西安外国语学院
2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：基础英语 科目代码：311
PART ONE
I. Vocabulary (15 points)
Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Select the one that best fits in with each context and draw a bar across the correspondent letter on the Answer Sheet.
1. In view of the petrol shortage, _________ will be placed on the unnecessary use of private cars for pleasure.
A. limitations B. restrictions C. rationing D. banning
2. During a war, many of the normal basic rights of the individual are ___________ in the national interest.
A. disregarded B. infringed C. suspended D. stamped
3. Countries bordered by the sea have a pleasant _________ climate because the sea warms the coast on winter and cools it in summer.
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A. arboreal B. aquatic C. maritime D. ocean
4. Crimes of violence appear to be quite __________; but psychologists can usually find a motive hidden away in the criminal’s childhood.
A. senseless B. sensational C. nonsensical D. sensitive
5. I’m afraid the result of the coming election is a _________ conclusion.
A. foregone B. foreseen C. predictable D. prospective
6. It is possible to organize housework so as to ________ inefficiency but not monotony.
A. deplete B. minimize C. diminish D. subtract
7. The _____________ of social security benefits often feel that they are contributing more than they in fact receive in terms of medical care, pensions, etc.
A. receipts B. receivers C. recipients D. payees
8. If silicon chips are going to be significant and profitable then Britain ought to have a _________ in their manufacture.
A. stake B. bid C. bet D. flutter
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9. I had no _________ about speaking the language when I was in Greece, it was driving on the other side of the road which bothers me.
A. panic B. quake C. nervousness D. qualms
10. As he took his foot off the clutch the car _________ forward and the passenger was almost thrown through the windscreen.
A. lurched B. swirled C. staggered D. wobbled
11. At each race meeting Hawkins desperately _______ to beat Owen, but he always arrives at the tape a split-second behind.
A. drives B. exerts C. contends D. strives
12. Some of the people living on the Council’s new estate decided to set up a (an) _________ association.
A. occupants’ B. dwellers’ C. tenants’ D. inhabitants’
13. He thumbed through the rose ________ to see if there was anything he fancies for his south-facing wall.
A. brochure B. catalogue C. pamphlet D. booklet
14. I was going to spend my holiday in Italy next year but the price of
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everything has rather _______ the idea. Perhaps I shall to Spain instead.
A. bogged me down B. turned me out C. set me back D. put me off
15. A brilliant writer can _________ a whole scene effortlessly.
A. invoke B. provoke C. evoke D. stimulate
II. Grammatical Structure (15 points)
Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences. Each is followed by four possible answers. Choose the one that best completes each sentence and draw a bar across the correspondent letter on the Answer Sheet.
16. In such desperate strains did he find himself that he was reduced to ________ violin in the streets.
A. play B. playing C. be playing D. having played
17. Please try to remember ________ he said he was going this afternoon. If you can tell me, I may be in time to save him from trouble.
A. where B. when C. how D. what
18. Those twins are so alike that it is next to impossible to distinguish ________.
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A. who is who B. which is which
C. one and the other D. one another
19. You _________ hurt his feelings by saying that, even if you thought it.
A. didn’t need to needn’t have
B. needn’t to C. hadn’t needed to D.
20. A captain never gives _________ order to abandon ______ ship until all __________ hope of saving it is lost.
A. the; x; x B. an; a; the C. an; the; x D. the; a; the
21. After the Arab state won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys ________ to go to school.
A. to be encouraged B. being encouraged
C. to have been encouraged D. be encouraged
22. To a highly imaginative writer, _________ is a pad paper and a pen.
A. all are required B. all is require
C. all that is required D. all required is
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23. He’s improving slowly _________ it’ll be a long time before he’s fit enough to go back to work.
A. but B. for C. as D. unless
24. Language is a city, to the building of ________ every human being brought a stone.
A. it B. this C. that D. which
25. At first she accused me of being a political fanatic, but she soon came round to _________ that my ideas where not so ridiculous as she had supposed.
A. realize realizing
B. realizing C. have realized D. being
26. Many political problems are so complicated that the layman cannot see the wood _______ the trees.
A. of B. from C. for D. with
27. I read that in some book or _________; does it matter which it was?
A. the other B. another C. others D. other
28. All was confusion around him; __________ he remained calm and unruffled.
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A. nonetheless B. consequently C. otherwise D. furthermore
29. He is determined to improve his innocence, ________ he has to go to the highest court in the land.
A. even though B. even as C. even if D. even so
30. When _________, many racists cannot give a logical reason for their attitudes towards other racial groups.
A. questioning B. having been questioned
C. having questioned D. questioned
III. Cloze (20 points)
Section A
Directions: For questions 31-40, read the text and then decide which word, A, B, C, or D best fits each space. Make your choices and draw a bar cross the correspondent letter on the Answer Sheet.
Face-to-face conversation is a two-way process: you speak to me, I reply to you and so on. Two-way 31 depends on having a coding system that is understood by both 32 and receiver, and an agreed conversation about 33 the beginning and end of the 34 in speech, the coding system is a language like
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English or Spanish; the conversation that one person speaks at a time may seem too obvious to 35 . In fact, the 36 that people use in conversations and meetings are often non-verbal. For example, lowering the pitch of the voice may mean the end of a sentence; a 37 of breath may signal the desire to 38 , catching the chairman’s eye may indicate the desire to speak in a formal setting like a 39 , a clenched fist may indicate anger. When these 40 signals are not possible. More formal signals may be needed.
31. A. exchange communication
B. correspondence C. interchange D.
32. A. transmitter B. messenger C. sender D. announcer
33. A. signaling B. symbolizing C. signing D. showing
34. A. idea B. theme C. topic D. message
35. A. notice B. mention C. recognize D. judge
36. A. clues B. signals C. features D. symbols
37. A. deep hold intake
B. noisy release C. big puff D. sharp
38. A. interfere B. interact C. interrupt D. intercept
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39. A. debate B. lecture C. chat D. broadcast
40. A. auditory B. visual C. verbal D. sensory
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Section B
Directions: For questions 41-50, read the text and decide on a suitable word to fill each of the gaps. Remember there is one word for each gap. Write you answer on the Answer Sheet.
In this week’s issue, our resident film critic discusses the 41 of cinema going, and the audiences who 42 chewing hot-dogs, slurping drinks, gossiping and rustling crisp packets to actually 43 the film. Fair complaint, or just cinema snobbery?
It’s the munchers and talkers, not those who complain about them, who are spoiling 44 people’s simple pleasures and the 45 seem to me to be self-evident. Junk foods and even popcorn and choc ices, when eaten in a 46 and possibly crowded space, are inclined to demand living spaces. They spread 47 about—usually onto other’s clothing. Crisps, peanuts and boiled sweets make a lot of 48 , first when being unpacked then when being crunched or sucked. These are definite 49 , especially if you yourself—having merely come to see or hear the film—are not eating and not therefore generously sharing your fried onions, mustard and ketchup with the trousers of the stranger in the 50 seat.
IV. Reading Comprehension (10 points)
Directions: Here is a text. The parts A-F have been removed. Match the
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parts A-F to the numbered gaps in the text. There is one extra part which does not belong in any of the gaps.
Professor Kimura has now discovered that homosexual men tend to do worse in targeting tasks, but are superior in other areas, for example, listing things that are a particular color. This goes one step further towards supporting the theory part of the brain is pre-programmed.
But despite all the differences that appear to have emerged between male and female brains, Professor Kimura’s studies indicate that the sexes still having something quite strikingly in common: both, it appears, are sensitive to hormonal fluctuation throughout their lives.
51_________________ Now Professor Kimura has discovered that males perform best on mental-rotation tests in the spring when, contrary to popular belief, male levels of the hormone testosterone are at their lowest. Autumn, when testosterone levels are high, is when her male subjects fare worst in tests.
52_________________
Moreover, weaknesses in certain skills are not fixed immutable. Extra training in weak areas for both sexes can go far towards rectifying the gender balance.
53_________________
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It’s a good step forward towards greater harmony between men and women. It means they can work towards understanding and helping each other, even on the most basic level.
54_________________
Furthermore, says Dr. Apter, the latest findings mean that women need no longer force themselves into activities for which they have natural gift—just for the sake of equality. “They don’t have to feel guilty or inferior about doing feminine things.” With childcare, for example, women have developed the skills of attending to babies and noticing what they need and when they need it. This is partly because they spend more time with them, but women do also tend to be quicker at learning how to respond to the young.
55_________________
A. But Dr. Terri Apter, a social psychologist at Cambridge University, welcomes the recognition that the sexes have different intellectual abilities.
B. ‘If women want to stay at home looking after their children, they should do so. They happen to be very good at it.’
C. What’s more, the experts acknowledge that in spite of some evidence to the contrary women generally recognize their superiority in this field.
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D. ‘If a man find his wife is not very good at map-reading and realizes that it may be genetic, he will not only be more patient but he can teach her how to do it better.’
E. Women tested by scientists at Canada’s York University have been found to score much better on spatial reasoning tests during menstruation when their estrogen levels are low.
F. Of course, as all scientists involved in gender testing are at pains to point out, their results are only averages. Some women will be better at football than most men, and some men will be better at Russian than most women.
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PART TWO
Translate the underlined parts of the following text into Chinese. (30 points)
(1) The lives of most men are determined by their environment. They accept the circumstances amid which fate has thrown them not only with resignation but even with good will. They are like streetcars running contentedly on their rails and they despise the slightly flivver that dashes in and out of the traffic and speeds so jauntily across the open country. I respect them. (2) I am fascinated by the men, few enough in all conscience, who take life in their own hands and seem to mould it to their own liking. It may be that we have no such thing as free will, but at all events we have the illusion of it. As a cross-road it does seem to us that we might go either to the right or the left and, the choice once make, it is difficult to see that the whole course of the world’s history obliged us to take the turning we did.
(3) I never met a more interesting man than Mayhew. He was a lawyer in Detroit. He was an able and successful one. By the time he was thirty-five he had a large and a lucrative practice, he had amassed a competence, and he stood on the threshold of a distinguished career. One evening he was with a group of friends and they were perhaps a little worse (or the better) for liquor. One of them had recently come from Italy and he told them of a house he had seen at Capri, a house on the hill, overlooking the Bay of Naples, with a large and shady garden. He described to them the beauty of the most beautiful island in the Mediterranean.
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“It sounds fine” said Mayhew “Is that house for sale?” “Everything is for sale in Italy.”
“Let’s send’em a cable and make an offer for it.”
“What on heaven’s name would you do with a house in Capri?”
“Live in it”, said Mayhew.
He sent for a cable form, wrote it out, and dispatched it. In a few hours the reply came back. The offer was accepted.
(4) Mayhew was no hypocrite and he made no secret of the fact that he would never have done so wild a thing if he had been sober, but when he was he did not regret it. He was neither an impulsive nor an emotional man, but a very honest and sincere one. (5) He would never have continued from bravado in a course that he had come to the conclusion was unwise. He did not care for wealth and he had enough money on which to live in Italy. (6) He though he would do more with life than spend it on composing the trivial quarrels of unimportant people. I suppose his friends thought him craze; some must have done all they could to dissuade him. He arranged his affairs, packed up his furniture, and started.
Capri is a gaunt rock of austere, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace. (7) It is friendly, remote, and debonair. I find it strange that Mayhew should have settled on this lovely island,
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for I never knew a man more insensible to beauty, freedom, or merely leisure; I know what he found. In this place which appears so extravagantly to the senses he lived a life entirely of the spirit. For the island is rich with historic associations and over it broods always the enigmatic memory of Tiberius the Emperor. Form his windows overlooking the Bay of Naples, with the noble shape of Vesuvius changing color with the changing light, Mayhew saw a hundred places that recalled the Romans and the Greeks. The past began to haunt him. All that he saw for the first time excited his fancy; and in his soul stirred the creative imagination. He was a man of energy. Presently he made up his mind to write a history. For some time he looked about for a subject, and at last decided on the second century of the Roman Empire. It was little known and it seemed to him to offer problems analogous with those of our own day.
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PART THREE
I. Summary (25 points)
Directions: Write a 150-word summary based on the following text. Note that your summary should cover the main points of the text and that your quotation from the original source should be kept to a minimum.
Overreaction to Cloning Claim Poses Other Risks
A USA Today Editorial
Much of the world is now holding its breath, wondering whether Eve, the supposed first-ever human clone, born Dec. 26 [2002], is real or a twisted publicity stunt. Her existence certainly sounds like something out of science fiction: announced by the Raelians, a bizarre sect that believes the human race was cloned from aliens 25,000 years ago.
The Raelians' Clonaid organization promises to provide in coming days scientific proof of Eve's authenticity through genetics experts, though it refuses to produce Eve or her 31-year-old American mother. It also claims that four more clones are due to be born by February [2003]—a statistic that stretches credulity, given that the cloning of mammals since Dolly the sheep in 1997 has usually taken hundreds of tries and produced Frankenstein-leaning deformities.
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Whether or not Eve proves to be genuine, any clone would catch Americans spectacularly unprepared. That's because conservative Republicans and the Bush administration have insisted on pursuing a ban on all cloning. Their overreach overlooks a more sensible alternative: outlawing the morally reprehensible cloning of humans but permitting cellular cloning that could cure ailments from Alzheimer's to spinal injuries.
True to form, within days of Eve's birth for Senate legislation to ban all human cloning…Yet such a knee-jerk reaction ignores critical differences between cloning of the human and therapeutic variety.
Human cloning aims to replicate humans. It requires implanting a cloned embryo into a woman's uterus. The Raelians' claims aside, the practice holds moral, ethical and practical risks. Attempts to clone humans are certain to follow the path of animal cloning. That means hundreds of failures and the death within days of most clones that do reach birth. Survivors, even if they seem healthy, could be time bombs with unknown genetic abnormalities. Besides such vexing moral questions as who has the right to clone another person, family relationships and rights would become a minefield of ambiguity: Eve's ''mother,'' for example, would really be her twin.
Therapeutic cloning aims to develop medical therapies. Cloned embryos are grown only up to 14 days, long enough to harvest their stem cells, which may eventually prove useful in treating diseases including Parkinson's, leukemia and diabetes. Embryos aren't implanted in a woman's uterus, the step required to clone
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a human.
Supporters of a total ban would shut off this promising avenue of U.S. research. Yet investigations would continue overseas.
A far more sensible approach was proposed last year, when the National Academy of Sciences called for a five-year renewable ban on the cloning of human beings while allowing research on therapeutic cloning.
Regardless whether Eve is a clone, her announced arrival delivers a call for responsible action. Like it or not, we already are in a brave new world of medical advances.
II. Composition (35 points)
Directions: Write a composition in about 350 words to give your opinion on Why and How Web Addicts Should Be Treated. Write your composition on the Answer Sheet.
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