(1)附上，系上，贴上 attach sth. to sth.
attach importance to sth.
He attached his horse to a tree. (2)参加，加入 (attach oneself to ) (3)爱慕，依恋; 依附
be attached to sb./ sth.
a. I am very attached to that old picture.
b. The hospital is attached to that university. 2. not in the least : not at all
I am not in the least touched by the Marilyn Monroe kind of beauty. 相关短语：
to say the least(of it)
(插入语)至少(可以这样说), 退一步说 at (the) least 至少,起码 least of all 尤其不, 最不
I don't like rain or storms, and least of all thunder. 3. find one’s way:
找到出路，到达，进入
--- After being held up by traffic jam for 3 hours, we finally found our way to the airport.
--- Beijing is not an easy city to find your way around.
--- Since we are involved into troubles, we must find our way out as soon as possible.
--- Rivers find their ways to the sea. 4. assist: 用法同help相似 assist sb. to do sth. assist sb. with sth.
-the professor was assisting his students to prepare their project / with their project.
5. neglect: give little attention or care to 忽视, 疏忽, 漏做(重视不够)
----He gave too much attention to his career, working long hours and neglecting his wife.
----Their investment turned out to be a failure and the manager was accused of neglecting his duties. 废寝忘食
neglect one’s meals and sleep
ignore: pay no attention to sb./sth. on purpose, or as if sth. has not happened. ---- I said “Good morning” to her, but she just ignored me and walked on. The general manager was accused of ___ his duties. A. abandoning B. forgetting
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C. neglecting D. ignoring
6. throw/shed/cast light on: make sth. clearer, provide information about sth. 揭示，阐明，提供有关的信息
---- The investigation has thrown light on the truth of the accident. 7.Principal:(rather fml) main, chief 主要的
--- Her principal interest in life was to be a world-famous pianist. n. The person who in charge of a school or a college 中小学校长 Cf.: principle
指“原则,原理”
--- These machines work on the same principle.
8. continual: happening again and again;指“一段时间内多次发生”、“时断时续”或“中断时间很短而又接连发生”
--- The construction of the airport continued despite continual complaints from local residents..
--- The dog’s continual barking disturbed the whole neighborhood. Cf.: continuous指“连续不断的”
--- The ticking of the watch is continuous.
constant：经常的，永恒的，表示无变化或单调地出现。 --- Constant dripping wears the stone. The brain needs a ____ supply of blood. A. continual B. continuous C. occasional D. long
Our journey was slow because the train stopped ___ at different villages.(CET-4,1999.1) A. continually B. continuously C. gradually D. unceasingly
9. Priority：重点，优先考虑的事 （后接to或over表示比较）
A patrol car has priority over other traffic. prior a. 优于，优先的
某些以-or结尾的形容词用“原级+to”表示比较，而不用than. superior（高于）, inferior（低于）, junior（年幼的）, senior （年长于）, anterior（早于）, posterior（后于）
10. evolve: cause to develop gradually
The story evolves into a violent tragedy. Popular music evolved from folk songs.
As knowledge of genetic engineering evolves, beliefs change.
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假如你想成为诗人, 你就必须逐步发展你自己的写作风格.
If you want to be a poet, you must evolve your own style of writing.
11. contrast: compare (two people or things) so that differences are made clear v. 使对照 n．对照
搭配：by/ in contrast 对比之下 in contrast to / with 与…对比起来 辨析: contrast/ compare (comparison) compare … with/and … 比较 compare … to … 把…比作… contrast … and/with/to … 对比 构词: contrary a. 相反的
on the contrary 反之
There is a sharp ____ between his earlier and later works. A. similarity B. character C. comparison D. contrast 12. promote:
1) 提升，提拔 2) 促进，推进
3) 宣传，推销（商品等）
-- Proper exercises will promote physical and mental health for the old. -- She worked hard and was soon promoted.
--The company is promoting their new products by radio.
13. Assuming (that): Used when you are considering a possible situation or event, so that you can think about the consequences.
---- Assuming that we all work at the same rate, we should finish January.
---- Assuming that this painting really is a Van Gogh, how much do you think it’s worth?
14. worthwhile: worth doing, worth the trouble taken （一般做表语或定语） ---Teaching is considered a worthwhile job. --- A trip to the museum is always worthwhile.
--- It might be worthwhile to consider buying an insurance policy. __ It is worthwhile making such an experiment. Cf.: worth worthy
Worth 一般接动名词形式，或接表示“钱”及相当于“代价”的名词。做表语时，其后必须接名词或动名词主动态，而不能单独做表语。 My bike is worth repairing.
Worthy 后面常接“of+名词”或“of+动名词或不定式的被动语态”结构，不可单独做表语。
The question is worthy of being considered / consideration. Unit Two
1. reserve:
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1) Order or book
The service at that five star restaurant is excellent. I have reserved a room for you.
2) Keep for a special use (be reserved for sb./sth.) a. I reserve the right to disagree.
b. Some seats on the buses are reserved for the old.
We’d like to ____ a table for five for dinner this evening.(cet-4,2002.6) a. preserve b. reserve c. retain d. sustain preserve:保护,保存/保藏,保持/维持
preserve peace; preserve public order; preserve meat or fish in salt conserve: conserve water含有节省之意 2. hold to 遵守，不改变 hold on 等等；
（在困难中）坚持下去 hold out 维持，持续；
坚守，守住
1. Could you__________ there? I’ll just see if the manager’s in.
2.The town was surrounded but the people___________ until the help came. 3. He _________ his hand in friendship.
4. She always _________ the view that her mother is an angel.
on the run:
1) 奔逃，逃跑2）奔波，忙碌
-- Ever since I got up early in the morning, I have been on the run. -- We had enemies on the run.
in the long run 从长远来看，最终
It pays in the long run to buy goods of high quality. in the short run 不久，在短期内
make up:
form the whole of 构成，组成
a. Women make up nearly 50% of university entrants.
b. The college is made up of fourteen departments and five research centers.
make up: 化妆；化装
She made up her face to look prettier. 捏造，虚构（故事、诗等）
The boy made up a story; it was not true. 整理；收拾 make up a bed make up for 补偿
be liable to do :be likely to do
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有…的倾向性，有…的可能性
a. They are liable to come here on time tomorrow.
b. The sports meeting is liable to be postponed until next week because of the bad weather.
be liable to do :be likely to do 有…的倾向性，有…的可能性 表达此意义的词组还有： be likely to do be apt to do
be inclined to do tend to do be prone to do
qualify: followed by for or infinitive to Do you qualify for the vote? I hope to qualify as a doctor.
A degree in English does not qualify you to teach English.
cultivate:
1) make a special effort to establish and develop 培养, 陶冶 to cultivate special interests
to cultivate one’s mind 修身养性，陶冶情操 cultivate a love of art
cultivate a new generation cultivate the habit of analysis
broad a.宽的；广泛的，丰富的 abroad adv. 在国外，到国外 board n.布告牌，平板
on board 在船上，在飞机上 aboard adv. 在（船，车，飞机等上）
1. The job involves working _________ three months each year.
2. The minister has __________ views and doesn’t insist that everyone believe just as he does.
3. When everybody was on __________, the ship sailed. 4. John has never been _________a plane.
Unit Three
1. location:场所，位置 local adj. 当地的 locate
v. 把…设置在…,使坐落于… be located/situated in=lie in
2. embarrass: make (sb.) feel awkward or ashamed
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---- I chose my words carefully in order to avoid embarrassing anyone. embarrassed embarrassing embarrassment
be embarrassed by sth
3.consist of: be made up of 由…组成
---The book consists of essays written over the last twenty years.
---The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 4. fade
1) （使）褪色，凋落； Flowers soon fade when cut. 2) 衰落；
She is fading fast, ie rapidly losing strength. 3) 逐渐消失。
The sound of thunder faded away into the distance. Translate:
天气越来越冷，他早练的热情逐渐消失了。
His enthusiasm for morning exercises faded as it was getting colder and colder. fade in 逐渐增强/清晰（声音、画面等） fade out 逐渐消失/淡出
fade away 逐渐消失;（人）散去,死亡等 5.overall
(1)ad.大体上，总的来说；
---Overall, the college has few ways to assess the quality of education.
(2)a.总计的，包括一切的；
---the overall length of the rope is 15 feet. 6. distract:使分心
distract sb./sth.; distract sb. from sth./ doing sth.; be distracted by/with. 被搞得心烦意乱
---Passengers are requested not to distract the driver’s attention while he is driving.
Cf. attract vt.吸引vi.有吸引力, 引起注意
extract vt.拔出, 榨取, 摘录, 析取, 吸取 subtract v.(～ from)减去, 减；拿走；扣除 contract n.合同, 契约, 婚约 v.使缩短, 订约 7. narrow down: make smaller narrow sth. down to…把…缩小至
Over a hundred applicants will be narrowed down to a short list of five candidates. 8. come over
come over sb. 刺激或影响某人 A fit of dizziness came over me.
come over to sth. 改变立场或意见到…
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She will never come over to our side. come over (from …to…) 从一地来到另一地, 过来
Her grandparents came over from Ireland. 9. Interference n.干涉，干扰 Interfere v.
Interfere in/with sth. 妨碍，干涉 Interfere with sb.
--- The UN can’t interfere in the international affairs of any country. --- Don’t interfere with him. He’s preparing for the final exams. 10.exceptional: very unusual; outstanding 异常的，罕见的； 特殊的；杰出的，突出的
a. Ann showed exceptional musical ability at the age of four. b. Stephen was an exceptional man with great business talents. c. The movie was pretty good, but not exceptional. 11. fill out: complete ( a document or form) by supplying required information. To fill out a form means the same as to fill in a form/fill up a form
Please fill in/out/up this form, giving your name, age, and address. Fill the bottle with air. be filled with be full of
Unit Four
1.interpret: l) understand (sth.. said, ordered, or done)
Examples: They are worried that the students might interpret the new regulation as a restriction of their rights.
She interprets the dream as an unconscious desire to be young again. structure:
interpret …as…(to be…)
interpret: 2) give or provide the meaning of , explain
Examples: How do you interpret his refusal to see us? This dream can be interpreted in several different ways.
interpret: 3) translate what is said in one language into another by talking. compare and contrast: translate (translator) interpret (interpreter)
2.stretch: 表示（使）某物的长度由曲或由短而长地伸展，表示大的空间（如道路，山峦，原野等）的延伸、绵延时可与extend 互换使用，表示时间的延长时，extend 强调延长到某一点，后常接介词to, 而stretch 则强调延长的一段时间，用介词over和into. 此外，stretch 还可以表示肢体的伸展。
extend: 表示空间，时间，土地等方面的扩展或延续，也表示给予、施的意义
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（extend a warm welcome to…），还可以表示将身体的各个部位尽可能地伸展开来。
expand: 指长度、面积、体积等方面的扩张、膨胀，多含朝四面八方扩张或伸展之意(如商业扩张)。
Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ____ themselves. (CET-4, 2000.1) A. stretching B. extending
C. prolonging D. expanding 3. submit:
vt.1)提交，呈递
2)服从 (followed by to) vi. 投降， 服从， 屈服(give in)
--You should submit your reports to the committee. --Should a wife submit herself to her husband? --we should submit ourselves to discipline. submit oneself to… 甘受，服从
4.take in: absorb (sth.) into the body by breathing or swallowing --The earth takes in heat and light from the sun. Other meanings:
--They listened to my lecture, but I wondered how much they took in. --We need more time to take in the situation. --The old lady takes in the poor orphan.
--Don’t trust that fellow; he will take you in if he gets the chance.
Our son doesn’t know what to ____ at university because he is not sure what he will do in the future.
A. take up B. take in C. take over D. take after 5.aversion: n
（常与to, for连用）嫌恶，厌恶 to take an aversion to 嫌恶；憎恨
She has an aversion to pets. 她讨厌宠物。
Big dogs are an aversion of little girls'. 高大的狗是小女孩们讨厌的东西。 aversion:
厌恶，反感; 厌恶, 讨厌的事和人 collocation:
aversion to/for sth./sb.
take/ have an aversion to/for … Translation:
我从来就讨厌早起。
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6. but then:
yet at the same time 但另一方面，然而
--The failure of China's soccer team looks inevitable. But then, anything can happen in football.
他这场比赛输了，不过他也未想过赢。
He lost the race, but then he never expected to win. 7. suck
suck sb in/into sth. 把…卷入… suck at/on sth.: 吸食，吮吸 suck up (to sb): 奉承，拍马屁 He is always ____ to his boss.
A. sucking up B. sucking in C. sucking at D. sucking into . keep up with: 及时了解或跟上
How do you ____ the latest styles in popular music? They change so quickly. (CET-4,1994,6)
A. keep up with B. keep to C. keep out D. keep on keep up with the Joneses
跟别人尤其是邻居比排场阔气, 在物质生活上赶上富有的邻居
9. in sight: 1) visible 2) likely to come soon -- The train was in sight.
-- Two months passed, and victory was not yet in sight. Phrases:
at first sight一见就..., 初次看见时
lose sight of看不见；失去信息；失去联系；忘记；没有考虑到 at the sight of一看见就...
in [within] sight of 在看得见...的地方 10. Sensitive 敏感的，易感受到的 常用结构：~ to sth. sensible 明智的，合理的
sensational 很棒的，了不起的，耸人听闻的 sentimental 感伤的， 感情用事的
Cats’ eyes are much more ___ to light than are human eyes. A. sensible B. sensitive C. sensational D. sentimental 11. arrange: prepare or plan
arrange sth.; arrange to do sth.; arrange for sb./sth. to do sth.
--Her marriage was arranged by her parents.
--Let's arrange to have a dinner together some time before we graduate. --I have arranged for a taxi to pick us up at 8:00 am.
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--I could arrange for you to come along with us if you like. --会议安排在星期六下午召开。
The conference has been arranged for Saturday afternoon.
Unit Five
1. bear out: prove (sth.) is true
eg. The evidence that the US Central Intelligence Agency has obtained bears
out their claims that Bin Laden is closely related to the September 11 terrorist attacks in the USA.
The witnesses will bear you out in court.
What you said just now can’t _____ your innocence.
A. bear up B. bear with C. bear out D. bear on
bear down 击败，压倒 bear up 支持，拥护
bear on/upon 与…有关，与…有联系 bear with 耐心对待，容忍，忍受 bear …in mind 记住
2. passion: strong feeling, esp. of love have a passion for: 对…有强烈爱好 have a passion to do sth.：强烈希望做… passionate adj. 热情的 passionless adj. 无热情的
She argued with great ____.(cet-4, 1996,1) a. emotion b. passion c. feeling d. affection
3. detail: small, particular fact or item; sth, which is unimportant go/enter into detail(s): 详细叙述 in detail: 详尽地
detail by detail 逐一
The implications of this theory are examined ___ in Chapter 12. a. In all b. in detail c. in common d. person
4. coincide: happen at the same time; be in agreement with Hawking’s birthday coincides with the death date of Galileo. 100 degrees centigrade coincides with 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Our interests coincide.
The members of the committee do not coincide in opinion 5. core: the most important part
The core of the problem is their objection to educational reform. get to the core of 触级…的核心 to the core 完全地，彻底地 6. alternate & alternative
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on alternate days: 每隔一天
He experienced alternate bouts of depression and cheerfulness within one day.
alternate: v .轮流，交替 adj. 交替的，轮流的
His feeling alternated between fear and excitement. Rainy days alternated with dry ones. alternative:
adj. 两者择一的 n. 选择
7. vain: too pleased with one’s own abilities or looks （vainer, vainest）
Too much praise can makes a person vain. She was vain of/about her appearance. in vain 徒然，枉然 All our work was in vain as vain as a peacock
8. be ashamed of: feeling foolish or uncomfortable because of (sth.) be ashamed of 以为...是耻辱 be ashamed to do… 以干...为耻
feel ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧 9. allow
allow sb. to do… allow sb. sth. allow that
allow of+ n or n. phrase 承认,容许,体谅 allow for+ n or n. phrase考虑；顾及 10. intensity: the state of being intense
In order to finish the job in time, we have to work with greater intensity. Intense由内在倾向而来的力量或专心，适用于描写情感状态— intense pleasure, dislike, loyalty
intensive 常用于指行为的强度和程度是外部施加的 --- intensive bombing, training
tension: worry or nervousness tense: worried or nervous (er, est)
11. in one’s mind’s eye: in one’s imagination; in one’s memory In his mind’s eye, she is still a shy girl.
In my mind’s eye, I can still see the house where I was born. in one’s soul of souls 在灵魂深处
in one’s own good time 在某人方便的时候 in one’s power 就某人能力所及 in one’s own way 用自己的方法 to my mind 按照我的想法
out of one’s mind 发疯，精神不正常
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Additional Exercises
He was ___ of having asked such a silly question.(1991, cet-4) a. sorry
b. ashamed c. guilty d. miserable
I dreamed ___ becoming a plane pilot when I was a small boy. a. for b. to c. of d. with
dream away/through/out:虚度光阴 dream up:虚构，空想
We were ___ to the conclusion that the medicine did not cause any side effects. a. took b. reached c. arrived d. led
One day, you’ll ___ this foolish behavior. a. pay up b. pay back c. pay for d. pay off
___ various difficulties, he kept on studying until he got the proper answer. a. In spite of b. In point of c. In view of d. On behalf of
It is up to the government to deal with the environmental pollution problem and ___ measures in line with the council’s suggestion. a. set about b. work out c. fill up d. bring over
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