【英语】高考英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)及解析

【英语】高考英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

Experts note that an unhealthy lifestyle can put you at great risk of heart disease and stroke. So doctors urge us to eat healthy foods, get exercise, stop smoking and limit our alcohol intake. But there is something else you can do. And it is free and easy. Smile!

Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart. \"When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive.\" He says smiling is the first step in fighting physical and emotional stress and its sometimes harmful effects on human health. This is not just New Age advice. Several studies support his opinion.

When you feel stressed or under pressure, your body releases many natural hormones (荷尔蒙) including adrenaline and cortisol. Adrenaline increases your heart rate and blood pressure. Cortisol is the body's main stress hormone. It increases sugar in the bloodstream. If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you. They are part of what we call our fight-or-flight response.

However, when we are stressed for a long period, these stress hormones are

ever-present in our bodies. And that, medical researchers warn, may lead to health problems.

Researchers say the connection between stress and heart disease is still unclear. However, they claim that when people are stressed for long periods of time, they may have an unhealthy lifestyle, which can lead to health problems.

Dr. Chockalingam says a smile may be one way to help. He tells his patients to smile 20 times an hour. To some, that might seem like a lot of smiling. Or some might even feel foolish ... smiling for seemingly no reason. But a smile does not involve drugs. It is not invasive like a surgical operation. It is free and it has no bad side effects.

\"Once people smile, they are relaxing. This relaxation directly lowers blood pressure, improves sugar levels in the blood. If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health.\" And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart health.

（1）Which of the following agrees with Dr. Chockalingam's opinion?

A.Smile has the same effects as laughter.

B.Smile can be used to take the place of medicine.

C.Smile is better than any healthy lifestyle to health.

D.Smile can make our body produce beneficial chemicals.

（2）What can we know about the mentioned stress hormones?

A.They can lower our blood pressure.

B.They will surely lead to heart diseases.

C.They can benefit us when we are in danger.

D.They will make us live an unhealthy lifestyle.

（3）Why does Dr. Chockalingam think smiling is helpful to our health?

A.It can make us relax.

B.It increases sugar levels.

C.It has little bad side effects.

D.It can happen for no reason.

（4）What can be the best title for the text?

A.A Thorough Analysis of the Causes of Heart Diseases

B.One Thing You Can Do Right Now to Help Your Heart

C.One Thing That Is Closely Connected with Stress Hormones

D.The Clear Connection Between Unhealthy Lifestyles and Heart Diseases

【答案】 （1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议多保持微笑，他认为微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。同时说明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人们感到压力时的身体反应等情况。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“When we smile, the brain wiring changes. The chemicals that are released are more positive.”当我们微笑时，大脑的线路会发生变化。释放出的化学物质更积极。可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑能使我们的身体产生有益的化学物质。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“If you are truly in danger, these hormones can help you.”如果你真的有危险，这些荷尔蒙会帮助你。可知，当我们处于危险中时，压力荷尔蒙可以帮助我们。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“If we are smiling, we are breaking that link between stress and health. And it just may provide a little extra protection to everyone's heart health.”如果我们微笑，我们就打破了压力和健康之间的联系。而且它可能会为每个人的心脏健康提供一点额外的保护。可知，Chockalingam博士认为微笑可以使我们放松，从而有利于我们的健康。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的“Dr. Chockalingam, a heart disease specialist in Columbia, advises his patients to smile. He says a smile may be one way to help your heart.”哥伦比亚的心脏病专家Chockalingam博士建议他的病人保持微笑。他说，微笑可能是帮助心脏的一种方式。以及结合文章内容主要介绍了微笑能够让我们放松进而有利于我们的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

A study, conducted by David Evans of the World Bank and Anna Popova of Stanford University, looked at 19 programs around the world in which individuals were given cash transfers from the government, either as a handout or as a \"reward\" for something like getting kids to school on time or taking them to the doctor for checkups.

Evans and Popova looked at the impact those cash transfers had on the

family budget and whether or not they led to an increase in spending on alcohol and cigarettes .What they found was that they almost always led to a reduction in a family's alcohol and tobacco purchases.

The news may surprise some people, but it's true, and the researchers have several theories about why.

One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids' education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren't even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality.

Another theory is that people just generally seem to do what they're told. If they are given money and told to use it for their family's welfare, in most cases, they will do just that. And that leads to the third theory: These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children.

Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don't waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought. Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that's money well spent.

（1）The study proves that .

A. cash transfers help poor families get what would seem unavailable otherwise B. cash should be given to poor people as a reward for something good for kids

C. given cash handouts, poor people would spend the money on alcohol and tobacco D. poor people would save the cash given by the government for emergency needs

（2）A cash transfer led to a reduction in a family's alcohol and tobacco purchases because .

A. the education gained with the cash would help them drop alcohol and tobacco B. the money previously for alcohol and tobacco would help realize their dream

C. buying healthier and more expensive foods left less money for alcohol and tobacco D. that was the promise made before the cash transfer was given to the poor family

（3）In paragraph 5, when the author said \"women control the purse strings\he just meant \" \".

A. women are told what to do B. women are given the money

C. women know what to do with the money D. women have the final word for money

（4）The passage mainly tells us .

A. how the study was carried out B. why cash transfer is preferred

C. the findings of a study and explanations to them D. the theories for a study about cash transfers

【答案】（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，作者分析了出现这一现象的原因。

（1）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don't waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought.Instead, they typically use that

money for the benefit of their families. And that's money well spent.”可知给贫穷家庭的汇款并不会被使用在酒精和香烟上，很多贫穷家庭会用来改善生活。这与之前的看法是相反的。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段“ One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids' education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren't even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality.”可知当某些家庭得到汇款以后，他们会把这笔钱和用在喝酒抽烟上的钱一起被用在孩子的教育上，或购买之前无法购买的东西上。故选B。

（3）考查句义猜测。根据倒数第二段中的“These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children.”可知当汇款给了女性以后，通常都会有比较好的结果。故划线句指“女性控制花钱的话语权”。故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇说明文，世界银行和斯坦福大学的专家进行了一项研究，给贫穷家庭一笔汇款，结果发现汇款能够减少烟酒方面的花销，并分析了出现这一现象的原因。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇调查报告，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

In June 2014, two leading media in America reported that three-year-old Victoria Wilcher, who suffered facial scarring, was kicked out of a KFC because she was a frightening customer. Later, KFC announced that no evidence had been found to support the story. This phenomenon is largely a product of the increasing pressure in newsrooms that care more about traffic figures.

Brooke Binkowski, an editor, says that she has seen a shift towards less responsibility in newsrooms. \"Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.\"

Asked what the driving factor was, a journalist said, \"You've a strict editor and you've to meet your targets. And some young journalists are inexperienced and will not do those checks. So much news reported online happens online. There is no need to get out and knock on someone's door. You just sit at your desk and do it.\"

Another journalist says, \"More clicks equal more money. At my former employer in particular, the pressure was due to the limited resources. That made the environment quite horrible to work in.\"

In a Feb. 2015 report for Digital Journalism, Craig Silverman wrote, \"Today the bar for what is worth giving attention to seems to be much lower. Within minutes or hours, a badly sourced report can be changed into a story that is repeated by dozens of news websites, resulting in tens of thousands of shares. The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.\"

And, despite the direction that some newsrooms seem to be heading in, a critical eye is becoming more, not less important, according to the New York Times' public editor, Margaret Sullivan. \"Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication.\" Yet those working in newsrooms talk of doubtful stories being tolerated. In the words of some senior editors, \"a click is a click, regardless of the advantage of a story\". And, \"if the story does turn out to be false, it's simply a chance for another bite at the cherry.\"

（1）According to Brooke Binkowski, newsrooms produce false news because _________.

A.clicks count a lot

B.resources are limited

C.budgets are tight

D.journalists lack experience

（2）What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 probably mean?

A.Lies can't sell without something related to the truth.

B.Rumors are like a flame blown by the wind.

C.Most people are easy to cheat by the false news online.

D.A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.

（3）What's Margaret Sullivan's attitude towards false news online?

A.Negative.

B.Supportive.

C.Skeptical.

D.Neutral.

（4）What is the best title of the passage?

A.Spread of false stories.

B.Causes of online false news.

C.Duties of journalists.

D.Relative laws needed to regulate the online news.

【答案】 （1）A

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人们对此的态度。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Clickbait is king, so newsrooms will uncritically print something unreal. Not all newsrooms are like this, but a lot of them are.”可知Brooke Binkowski认为文章的标题和点击率是虚假新闻产生的重要原因，故选A。

（2）考查句义猜测。根据第五段中的“The rumor becomes true for readers simply by virtue of its ubiquity.”谣言由于它的普遍传播就会变成真的，即说的人多了谣言就变成真的了。与D项A lie will end up as truth, if repeated often enough.同义，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Reporters and editors have to be more careful than ever before. It's extremely important to question and to prove before publication.”可知Margaret Sullivan认为编辑一定要更细心，在发表之前要认真审核证实。由此可见他对网络虚假新闻是反对的，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。作者根据一段虚假新闻的实例分析了造成这种现象的原因及人

们对此的态度。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解

The killdeer, a small bird known for its high-pitched(声调高的)call, could lead to the cancellation(取消) of one of Canada' biggest music festivals.

The first hint of trouble for Ottawa's Bluesfest, an outdoor festival that draws around 300,000 people each year, came last week after workers at the site found one of the birds. It had laid four eggs nearby, effectively claiming the main stage area as its nesting ground. \"This is one of the most challenging problems we've been presented with, but we feel we can work through this,\" said Mark Monahan, executive director of the festival. \"Anything that changes the schedule has a major effect, so we're taking it very seriously.\"

The discovery meant that government officials rushed to protect the nest and the eggs, hiring a security guard to watch over them 24 hours a day.

Environmentalists were also brought in. \"We don't know when the eggs might hatch,\" said Monahan. What is known is that the young killdeer will likely leave the nest soon after they are hatched, leading many to hope that the eggs

hatch in the next day or so.

The festival is now seeking permission from Environment Canada to relocate(搬迁)the nest some 50 meters away or take it to a wildlife center. Moving the nest would also ensure the bird and its young would be protected during the festival's 11-day run, said Monahan. It's highly likely that the festival's thousands of attendees would cause huge problems for the bird and its eggs. Monahan was confident that the festival would go on as planned, however. \"Most of the people we're working with are looking for a positive solution,\" Monahan said. \"There is no one saying that the festival can't go on.\"

As news of the dilemma spread, it left residents divided. Some supported the bird, saying that moving the nest might result in the eggs being abandoned. Others expressed annoyance that protecting the eggs of the small bird, which is widespread across North America, was risking an annual festival that contributes millions of dollars to the local economy.

The killdeer's tendency to build its nest in open fields or flat areas has caused issues in other areas of the US: earlier this year, construction of a health center in Wisconsin was temporarily stopped after a killdeer and its four eggs were discovered.

（1）What can we learn about Bluesfest?

A.It is the first music festival in Canada.

B.It is an important event for music lovers.

C.It is a music festival held every two years.

D.It is a challenging outdoor activity in Ottawa.

（2）What was especially challenging for Bluesfest this year?

A.Pressure from the government.

B.Disagreements with the public.

C.The need to protect the bird's eggs.

D.The lack of experience in hosting the event.

（3）How did the festival plan to deal with the problem?

A.Move the nest to another place.

B.Ask government officials for help.

C.Seek advice from environmentalists.

D.Hire security guards to protect the eggs.

（4）The underlined word \"dilemma\" is closest in meaning to \"______\".

A.a difficult situation

B.an extreme situation

C.a dangerous situation

D.an encouraging situation

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，对于音乐爱好者来说，非常重大的加拿大音乐事件Bluesfest,在上周工作人员在现场发现了一只小水鸟，它在附近下了四个蛋，把主要舞台区域作为它的筑巢地，以及就主办方准备将鸟巢搬离此处引发了人们讨论。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“The first hint of trouble for Ottawa's Bluesfest, an outdoor festival that draws around 300,000 people each year, came last week after workers at the site found one of the birds.”可知渥太华的Bluesfest,是一个每年吸引约30万人参加的户外节日。因此Bluesfest,对音乐爱好者来说是一个重

要的事件。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It had laid four eggs nearby, effectively claiming the main stage area as its nesting ground. ”小水鸟在舞台附近下了4个蛋；和第四段中的“‘This is one of the most challenging problems we've been presented with, but we feel we can work through this,’ said Mark Monahan, executive director of the festival.”音乐节执行总监说：“这是我们面临的最具挑战性的问题之一，我觉得我们可以解决这个问题”。得知 保护鸟蛋是今年Bluesfest面临挑战的事情。故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“The festival is now seeking permission from Environment Canada to relocate(搬迁)the nest some 50 meters away or take it to a wildlife center.”可知现在该节日正在寻求加拿大环境部的许可，将鸟巢迁移到50米外，或带到野生动物中心，可以得知为了解决这个问题，节日筹备方打算把鸟巢搬到另一个地方。故选A。

（4）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的“Moving the nest would also ensure the bird and its young would be protected during the festival's 11-day run, said Monahan. It's highly likely that the festival's thousands of attendees would cause huge problems for the bird and its eggs.”可知Monahan说，为期11天的节日活动中，移动鸟巢能确保鸟儿和其幼鸟得到保护。但是极有可能，成千上万的参与者会给这只鸟和它的蛋带来巨大的问题。可以推断出当时的处境困难，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而

选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Stories are shared in many ways. They are described in books and magazines. They are read around the campfire at night. They are randomly distributed from stand-alone booths. But what else?

To revive (复兴)literature in the era of fast news and smartphone addiction, Short Edition, a French publisher of short-form literature, has set up more than 30 story dispensers (分发机)in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.

Francis Ford Coppola, the film director and winemaker, liked the idea so much that he invested in the company and placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International Airport.

\"Everything old is new again,\" said Andrew Nurkin, the director of the Free Library of Philadelphia, which is one of the libraries that set up the dispensers. \"We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire their creativity.

Here's how a dispenser works: It has three buttons on top indicating choices for stories that can be read in one minute, three minutes or five minutes. When a button is pushed, a short story is printed. The stories are free. They are chosen from a computer category of more than 100,000 original submissions by writers whose works have been evaluated by Short Edition's judges, and transmitted over a mobile network. Offerings can be tailored to specific interests, like children's fiction or romance. Short Edition gets stories for its category by holding writing contests.

Short Edition set up its first booth in 2016 and has 150 machines worldwide. \"The idea is to make people happy,\" said Kristan Leroy, director of Short Edition, \"There is too much unhappiness today.\"

（1）What do we know about the stories sent by dispensers?

A.They are expensive.

B.They are short in form.

C.They can be read on smartphones.

D.They are mainly taken from magazine literature.

（2）Where can you find the popularity of story dispensers in America?

A.In paragraph 3.

B.In paragraph 4.

C.In paragraph 5.

D.In paragraph 6.

（3）Which is the main purpose of setting up the dispensers according to Andrew Nurkin?

A.To get rid of people's smartphone addiction.

B.To reduce the financial stress of libraries.

C.To make people have access to literature.

D.To advertise the network literature.

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A.Online Reading: a Virtual Tour

B.Short Edition, a French Publisher

C.Everything Old Will Be Popular Again

D.Taste of Literature, at the Push of a Button

【答案】 （1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们可以通过多种途径读到小说，例如书籍、杂志等。为了能够在快新闻时代和智能手机成瘾的时代复兴文学，法国文学出版商Short Edition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。这样人们能更容易地接触文学，以此提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“when a button is pushed, a short story is printed”可知，按下按钮，就会打印出一篇短篇小说，因此小说在形式上是简短的。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“he …placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International Airport.”可知，在旧金山的Cafe Zoetrope有一台小说分发机，其他一些城市的公共图书馆也宣布将安装小说分发机。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的校园里有一台小说分发机。在佛罗

里达州有一些小说分发机。在洛杉矶国际机场也将有更多的小说分发机。因此在第3段中可以看出小说分发机在美国受人欢迎。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire their creativity.”可知，Andrew Nurkin说：“我们希望人们能够很容易地接触到文学。我们希望提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。”因此，在Andrew Nurkin看来，设置小说分发机的主要目的是使人们有机会接触文学。故案选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Stories are shared in many ways. They are described…”可知，文章提出的话题是阅读小说；第二段中的“Short Edition… has set up more than 30 story dispensers in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.”可知，法国文学出版商Short Edition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

If you're showering every day, you're probably over doing it. In fact, showering too often can actually hurt your body in the long run.

As Time's public health column explains, daily showers are common due to social norms more than any proper health need. We connect being freshly showered with being attractive and pleasing, so we tend to showering often to feel better.

But what's the ideal shower frequency? In terms of your health — not how you look or smell — probably once or twice a week, assistant professor of dermatology at George Washington University, Dr. C. Brandon Mitchell says. “Your body is naturally a well-oiled machine,” he says. “A daily shower isn't necessary.”

Of course, your situation may vary. If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly. If you feel like you need to take daily showers for aesthetic（审美的）reasons, at least make most of them light showers. “I tell patients who shower daily not to soap their whole bodies,” Mitchell says. Hit your pits, butt and groin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.

Too much time spent under the hot water can dry out your skin, cause cracks（裂纹）that can lead to infections or germs getting into your skin, and take away the natural oils on your skin that help keep it healthy. So, even if you're aiming to be your most presentable, be sure to keep it moderate to avoid hurting your skin in the long run.

（1）According to the passage, why do most people shower daily?

A. To meet health need. B. To wash off dirt.

C. To add to attraction. D. To get relaxation.

（2）Which of the following people might be advised to shower once or twice a week?

A. Office staff B. Car maintainer C. Building

workers D. Gym-goers

（3）The underlined phrase “light showers” in Para . 4 refers to the showers in which ________.

A. bright lights are equipped B. a little soaping is involved

C. gentle skin touches are allowed D. less hot water is used

（4）What is the best title for the text?

A. Showering Daily Becomes a Custom B. Daily Shower Does No Good to You

C. Protect Your Skin When Showering D. You Probably Needn't Shower Daily

【答案】（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，从长远来看，每天淋浴对身体健康有害。如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。

(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“We connect being freshly showered with being attractive and pleasing, so we tend to showering often to feel better.”可知多数人每天淋浴是为了增加吸引力，故选C。

(2)考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly.”可知每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，才需要每天洗澡，故选A。

(3)考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“‘I tell patients who shower daily not to soap their whole bodies,’ Mitchell says. Hit your pits, butt and groin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.可知‘light showers’”指的是只在一些部位涂肥皂，而全身不需要

太多肥皂，故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。本文主要讲了从长远来看，每天淋浴对身体健康有害。如果不是每天身上都会沾污垢或是每天都出很多汗的工作，普通人一周洗一两次澡足够了。所以选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

One of the most striking findings of a newly research in the UK is that of the people interviewed, one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.

Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start close relationships? Does modem life really make it harder to fall in love? Or are we making it harder for ourselves? It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships. Women no longer rely upon partners for money or status. A man doesn't expect his wife to be in (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.

But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their

independence.

In theory, finding a partner should be much simpler these days. Only a few generations ago, your choice of soul mate was limited by geography, social convention and family tradition. Although it was never clear，many marriages were essentially arranged. Now those barriers have been broken down. You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening. When the world is your oyster ( 牡蛎), you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.

But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by the limitations of choice. The expectations of partners are raised to an unmanageable degree: good looks, impressive salary, kind to grandmother, and right socks. There is no room for error in the first impression.

We think that a relationship can be perfect. If it isn't, it should be ended. We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship. Twelve-hour work at the office makes relaxed after-hours dating difficult. The cost of housing and child-raising creates pressure to have a stable income and Career before a life partnership.

（1）What is a contemporary family like in UK today?

A. Couples share the burdens. B. Men begin to depend on

women.

C. Women are responsible for housework. D. It is difficult to take care of a family.

（2）Why do people preserve their independence?

A. To live alone happily. B. To have more choices.

C. To avoid marriages. D. To ignore traditions.

（3）What makes it hard for people to date?

A. Mental headache in dating. B. The pressure to survive.

C. Bad luck in finding a partner. D. The faith between life partners.

（4）What is the author trying to inform us in this text?

A. Perfect marriages conflict with independence.

B. People should, spend more money on marriages.

C. The expectations and reality separate the lovers.

D. Independence is much more important than love.

【答案】（1）A

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本人是一篇说明文，美国最新的一项问卷调查发现，50%的人觉得找到相伴一生的另一半很困难，作者从工作经济压力以及对配偶要求过高等因素进行了分析。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status. A man doesn't expect his wife to be in sole (唯一的) charge of running his household and raising his children.”可知现在的女子在经济上独立，男子也不能指望女子负责所有的家务和养孩子。说明现在是夫妻双方共同承担负担。故选A。

(2)考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.”可知，人们认为独自生活也很好这种观念使得人们不愿意放弃他们的独立生活。故选A。

(3)考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Twelve-hour work at the office makes

relaxed after-hours dating(约会) difficult.”可知12小时的工作使得人们约会变得很困难，繁忙的工作花费了人们太多的精力。故选B。

(4)考查主旨大意。文章主要分析现在的人们为什么很难找到生活伴侣，其原因可能主要是对对方的期望过高以及经济压力较大的现实。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Weighing too much can damage your health, and obesity is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world. Sleep might be one answer to the problem. A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds.

Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more, but scientists have had a tough time determining \"which came first, the chicken or the egg,\" says Julie C. Lumeng of the university of Michigan in Ann Arbor. In other words, it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios (可能出现的情况) seemed equally possible.

To get a better idea of which causes which, Lumeng and her colleagues

interviewed the parents of 785 third graders from around the United States. The parents answered questions about how well their kids slept that year. Three years later, the parents answered the same questions. By sixth grade, 18percent of kids involved in the study were obese.

The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender. It also didn't matter how strict their parents were, or whether they were boys or girls. Obesity struck all of these groups equally. Instead, sleep seemed to be the key factor. Over the three years of study, the children averaged a healthy 9. 5 hours of sleep a night. Some kids, however, slept a lot more or less than others.

For the sixth graders, every hour of sleep above the 9. 5houraverage was linked to a 20 percent lower risk of being obese. Sleep appeared doubly important for the third graders. Every extra hour of sleep they got was linked to a 40 percent drop in obesity.

（1）What does the underlined sentence on paragraph 2 imply?

A. Scientists have found the exact causes of children's obesity. B. There is always something difficult to understand through theory

C. The cause–effect relationship between weight and sleep isn't clear. D. A person's weight has something to do with the amount of his sleep.

（2）What did the interview find out?

A. 9.5 hours of sleep a night is enough for children. B. The more a child sleeps, the healthier he will be.

C. Sixth graders need much more sleep than third graders. D. One's race or gender has nothing to do with his weight.

（3）How does the author develop the passage?

A. By listing figures opinions

B. By comparing different

C. By providing examples D. By conducting a survey

（4）What is the suitable title for the passage?

A. The benefits of enough sleep for children B. Sleeping less increases the risk of obesity

C. Which comes first, little sleep or obesity D. How many hours of sleep do children need?

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新的研究发现，睡眠过少的小学生更容易发胖。

（1）考查句义猜测。划线句表示的字面意思是“先有鸡还是先有蛋”，结合上下文的内容可知，文章引用这句话是为了表明“是睡眠少导致了肥胖还是肥胖导致了睡眠少”这个问题还没有定论。第二段中的“In other words, it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios (可能出现的情况) seemed equally possible.”是解题的关键提示信息。故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender.”可知，面试的结果是一个人的种族或性别与他的体重没有任何关系。故选D。

（3）考查写作手法。本文介绍了一项研究，并列举了很多同该研究相关的数据。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds.”可知，本文主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，睡眠少会增加肥胖的概率。故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测，写作手法和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

Bike Share Toronto is the city's official bike share program, designed to give locals and visitors a fun, affordable and convenient alternative to walking, taxis, buses and the subway. There are 200 Bike Share Toronto stations and 2,000 bikes across the city, making Bike Share the most accessible way to get around and explore.

How it works

Become an Annual Member or buy a day Pass to access the system.

Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.

Take as many short rides as you want while your pass or membership is active.

Return your bike to any station, and wait for the green light on the dock(停靠点)to make sure it's locked.

Choose a plan

For visitors

Day Pass: $7. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 24-hour period.

3-Day Pass: $15. Unlimited 30-minute rides in a 72-hour period.

For locals

Monthly Pass: $25. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a month.

Annual Membership: $90. Unlimited 30-minute rides for a whole year. The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders.

The first 30 minutes of each ride is included with the membership or pass price. Avoid extra fees by dropping off your bike every 30 minutes at any other station. If you keep a bike out for longer than 30 minutes at a time, you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over, $4 for the next 30 minutes, and $7 for each additional 30 minutes after that.

Contact us

●Customer Service: (855)898-2388

●Repair Service: (855)-2378

●Corporation Partners: (855)898-2398

●Employment Opportunities: (855)898-2498

（1）Which is the most suitable choice for locals in Toronto?

A. Day Pass B. 3-Day Pass C. Monthly

Pass D. Annual Membership

（2）How much will the extra fee be if you travel for two hours by bike?

A. $5.5 B. $9.5 C. $12.5 D. $15.5

（3）For more information about working at Bike Share Toronto, contact it at _________.

A. (855)898-2399 2398 D. (855) 898-2498

B. (855)898-2378 C. (855)8989-

（4）Which of the following statement is TRUE?

A. A member can get a code or a key to the bike

B. Bike Share Toronto is a non-profit organization

C. Shared bikes have taken the place of other vehicles

D. The green light on the dock shows the bike is unlocked

【答案】 （1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇广应用文，共享自行车多伦多是城市的官方自行车分享计划，旨在为当地人和游客提供一个有趣，实惠和方便的替代步行，出租车，公共汽车和地铁．本文以此展开，讲述了共享自行车是怎样运行，使用，收费的。

（1）考查细节理解。根据文中“The Annual Membership is the best deal for locals of Toronto and other frequent riders”一年一度的会员是多伦多当地最好的交易和其他频繁的骑手。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据\" If you keep a bike out for longer than30 minutes at a time, you will be charged an extra $1.50 for the first 30 minutes over $4 for the next 30 minutes. and s7 for each additional 30 minutes after that”如果你保持自行车超过30分钟你将被一个额外的1.50美元的前30分钟4美元在接下来的30分钟7美元为每个额外的30分钟之后。所以超过两小时,就是1.5-4+7=12.5,故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。根据“Employment Opportunities: (855)898-2498”就业机会打（855）898-2498，故选D。

（4）考查细节理解。根据“Become an Annual Member or buy a day Pass to access the system. Find an available bike nearby, and get a ride code or use your member key to unlock it.”系统是怎么工作的，成为一年一度的成员或买一天通过访问系统。附近找到一个可用的自行车,和搭车的代码或使用你的解锁的关键成员，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读。要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

If you're a book lover，you have a pile of books on your bedside，or a bookshelf in your library with a“to read”sign on it．Yet you can't stop yourself from adding to the pile．This can lead to feelings of guilt over your new purchases．But I'm here to tell you to stop worrying．

What you have is an antilibrary ， and it's a very good thing．The term comes from writer Umberto Eco．He is the owner of a large personal library．He separates visitors into two groups：those who react with“Wow! What a library you have! How many of these books have you read?”and the others who get the point that a private library is not something to show off but a research too1．Read books are far less valuable than unread ones．Indeed，the more you know，the larger the rows of unread books．Let us call this collection an

antilibrary．

If you think you already know everything about a subject，you're cutting yourself off from a stream of information at an artificial point．So a growing library of books you haven't read means you're consistently curious about the unknown．And that attitude is a great foundation for a lifelong love of 1earning．

So don't feel guilt over your unread books．Those books will be there for you when you do want them，and as you build your library of read and unread books，you can start using it as you would use a bigger library．Certain books may become references more than read-throughs．Or you may find that a book you bought five years ago has special relevance today．Letting the role of books evolve in your life is a healthy sign of curiosity．That's good for you and good for the world around you．

（1）What does the underlined word“antilibrary”in Paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Feelings of guilt over new books． B. A pile of books on the bookshelf．

C. The collection of unread books． D. A large personal library．

（2）According to the author，more unread books mean________．

A. your wrong lifelong learning attitude B. you limit yourself from the unknown

C. your have no interest in the new world D. your strong desire about new information

（3）What's the author's attitude towards having an antilibrary?

A. Favorable． B. Doubtful． C. Ambiguous． D. Contradictory．

（4）What can we know from the last paragraph?

A. Curiosity is a sign of high IQ． B. Books are the ladder in our life．

C. Unread books are surely relevant to the present． D. We should read through every book．

【答案】（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。本文主要讲了收集没有阅读的书这一行为是非常好的，收集更多未经阅读的书意味着你对新信息的强烈渴望。

(1)词义猜测题。由第二段Read books are far less valuable than unread ones．Indeed，the more you know，the larger the rows of unread books．Let us call this collection an antilibrary．可知“antilibrary”指的是收集没有阅读的书，选C。

(2)细节理解题。由第三段So a growing library of books you haven't read means you're consistently curious about the unknown．可知更多未经阅读的书意味着你对新信息的强烈渴望，选D。

(3)推理判断题。由最后一段Letting the role of books evolve in your life is a healthy sign of curiosity．That's good for you and good for the world around you．可推知作者对于收集没有阅读的书这一行为，持赞成态度，选A。

(4)推理判断题。由最后一段Those books will be there for you when you do want them，and as you build your library of read and unread books，you can start using it as you would use a bigger library．Certain books may become references more than read-throughs．Or you may find that a book you bought five years ago has special relevance today．可推知书籍是我们生活的阶梯，选B。Noise-cancelling audio instruments have been around for a while now，but one Berlin-based designer believes that blocking“visual noise”is as important，if not more so，as cancelling out unwanted sounds．To this end he has created a simple accessory called the Focus Cap

【点评】议论文解题方法：1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。

2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。

3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。