乐主义） and generosity, the urge to acquire wealth and the urge to share it,__30__side by side in the character of many Americans. 21. A.of B.at C.from D.on 答案：C 22. A.spent B.kept
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C.turned D.had 答案：A 23.
A.On occasion B.Such as C.For example D.Once upon a time 答案：C 24. A.built B.devised C.raised D.molded 答案：A 25. A.continual B.complete C.emotional D.relevant 答案：B 26. A.that B.this C.them D.it 答案：D 27. A.brought B.gave C.took D.carried 答案：B 28. A.must B.should
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C.will D.may 答案：D 29. A.which B.what C.that D.how 答案：C 30. A.exists B.exist C.existed D.existing 答案：B 四、汉译英
31.由于受过专门训练，她打字又快又准确。
答案：Having received special training, she types quickly and accurately. 32.只要尽我们所能，我们就一定能实现目标。
答案：As long as we try/do our best, we can/will certainly achieve our/the goal. 33.这是你自己的错，不要将工作的失败归咎于别人。
答案：It’s your fault. Don’t blame others for the failure of your work. 34.这就是我不愿意加入这个足球队的原因。
答案：That is the reason why I don't want to join the football team. 五、写作 35.写作 Instructions:Your essay should be no less than 150 words. You have grown up from a little child to a college student. In your life, there must be a teacher who has impressed you most and therefore has won your respect. Write an essay on the topic \"My Respected Teacher\". You should base your essay on the following outline. 1.你最尊敬的老师是谁？
2.他/她的哪些行为赢得了你的尊敬？ 3.你从中有哪些感悟。 答案：无
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